§ 2401. Congressional findings and declaration of purpose

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1978

   Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–541 § 2 · 92 Stat. 2048

   Enacted · 16 U.S.C. § 2401

   Pub. L. 95–541, § 2, Oct. 28, 1978, 92 Stat. 2048

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 95–541, § 2, Oct. 28, 1978, 92 Stat. 2048

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 2. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. (a) Findings.— The Congress finds that— (1) the Antarctic Treaty and the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, adopted at the Third Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, have established a firm foundation for the continuation of international cooperation and the freedom of scientific investigation in Antarctica; and (2) the study of Antarctic fauna and flora, their adaptation to their rigorous environment, and their interrelationships with that environment has special scientific importance for all mankind. (b) Purpose.— The purpose of this Act is to provide for the conservation and protection of the fauna and flora of Antarctica, and of the ecosystem upon which such fauna and flora depend, consistent with the Antarctic Treaty, the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and Recommendation VII-3 of the Eighth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting.

2. 1996

   Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–227 § 101(a)(1) · 110 Stat. 3034

   Redesignated · 16 U.S.C. § 2401(a)(1)(3)

   Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), added pars. (1) to (3). Former pars. (1) and (2) redesignated (4) and (5), respectively

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(1) to (3). Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), added pars. (1) to (3). Former pars. (1) and (2) redesignated (4) and (5), respectively.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (4) and (5) respectively, and inserting before paragraph (4), as redesignated, the following: “(1) for well over a quarter of a century, scientific investigation has been the principal activity of the Federal Government and United States nationals in Antarctica; “(2) more recently, interest of American tourists in Antarctica has increased; “(3) as the lead civilian agency in Antarctica, the National Science Foundation has long had responsibility for ensuring that United States scientific activities and tourism, and their supporting logistics operations, are conducted with an eye to preserving the unique values of the Antarctic region;”;

3. 1996

   Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–227 § 101(a)(1) · 110 Stat. 3034

   1. Redesignated · 16 U.S.C. § 2401(a)(4)

      Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (1) as (4)

   2. Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 2401(a)(4)

      Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), (2), substituted “the Protocol establish a firm foundation for the conservation of Antarctic resources,” for “the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, adopted at the Third Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, have established a firm foundation”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), (2), redesignated par. (1) as (4) and substituted “the Protocol establish a firm foundation for the conservation of Antarctic resources,” for “the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, adopted at the Third Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, have established a firm foundation”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (4) and (5) respectively, and inserting before paragraph (4), as redesignated, the following: “(1) for well over a quarter of a century, scientific investigation has been the principal activity of the Federal Government and United States nationals in Antarctica; “(2) more recently, interest of American tourists in Antarctica has increased; “(3) as the lead civilian agency in Antarctica, the National Science Foundation has long had responsibility for ensuring that United States scientific activities and tourism, and their supporting logistics operations, are conducted with an eye to preserving the unique values of the Antarctic region;”;

4. 1996

   Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–227 § 101(a)(1) · 110 Stat. 3034

   1. Redesignated · 16 U.S.C. § 2401(a)(5)

      Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), (3), redesignated par. (2) as (5)

   2. Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 2401(a)(5)

      Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), (3), substituted “the Antarctic Treaty and the Protocol establish international mechanisms and create legal obligations necessary for the maintenance of Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science.” for “the study of Antarctic fauna and flora, their adaptation to their rigorous environment, and their interrelationships with that environment has special scientific importance for all mankind.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(a)(1), (3), redesignated par. (2) as (5) and substituted “the Antarctic Treaty and the Protocol establish international mechanisms and create legal obligations necessary for the maintenance of Antarctica as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science.” for “the study of Antarctic fauna and flora, their adaptation to their rigorous environment, and their interrelationships with that environment has special scientific importance for all mankind.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as paragraphs (4) and (5) respectively, and inserting before paragraph (4), as redesignated, the following: “(1) for well over a quarter of a century, scientific investigation has been the principal activity of the Federal Government and United States nationals in Antarctica; “(2) more recently, interest of American tourists in Antarctica has increased; “(3) as the lead civilian agency in Antarctica, the National Science Foundation has long had responsibility for ensuring that United States scientific activities and tourism, and their supporting logistics operations, are conducted with an eye to preserving the unique values of the Antarctic region;”;

5. 1996

   Antarctic Science, Tourism, and Conservation Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–227 § 101(b) · 110 Stat. 3034

   Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 2401(b)

   Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(b), substituted “Treaty and the Protocol” for “Treaty, the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and Recommendation VII–3 of the Eighth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–227, § 101(b), substituted “Treaty and the Protocol” for “Treaty, the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and Recommendation VII–3 of the Eighth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Purpose.— Section 2(b) of inch Act (16 U.S.C. 2401(b)) is amended by striking “Treaty, the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, and Recommendation VII–3 of the Eighth Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting” and inserting “Treaty and the Protocol”.

7 of 7 references resolved to an enrolled provision