Title 16 — Conservation
Chapter 16C — South Pacific Tuna Fishing
§ 973. Definitions
Statutory text
As used in this chapter—
The term “Administrator” means the individual or organization designated by the Pacific Island Parties to act on their behalf under the Treaty and notified to the United States Government.
The term “Authorized Officer” means any officer who is authorized by the Secretary, or the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, or the head of any Federal or State agency which has entered into an enforcement agreement with the Secretary under section 973h(a) of this title.
The term “Authorized Party Officer” means any officer authorized by a Pacific Island Party to enforce the provisions of the Treaty.
The term “applicable national law” means any provision of law of a Pacific Island Party which is noticed and in effect in accordance with the Treaty.
The term “Closed Area” means any area within the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party that is closed to vessels pursuant to a national law of that Pacific Island Party and is noticed and in effect in accordance with the Treaty.
The term “fishing” means—
searching for, catching, taking, or harvesting fish;
attempting to search for, catch, take, or harvest fish;
engaging in any other activity which can reasonably be expected to result in the locating, catching, taking, or harvesting of fish for any purpose;
placing, searching for, or recovering fish aggregating devices or associated electronic equipment such as radio beacons;
any operations at sea directly in support of, or in preparation for, any activity described in this paragraph; or
use of any other vessel, vehicle, aircraft, or hovercraft for any activity described in this paragraph except for emergencies involving the health or safety of the crew or the safety of a vessel.
The term “fishing vessel” or “vessel” means any boat, ship, or other craft which is used for, equipped to be used for, or of a type normally used for ommercial purse seine fishing for tuna, and which is documented under the laws of the United States.
The term “Licensing Area” means all waters under the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party, except for internal waters, territorial seas, archipelagic waters, and any Closed Area.
The term “licensing period” means the period of validity of licenses issued in accordance with the Treaty.
The term “operator” means any person who is in charge of, directs or controls a vessel, including the owner, charterer, and master.
The term “Pacific Island Party” means a Pacific Island nation which is a party to the Treaty.
The term “person” means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State), and any Federal, State, local, or foreign government or any entity of any such government.
The term “regional terms and conditions” means any of the terms or conditions attached by the Administrator to a license issued by the Administrator, as notified by the Secretary.
The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce, or the designee of the Secretary of Commerce.
The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealths of Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.
The term “Treaty” means the Treaty on Fisheries Between the Governments of Certain Pacific Island States and the Government of the United States of America, signed in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, , and its Annexes, Schedules, and implementing agreements.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
South Pacific Tuna Act of 1988
Pub. L. 100–330 § 2 · 102 Stat. 591
Enacted · 16 U.S.C. § 973
Pub. L. 100–330, § 2, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 591
Source evidence
Code source credit
Pub. L. 100–330, § 2, June 7, 1988, 102 Stat. 591Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Act— (1) The term “Administrator” means the individual or organization designated by the Pacific Island Parties to act on their behalf under the Treaty and notified to the United States Government. (2) The term “Authorized Officer” means any officer who is authorized by the Secretary, or the Secretary of the department in which the Coast Guard is operating, or the head of any Federal or State agency which has entered into an enforcement agreement with the Secretary under section 10(a) of this Act. (3) The term “Authorized Party Officer” means any officer authorized by a Pacific Island Party to enforce the provisions of the Treaty. (4) The term “applicable national law” means any provision of law of a Pacific Island Party which is described in paragraph 1(a) of Annex I of the Treaty. (5) The term “Closed Area” means any of the closed areas identified in Schedule 2 of Annex I of the Treaty. (6) The term “fishing” means— (A) searching for, catching, taking, or harvesting fish; (B) attempting to search for, catch, take, or harvest fish; (C) engaging in any other activity which can reasonably be expected to result in the locating, catching, taking, or harvesting of fish; (D) placing, searching for, or recovering fish aggregating devices or associated electronic equipment such as radio beacons; (E) any operations at sea directly in support of, or in preparation for, any activity described in this paragraph; or (F) aircraft use, relating to the activities described in this paragraph except for flights in emergencies involving the health or safety of crew members or the safety of a vessel. (7) The term “fishing vessel” or “vessel” means any boat, ship, or other craft which is used for, equipped to be used for, or of a type normally used for commercial fishing, and which is documented under the laws of the United States. (8) The term “Licensing Area” means all waters in the Treaty Area except for— (A) those waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in accordance with international law; (B) those waters within Closed Areas; and (C) those waters within Limited Areas closed to fishing. (9) The term “licensing period” means the period of validity of licenses issued in accordance with the Treaty. (10) The term “Limited Area” means any area so identified in Schedule 3 of Annex I of the Treaty. (11) The term “operator” means any person who is in charge of, directs or controls a vessel, including the owner, charterer, and master. (12) The term “Pacific Island Party” means a Pacific Island nation which is a party to the Treaty. (13) The term “Party” means a nation which is a party to the Treaty. (14) The term “person” means any individual (whether or not a citizen or national of the United States), any corporation, partnership, association, or other entity (whether or not organized or existing under the laws of any State), and any Federal, State, local, or foreign government or any entity of any such government. (15) The term “Secretary” means the Secretary of Commerce, or the designee of the Secretary of Commerce. (16) The term “State” means each of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealths of Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and any other Commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States. (17) The term “Treaty” means the Treaty on Fisheries Between the Governments of Certain Pacific Island States and the Government of the United States of America, signed in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea, April 2, 1987, and its Annexes, Schedules, and implementing agreements. (18) The term “Treaty Area” means the area so described in paragraph l(k) of Article 1 of the Treaty.Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(a) · 139 Stat. 1914
Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 973(4)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(a), substituted “noticed and in effect in accordance with” for “described in paragraph 1(a) of Annex I of”
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Par. (4). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(a), substituted “noticed and in effect in accordance with” for “described in paragraph 1(a) of Annex I of”.Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(b) · 139 Stat. 1914
Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 973(5)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(b), substituted “area within the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party that is closed to vessels pursuant to a national law of that Pacific Island Party and is noticed and in effect in accordance with” for “of the closed areas identified in Schedule 2 of Annex I of”
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Par. (5). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(b), substituted “area within the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party that is closed to vessels pursuant to a national law of that Pacific Island Party and is noticed and in effect in accordance with” for “of the closed areas identified in Schedule 2 of Annex I of”.Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(c)(1) · 139 Stat. 1914
Inserted · 16 U.S.C. § 973(6)(C)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(c)(1), inserted “for any purpose” after “harvesting of fish”
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(c)(1), inserted “for any purpose” after “harvesting of fish”.Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(c)(2) · 139 Stat. 1914
Amended · 16 U.S.C. § 973(6)(F)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(c)(2), amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: “aircraft use, relating to the activities described in this paragraph except for flights in emergencies involving the health or safety of crew members or the safety of a vessel.”
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Par. (6)(F). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(c)(2), amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: “aircraft use, relating to the activities described in this paragraph except for flights in emergencies involving the health or safety of crew members or the safety of a vessel.”Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(d) · 139 Stat. 1914
Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 973(7)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(d), substituted “commercial purse seine fishing for tuna” for “commercial fishing”
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Par. (7). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(d), substituted “commercial purse seine fishing for tuna” for “commercial fishing”.Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(e) · 139 Stat. 1914
Substituted · 16 U.S.C. § 973(8)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(e), substituted “under the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party, except for internal waters, territorial seas, archipelagic waters, and any Closed Area.” for “in the Treaty Area except for—
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Par. (8). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(e), substituted “under the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party, except for internal waters, territorial seas, archipelagic waters, and any Closed Area.” for “in the Treaty Area except for—“(A) those waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in accordance with international law; “(B) those waters within Closed Areas; and “(C) those waters within Limited Areas closed to fishing.”
Pub. L. 119–60 § 8412(f) · 139 Stat. 1914
Added · 16 U.S.C. § 973(10)(18)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(f), (g), added par. (13)
Redesignated · 16 U.S.C. § 973(10)(18)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(f), (g), redesignated former pars. (11) and (12) as (10) and (11), respectively, par. (14) as (12), and pars. (15) to (17) as (14) to (16), respectively
Struck · 16 U.S.C. § 973(10)(18)
Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(f), (g), struck out former pars. (10), (13), and (18), which defined, respectively, “Limited Area”, “Party”, and “Treaty Area”
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pars. (10) to (18). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(f), (g), added par. (13), redesignated former pars. (11) and (12) as (10) and (11), respectively, par. (14) as (12), and pars. (15) to (17) as (14) to (16), respectively, and struck out former pars. (10), (13), and (18), which defined, respectively, “Limited Area”, “Party”, and “Treaty Area”.
1 of 10 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 9 unresolved
Editorial Notes
Amendments
2025—Par. (4). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(a), substituted “noticed and in effect in accordance with” for “described in paragraph 1(a) of Annex I of”.
Par. (5). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(b), substituted “area within the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party that is closed to vessels pursuant to a national law of that Pacific Island Party and is noticed and in effect in accordance with” for “of the closed areas identified in Schedule 2 of Annex I of”.
Par. (6)(C). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(c)(1), inserted “for any purpose” after “harvesting of fish”.
Par. (6)(F). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(c)(2), amended subpar. (F) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (F) read as follows: “aircraft use, relating to the activities described in this paragraph except for flights in emergencies involving the health or safety of crew members or the safety of a vessel.”
Par. (7). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(d), substituted “commercial purse seine fishing for tuna” for “commercial fishing”.
Par. (8). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(e), substituted “under the jurisdiction of a Pacific Island Party, except for internal waters, territorial seas, archipelagic waters, and any Closed Area.” for “in the Treaty Area except for—
“(A) those waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States in accordance with international law;
“(B) those waters within Closed Areas; and
“(C) those waters within Limited Areas closed to fishing.”
Pars. (10) to (18). Pub. L. 119–60, § 8412(f), (g), added par. (13), redesignated former pars. (11) and (12) as (10) and (11), respectively, par. (14) as (12), and pars. (15) to (17) as (14) to (16), respectively, and struck out former pars. (10), (13), and (18), which defined, respectively, “Limited Area”, “Party”, and “Treaty Area”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
Pub. L. 100–330, § 21, , 102 Stat. 601, provided that:
“(a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, this Act [enacting this chapter] shall be effective on the date on which the Treaty enters into force for the United States. [The Treaty entered into force for the United States .]
“(b) (1) The authority to promulgate regulations pursuant to this Act shall be effective on the date of enactment of this Act [].
“(2) Any regulation promulgated pursuant to this Act shall not be effective before the date on which the Treaty enters into force for the United States.”
Short Title
Pub. L. 100–330, § 1, , 102 Stat. 591, provided: “That this Act [enacting this chapter] may be cited as the ‘South Pacific Tuna Act of 1988’.”
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of , as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.
Credits
1988–2025 · 2 acts
- 1988Pub. L. 100–330, § 2, , 102 Stat. 591
- 2025Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8412, , 139 Stat. 1914.
Show as published
(Pub. L. 100–330, § 2, , 102 Stat. 591; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXIV, § 8412, , 139 Stat. 1914.)