§ 1111. Murder

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1948

   Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683

   Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 1111

   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 756

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 756

2. 1984

   Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984

   Pub. L. 98–473 title II § 1004 · 98 Stat. 1837

   Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(a)

   Pub. L. 98–473 inserted “escape, murder, kidnapping, treason, espionage, sabotage,” after “arson”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–473 inserted “escape, murder, kidnapping, treason, espionage, sabotage,” after “arson”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 1004. Section 1111 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by adding after the word “arson” the words “escape, murder, kidnaping, treason, espionage, sabotage,”.

3. 1986

   Criminal Law and Procedure Technical Amendments Act of 1986

   Pub. L. 99–646 § 87(c)(4) · 100 Stat. 3592

   1. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(a)

      Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 amended subsec. (a) identically

   2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(a)

      Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 substituting “aggravated sexual abuse or sexual abuse” for “, rape”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 amended subsec. (a) identically, substituting “aggravated sexual abuse or sexual abuse” for “, rape”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (4) in subsection (a) of section 1111 by striking out “, rape” and inserting in lieu thereof “aggravated sexual abuse or sexual abuse”;

   Effective date note
   Amendments by Pub. L. 99–646 and Pub. L. 99–654 effective respectively 30 days after Nov. 10, 1986, and 30 days after Nov. 14, 1986, see section 87(e) of Pub. L. 99–646 and section 4 of Pub. L. 99–654, set out as an Effective Date note under section 2241 of this title.

4. 1988

   Minor and Technical Criminal Law Amendments Act of 1988

   Pub. L. 100–690 title VII § 7025 · 102 Stat. 4181

   Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(a)

   Pub. L. 100–690 inserted a comma after “arson”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–690 inserted a comma after “arson”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 7025. PUNCTUATION CORRECTION IN SECTION 1111. Section 1111(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting a comma after “arson”.

5. 1994

   Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 title VI § 60003(a)(4) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Added · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(b)

   Pub. L. 103–322 amended second par. generally. Prior to amendment, second par. read as follows: “Whoever is guilty of murder in the first degree, shall suffer death unless the jury qualifies its verdict by adding thereto ‘without capital punishment’, in which event he shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life;”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322 amended second par. generally. Prior to amendment, second par. read as follows: “Whoever is guilty of murder in the first degree, shall suffer death unless the jury qualifies its verdict by adding thereto ‘without capital punishment’, in which event he shall be sentenced to imprisonment for life;”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (4) Murder.— The second undesignated paragraph of section 1111(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “Whoever is guilty of murder in the first degree shall be punished by death or by imprisonment for life;”.

6. 2003

   Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

   Pub. L. 108–21 § 102(1) · 117 Stat. 650

   Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(a)

   Pub. L. 108–21, § 102(1), inserted “child abuse,” after “or sexual abuse,” and “or perpetrated as part of a pattern or practice of assault or torture against a child or children;” after “robbery;”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–21, § 102(1), inserted “child abuse,” after “or sexual abuse,” and “or perpetrated as part of a pattern or practice of assault or torture against a child or children;” after “robbery;”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in subsection (a)— (A) by inserting “child abuse,” after “sexual abuse,”; and (B) by inserting “or perpetrated as part of a pattern or practice of assault or torture against a child or children;” after “robbery;”; and

7. 2003

   Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

   Pub. L. 108–21 § 102(2) · 117 Stat. 650

   Added · 18 U.S.C. § 1111(c)

   Pub. L. 108–21, § 102(2), added subsec. (c)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 108–21, § 102(2), added subsec. (c).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by inserting at the end the following: “(c) For purposes of this section— “(1) the term ‘assault’ has the same meaning as given that term in section 113; “(2) the term ‘child’ means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years and is— “(A) under the perpetrator’s care or control; or “(B) at least six years younger than the perpetrator; “(3) the term ‘child abuse’ means intentionally or knowingly causing death or serious bodily injury to a child; “(4) the term ‘pattern or practice of assault or torture’ means assault or torture engaged in on at least two occasions; “(5) the term ‘serious bodily injury’ has the meaning set forth in section 1365; and “(6) the term ‘torture’ means conduct, whether or not committed under the color of law, that otherwise satisfies the definition set forth in section 2340(1).” .

7 of 8 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial