§ 1752. Restricted building or grounds

Footnotes

1. 1 So in original. The word “or” probably should not appear.
2. 2 So in original. Probably should be followed by “or”.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1971

   Omnibus Crime Control Act of 1970

   Pub. L. 91–644 title V § 18 · 84 Stat. 1880

   Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752

   Added Pub. L. 91–644, title V, § 18, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1891

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 91–644, title V, § 18, Jan. 2, 1971, 84 Stat. 1891

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 18. Title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding the following new section after section 1751: 79 Stat. 580. “§1752. Temporary residence of the President (a) It shall be unlawful for any person or group of persons— “(1) willfully and knowingly to enter or remain in “(i) any building or grounds designated by the Secretary of the Treasury as temporary residences of the President or as temporary offices of the President and his staff, or “(ii) any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area of a building or grounds where the President is or will be temporarily visiting, in violation of the regulations governing ingress or egress thereto: “(2) with intent to impede or disrupt the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions, to engage in disorderly or disruptive conduct in, or within such proximity to, any building or grounds designated in paragraph (1) when, or so that, such conduct, in fact, impedes or disrupts the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions; “(3) willfully and knowingly to obstruct or impede ingress or egress to or from any building, grounds, or area designated or enumerated in paragraph (1); or “(4) willfully and knowingly to engage in any act of physical violence against any person or property in any building, grounds, or area designated or enumerated in paragraph (1). “(b) Violation of this section, and attempts or conspiracies to commit such violations, shall be punishable by a fine not exceeding $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both. “(c) Violation of this section, and attempts or conspiracies to commit such violations, shall be prosecuted by the United States attorney in the Federal district con it having jurisdiction of the place where, the offense occurred. “(d) The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized— “(1) to designate by regulations the buildings and grounds which constitute the temporary residences of the President and the temporary offices of the President and his staff, and “(2) to prescribe regulations governing ingress or egress to such buildings and grounds and to posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted areas where the President is or will be temporarily visiting. “(e) None of the laws of the United States or of the several States and the District of Columbia shall be superseded by this section.”

2. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–308 § 1(a) · 96 Stat. 1451

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752

   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(a), substituted “Temporary residences and offices of the President and others” for “Temporary residence of the President” in section catchline

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(a), substituted “Temporary residences and offices of the President and others” for “Temporary residence of the President” in section catchline.

3. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–308 § 1(b) · 96 Stat. 1451

   Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1)(i)

   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(b), made one’s presence unlawful at designated temporary residences and temporary offices of any other person protected by the Secret Service

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(1)(i). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(b), made one’s presence unlawful at designated temporary residences and temporary offices of any other person protected by the Secret Service.

4. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–308 § 1(c) · 96 Stat. 1451

   Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1)(ii)

   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(c), inserted “or other person protected by the Secret Service” after “President”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(1)(ii). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(c), inserted “or other person protected by the Secret Service” after “President”.

5. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–308 § 1(d) · 96 Stat. 1451

   Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(d)(1)

   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(d), authorized regulations for designation of the temporary residences and the temporary offices of any other person protected by the Secret Service

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(d), authorized regulations for designation of the temporary residences and the temporary offices of any other person protected by the Secret Service.

6. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–308 § 1(e) · 96 Stat. 1451

   Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(d)(2)

   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(e), inserted “or other person protected by the Secret Service” after “President”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(e), inserted “or other person protected by the Secret Service” after “President”.

7. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–308 § 1(f) · 96 Stat. 1451

   Added · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(f)

   Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(f), added subsec. (f)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–308, § 1(f), added subsec. (f).

8. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–587 § 3(b) · 98 Stat. 3110

   1. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(f)

      Pub. L. 98–587 amended subsec. (f) generally

   2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(f)

      Pub. L. 98–587 substituting “any person whom the United States Secret Service is authorized to protect under section 3056 of this title when such person has not declined such protection” for “any person authorized by section 3056 of this title or by Public Law 90–331, as amended, to receive the protection of the United States Secret Service when such person has not declined such protection pursuant to section 3056 of this title or pursuant to Public Law 90–331, as amended”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 98–587 amended subsec. (f) generally, substituting “any person whom the United States Secret Service is authorized to protect under section 3056 of this title when such person has not declined such protection” for “any person authorized by section 3056 of this title or by Public Law 90–331, as amended, to receive the protection of the United States Secret Service when such person has not declined such protection pursuant to section 3056 of this title or pursuant to Public Law 90–331, as amended”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Section 1752(f) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “(f) As used in this section, the term ‘other person protected by the Secret Service’ means any person whom the United States Secret Service is authorized to protect under section 3056 of this title when such person has not declined such protection.”.

9. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII § 330016(1)(G) · 108 Stat. 1796

   1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(b)

      Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “under this title” for “not more than $500” to reflect the probable intent of Congress

   2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(b)

      Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “under this title” for “not exceeding $500” to reflect the probable intent of Congress

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, which directed the amendment of this section by substituting “under this title” for “not more than $500”, was executed in subsec. (b) by substituting “under this title” for “not exceeding $500” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (G) in sections 4, 41, 42, 46, 47, 112, 154, 244, 288, 290, 336, 475, 501, 502, 755, 872, 875, 876, 877, 917, 1013, 1018, 1024, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1382, 1541, 1700, 1703, 1704, 1707, 1712, 1713, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1729, 1731, 1734, 1752, 1793, 1856, 1857, 1863, 1912, 1913, 1922, 2074, 2195, and 2511 by striking “not more than $500” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

10. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(b)(1) · 120 Stat. 192

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752

    Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(b)(1), substituted “Restricted building or grounds” for “Temporary residences and offices of the President and others” in section catchline

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(b)(1), substituted “Restricted building or grounds” for “Temporary residences and offices of the President and others” in section catchline.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) The heading of such section is amended to read as follows: “§ 1752. Restricted building or grounds” .

11. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(a)(1)(A) · 120 Stat. 192

    Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(1)

    Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “willfully and knowingly to enter or remain in

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(A), amended par. (1) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (1) read as follows: “willfully and knowingly to enter or remain in

    “(i) any building or grounds designated by the Secretary of the Treasury as temporary residences of the President or other person protected by the Secret Service or as temporary offices of the President and his staff or of any other person protected by the Secret Service, or “(ii) any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area of a building or grounds where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting, in violation of the regulations governing ingress or egress thereto:”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows: “(1) willfully and knowingly to enter or remain in any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area of a building or grounds where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting;” ;

12. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(a)(1)(C) · 120 Stat. 192

    Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(2)

    Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(C), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(C), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following new paragraph: “(2) willfully and knowingly to enter or remain in any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area of a building or grounds so restricted in conjunction with an event designated as a special event of national significance;” ;

13. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(a)(1)(B) · 120 Stat. 192

    1. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(3)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (D), redesignated par. (2) as (3)

    2. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(3)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (D), inserted “willfully, knowingly, and” before “with intent to impede or disrupt”

    3. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(3)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (D), substituted “described in paragraph (1) or (2)” for “designated in paragraph (1)”. Former par. (3) redesignated (4)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (D), redesignated par. (2) as (3), inserted “willfully, knowingly, and” before “with intent to impede or disrupt”, and substituted “described in paragraph (1) or (2)” for “designated in paragraph (1)”. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) as paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively;

14. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(a)(1)(B) · 120 Stat. 192

    1. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(4); 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(5)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (E), (F), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(4); 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(5)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (E), (F), substituted “described in paragraph (1) or (2)” for “designated or enumerated in paragraph (1)” in each par

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4), (5). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(1)(B), (E), (F), redesignated pars. (3) and (4) as (4) and (5), respectively, and substituted “described in paragraph (1) or (2)” for “designated or enumerated in paragraph (1)” in each par.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) as paragraphs (3), (4), and (5), respectively;

15. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(a)(2) · 120 Stat. 192

    Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(b)

    Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Violation of this section, and attempts or conspiracies to commit such violations, shall be punishable by a fine under this title or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(2), amended subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, subsec. (b) read as follows: “Violation of this section, and attempts or conspiracies to commit such violations, shall be punishable by a fine under this title or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: “(b) Violation of this section, and attempts or conspiracies to commit such violations, shall be punishable by— “(1) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, if— “(A) the person, during and in relation to the offense, uses or carries a deadly or dangerous weapon or firearm; or “(B) the offense results in significant bodily injury as defined by section 2118(e)(3); and “(2) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, in any other case.” ; and

16. 2006

    Secret Service Authorization and Technical Modification Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–177 § 602(a)(3) · 120 Stat. 192

    1. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(d)(f)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(3), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively

    2. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(d)(f)

       Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(3), struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: “The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized—

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 109–177, § 602(a)(3), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (d) and (e), respectively, and struck out former subsec. (d) which read as follows: “The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized—

    “(1) to designate by regulations the buildings and grounds which constitute the temporary residences of the President or other person protected by the Secret Service and the temporary offices of the President and his staff or of any other person protected by the Secret Service, and “(2) to prescribe regulations governing ingress or egress to such buildings and grounds and to posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted areas where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) by striking subsection (d) and redesignating subsections (e) and (f) as subsections (d) and (e), respectively.

17. 2012

    Federal Restricted Buildings and Grounds Improvement Act of 2011

    Pub. L. 112–98 § 2 · 126 Stat. 263

    Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 1752

    Pub. L. 112–98 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to unlawful activities on restricted buildings or grounds

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 112–98 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to unlawful activities on restricted buildings or grounds.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 2. RESTRICTED BUILDING OR GROUNDS.   Section 1752 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 1752. Restricted building or grounds “(a) Whoever— “(1) knowingly enters or remains in any restricted building or grounds without lawful authority to do so; “(2) knowingly, and with intent to impede or disrupt the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions, engages in disorderly or disruptive conduct in, or within such proximity to, any restricted building or grounds when, or so that, such conduct, in fact, impedes or disrupts the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions; “(3) knowingly, and with the intent to impede or disrupt the orderly conduct of Government business or official functions, obstructs or impedes ingress or egress to or from any restricted building or grounds; or “(4) knowingly engages in any act of physical violence against any person or property in any restricted building or grounds; or attempts or conspires to do so, shall be punished as provided in subsection (b). “(b) The punishment for a violation of subsection (a) is— “(1) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than 10 years, or both, if— “(A) the person, during and in relation to the offense, uses or carries a deadly or dangerous weapon or firearm; or “(B) the offense results in significant bodily injury as defined by section 2118(e)(3); and “(2) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not more than one year, or both, in any other case. “(c) In this section— “(1) the term ‘restricted buildings or grounds’ means any posted, cordoned off, or otherwise restricted area— “(A) of the White House or its grounds, or the Vice President’s official residence or its grounds; “(B) of a building or grounds where the President or other person protected by the Secret Service is or will be temporarily visiting; or “(C) of a building or grounds so restricted in conjunction with an event designated as a special event of national significance; and “(2) the term ‘other person protected by the Secret Service’ means any person whom the United States Secret Service is authorized to protect under section 3056 of this title or by Presidential memorandum, when such person has not declined such protection.” .

18. 2018

    FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–254 div. B title III § 381 · 132 Stat. 3187

    Added · 18 U.S.C. § 1752(a)(5)

    Pub. L. 115–254 added par. (5)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 115–254 added par. (5).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 381. UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS IN RESTRICTED BUILDINGS OR GROUNDS.   Section 1752 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding after subsection (a)(4) the following: “(5) knowingly and willfully operates an unmanned aircraft system with the intent to knowingly and willfully direct or otherwise cause such unmanned aircraft system to enter or operate within or above a restricted building or grounds;” .

18 of 24 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 6 partial