§ 2156. Production of defective national-defense material, national-defense premises, or national-defense utilities

Statutory text

Whoever, with intent to injure, interfere with, or obstruct the national defense of the United States, willfully makes, constructs, or attempts to make or construct in a defective manner, any national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, or any tool, implement, machine, utensil, or receptacle used or employed in making, producing, manufacturing, or repairing any such national-defense material, national-defense premises or national-defense utilities, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.

If two or more persons conspire to violate this section, and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the object of the conspiracy, each of the parties to such conspiracy shall be punished as provided in subsection (a) of this section.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1948
Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683
Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 2156
June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 800
Source evidence
Code source credit
June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 800
1994
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII § 330016(1)(L) · 108 Stat. 1796
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2156(a)
Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(L) in sections 33, 224, 231, 241, 245, 246, 286, 289, 332, 335, 337, 351, 371, 437, 440, 441, 493, 496, 500, 510, 545, 595, 599, 600, 601, 641, 664, 665, 667, 757, 792, 793, 798, 844, 892, 893, 894, 924, 952, 955, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 970, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1019, 1020, 1022, 1023, 1027, 1082, 1084, 1115, 1202, 1361, 1362, 1364, 1365, 1385, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1587, 1623, 1654, 1656, 1735, 1737, 1751, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1910, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1992, 2101, 2113, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2231, 2232, 2271, 2274, 2275, 2314, 2315, 2383, 2386, 2387, 2388, and 2512 by striking “not more than $10,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;
1996
Economic Espionage Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–294 title VI § 601(f)(12) · 110 Stat. 3488
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2156
Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “, or” for “or” in section catchline
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “, or” for “or” in section catchline.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(12) The headings for sections 2155 and 2156 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “or” and inserting “, or”.

2 of 3 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial

Notes

Historical and Revision Notes

Based on section 106 of title 50, U.S.C., 1940 ed., War and National Defense (Apr. 20, 1918, ch. 59, § 6, as added Nov. 30, 1940, ch. 926, 54 Stat. 1221).

Reference to persons causing or procuring was omitted as unnecessary in view of definition of “principal” in section 2 of this title.

Words “upon conviction thereof” were omitted as unnecessary, since punishment cannot be imposed until a conviction is secured.

Minor changes were made in phraseology.

Editorial Notes

Amendments1954–1996 · 3 rounds

1996

Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “, or” for “or” in section catchline.

1994

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

1954

Act Sept. 3, 1954, inserted conspiracy provisions.

Credits

1948–1996 · 4 acts

1948June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 800
1954Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1261, title I, § 105, 68 Stat. 1218
1994Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147
1996Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(f)(12), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3500.

Show as published

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 800; Sept. 3, 1954, ch. 1261, title I, § 105, 68 Stat. 1218; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 601(f)(12), Oct. 11, 1996, 110 Stat. 3500.)