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Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I · Chapter 31 — Embezzlement and Theft

§ 664. Theft or embezzlement from employee benefit plan

Statutory text

Any person who embezzles, steals, or unlawfully and willfully abstracts or converts to his own use or to the use of another, any of the moneys, funds, securities, premiums, credits, property, or other assets of any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan, or of any fund connected therewith, shall be fined under this title, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

As used in this section, the term “any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan” means any employee benefit plan subject to any provision of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act Amendments of 1962

    Pub. L. 87–420 § 17(a) · 76 Stat. 35

    Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 664

    Added Pub. L. 87–420, § 17(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 41

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Added Pub. L. 87–420, § 17(a), Mar. 20, 1962, 76 Stat. 41

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Chapter 31 of title 18, United States Code, as amended, 18 USC 641–663. is amended by adding a new section captioned and reading as follows: “§664. Theft or embezzlement from employee benefit plan “Any person who embezzles, steals, or unlawfully and willfully abstracts or converts to his own use or to the use of another, any of the moneys, funds, securities, premiums, credits, property, or other assets of any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan, or of any fund connected therewith, shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. “As used in this section, the term ‘any employee welfare benefit plan or employee pension benefit plan’ means any such plan subject to the provisions of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act.”

  2. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974

    Pub. L. 93–406 § 112(a)(2)(A) · 88 Stat. 829

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 664

    Pub. L. 93–406, § 112(a)(2)(A), formerly § 111(a)(2)(A), as renumbered by Pub. L. 117–328, substituted “any employee benefit plan subject to any provision of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” for “any such plan subject to the provisions of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 93–406, § 112(a)(2)(A), formerly § 111(a)(2)(A), as renumbered by Pub. L. 117–328, substituted “any employee benefit plan subject to any provision of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” for “any such plan subject to the provisions of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) Section 664 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking out “any such plan subject to the provisions of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act” and inserting in lieu thereof “any employee benefit plan subject to any provision of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974”.

  3. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII § 330016(1)(L) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 664

    Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (L) in sections 33, 224, 231, 241, 245, 246, 286, 289, 332, 335, 337, 351, 371, 437, 440, 441, 493, 496, 500, 510, 545, 595, 599, 600, 601, 641, 664, 665, 667, 757, 792, 793, 798, 844, 892, 893, 894, 924, 952, 955, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 970, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1019, 1020, 1022, 1023, 1027, 1082, 1084, 1115, 1202, 1361, 1362, 1364, 1365, 1385, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1587, 1623, 1654, 1656, 1735, 1737, 1751, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1910, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1992, 2101, 2113, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2231, 2232, 2271, 2274, 2275, 2314, 2315, 2383, 2386, 2387, 2388, and 2512 by striking “not more than $10,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

3 of 3 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 93–406, , 88 Stat. 829. Title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 1001 et seq.) of chapter 18 of Title 29, Labor. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1001 of Title 29 and Tables.

Amendments1974–1994 · 2 rounds

1994

Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $10,000”.

1974

Pub. L. 93–406, § 112(a)(2)(A), formerly § 111(a)(2)(A), as renumbered by Pub. L. 117–328, substituted “any employee benefit plan subject to any provision of title I of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974” for “any such plan subject to the provisions of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–328 applicable to plan years beginning after , see section 320(c) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 414 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Effective Date of 1974 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 93–406 effective , except as provided in section 1031(b)(2) of Title 29, Labor, see section 1031(b)(1) of Title 29.

Effective Date

Pub. L. 87–420, § 19, , 76 Stat. 43, provided that: “The amendments made by this Act [see Short Title note below] shall take effect ninety days after the enactment of this Act [], except that section 13 of the Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act [section 308d of Title 29, Labor] shall take effect one hundred eighty days after such date of enactment.”

Short Title

Pub. L. 87–420, § 1, , 76 Stat. 35, provided: “That this Act [enacting this section, sections 1027 and 1954 of this title, and sections 308a to 308f of Title 29, Labor, amending sections 302 to 308 and 309 of Title 29, and renumbering sections 10 to 12 of Pub. L. 85–536, classified to section 309 of Title 29 and as notes under section 301 of Title 29], may be cited as the ‘Welfare and Pension Plans Disclosure Act Amendments of 1962’.”

Credits

1962–1994 · 3 acts
  1. 1962Added Pub. L. 87–420, § 17(a), , 76 Stat. 41
  2. 1974amended Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 112(a)(2)(A), formerly § 111(a)(2)(A), , 88 Stat. 851, renumbered § 112(a)(2)(A), Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 320(a)(1), , 136 Stat. 5354
  3. 1994Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), , 108 Stat. 2147.
Show as published

(Added Pub. L. 87–420, § 17(a), , 76 Stat. 41; amended Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 112(a)(2)(A), formerly § 111(a)(2)(A), , 88 Stat. 851, renumbered § 112(a)(2)(A), Pub. L. 117–328, div. T, title III, § 320(a)(1), , 136 Stat. 5354; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(L), , 108 Stat. 2147.)

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