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Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I · Chapter 33 — Emblems, Insignia, and Names

§ 712. Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia

Statutory text

Whoever, in the course of collecting or aiding in the collection of private debts or obligations, or being engaged in furnishing private police, investigation, or other private detective services, uses or employs in any communication, correspondence, notice, advertisement, or circular the words “national”, “Federal”, or “United States”, the initials “U.S.”, or any emblem, insignia, or name, for the purpose of conveying and in a manner reasonably calculated to convey the false impression that such communication is from a department, agency, bureau, or instrumentality of the United States or in any manner represents the United States, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 86–291 § 1 · 73 Stat. 568

    Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 712

    Added Pub. L. 86–291, § 1, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 570

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Added Pub. L. 86–291, § 1, Sept. 21, 1959, 73 Stat. 570

  2. Pub. L. 93–147 § 1(a) · 87 Stat. 554

    1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 712

      Pub. L. 93–147 substituted “Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia” for “Misuse of names by collecting agencies or private detective agencies to indicate Federal agency” in section catchline

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 712

      Pub. L. 93–147 substituted “in the course” and “such communication is from a department” for “being engaged in the business” and “such business is a department” respectively

    3. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 712

      Pub. L. 93–147 struck out “as part of the firm name of such business,” after “detective services, uses”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 93–147 substituted “Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia” for “Misuse of names by collecting agencies or private detective agencies to indicate Federal agency” in section catchline and substituted “in the course” and “such communication is from a department” for “being engaged in the business” and “such business is a department” respectively, and struck out “as part of the firm name of such business,” after “detective services, uses”.

  3. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII § 330016(1)(H) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 712

    Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (H) in sections 81, 210, 211, 215, 217, 242, 245, 291, 292, 439, 442, 480, 483, 484, 490, 491, 494, 495, 503, 507, 510, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 604, 605, 641, 643, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 665, 712, 751, 752, 756, 795, 796, 797, 836, 844, 871, 875, 876, 877, 879, 911, 912, 913, 924, 957, 959, 961, 1003, 1012, 1021, 1025, 1026, 1071, 1112, 1163, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1301, 1302, 1304, 1306, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1361, 1363, 1384, 1504, 1508, 1509, 1657, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1711, 1715, 1716, 1733, 1738, 1761, 1762, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2382, and 2389 by striking “not more than $1,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

1 of 5 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 4 partial

Editorial Notes

Amendments1973–1994 · 2 rounds

1994

Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000”.

1973

Pub. L. 93–147 substituted “Misuse of names, words, emblems, or insignia” for “Misuse of names by collecting agencies or private detective agencies to indicate Federal agency” in section catchline and substituted “in the course” and “such communication is from a department” for “being engaged in the business” and “such business is a department” respectively, and struck out “as part of the firm name of such business,” after “detective services, uses”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date

Pub. L. 86–291, § 2, , 73 Stat. 570, provided that: “The provisions of this section [enacting this section] shall become effective sixty days from the enactment thereof [].”

Credits

1959–1994 · 3 acts
  1. 1959Added Pub. L. 86–291, § 1, , 73 Stat. 570
  2. 1973amended Pub. L. 93–147, § 1(a), , 87 Stat. 554
  3. 1994Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), , 108 Stat. 2147.
Show as published

(Added Pub. L. 86–291, § 1, , 73 Stat. 570; amended Pub. L. 93–147, § 1(a), , 87 Stat. 554; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330016(1)(H), , 108 Stat. 2147.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc18.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-05-04

USLM identifier /us/usc/t18/s712