§ 879. Threats against former Presidents and certain other persons

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1982

   Pub. L. 97–297 § 1(a) · 96 Stat. 1317

   Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 879

   Added Pub. L. 97–297, § 1(a), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1317

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 97–297, § 1(a), Oct. 12, 1982, 96 Stat. 1317

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking out “and 871 of this title” and inserting in lieu thereof “871, and 879 of this title”; and

2. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–587 § 3(a) · 98 Stat. 3110

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(b)(2)

   Pub. L. 98–587 substituted “subsection (a)(7) of section 3056 of this title” for “the first section of the joint resolution entitled ‘Joint resolution to authorize the United States Secret Service to furnish protection to major Presidential or Vice Presidential candidates’, approved June 6, 1968 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note)”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–587 substituted “subsection (a)(7) of section 3056 of this title” for “the first section of the joint resolution entitled ‘Joint resolution to authorize the United States Secret Service to furnish protection to major Presidential or Vice Presidential candidates’, approved June 6, 1968 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note)”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Section 879(b)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking out “the first section of the joint resolution entitled ‘Joint resolution to authorize the United States Secret Service to furnish protection to major Presidential or Vice Presidential candidates’, approved June 6, 1968 (18 U.S.C. 3056 note)” and inserting in lieu thereof “subsection (a)(7) of section 3056 of this title”.

3. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII § 330016(1)(H) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(a)

   Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in concluding provisions

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “fined under this title” for “fined not more than $1,000” in concluding provisions.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (H) in sections 81, 210, 211, 215, 217, 242, 245, 291, 292, 439, 442, 480, 483, 484, 490, 491, 494, 495, 503, 507, 510, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 604, 605, 641, 643, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 665, 712, 751, 752, 756, 795, 796, 797, 836, 844, 871, 875, 876, 877, 879, 911, 912, 913, 924, 957, 959, 961, 1003, 1012, 1021, 1025, 1026, 1071, 1112, 1163, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1301, 1302, 1304, 1306, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1361, 1363, 1384, 1504, 1508, 1509, 1657, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1711, 1715, 1716, 1733, 1738, 1761, 1762, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2382, and 2389 by striking “not more than $1,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

4. 2000

   Pub. L. 106–544 § 2(b)(1) · 114 Stat. 2715

   Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 879

   Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(b)(1), struck out “protected by the Secret Service” after “other persons” in section catchline

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(b)(1), struck out “protected by the Secret Service” after “other persons” in section catchline.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) Heading.— The heading for section 879 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “protected by the Secret Service”.

5. 2000

   Pub. L. 106–544 § 2(a)(1) · 114 Stat. 2715

   1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(a)

      Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(1)–(4), in par. (3), substituted “a member of the immediate family” for “the spouse”

   2. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 879(a)

      Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(1)–(4), in par. (3), added par. (4), and, in concluding provisions

   3. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 879(a)

      Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(1)–(4), in par. (3), struck out “who is protected by the Secret Service as provided by law,” before “shall be fined”

   4. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(a)

      Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(1)–(4), in par. (3), substituted “5 years” for “three years”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(1)–(4), in par. (3), substituted “a member of the immediate family” for “the spouse”, added par. (4), and, in concluding provisions, struck out “who is protected by the Secret Service as provided by law,” before “shall be fined” and substituted “5 years” for “three years”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking “or” at the end of subsection (a)(2);

6. 2000

   Pub. L. 106–544 § 2(a)(5) · 114 Stat. 2715

   1. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(b)(1)(B)

      Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(5), in introductory provisions, inserted “and (a)(3)” after “subsection (a)(2)”

   2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(b)(1)(B)

      Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(5), in introductory provisions, substituted “Vice President-elect, or major candidate for the office of President or Vice President” for “or Vice President-elect”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–544, § 2(a)(5), in introductory provisions, inserted “and (a)(3)” after “subsection (a)(2)” and substituted “Vice President-elect, or major candidate for the office of President or Vice President” for “or Vice President-elect”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (5) in subsection (b)(1)(B)— (A) by inserting “and (a)(3)” after “subsection (a)(2)”; and (B) by striking “or Vice President-elect” and inserting “Vice President-elect, or major candidate for the office of President or Vice President”.

7. 2022

   21st Century President Act

   Pub. L. 117–272 § 2 · 136 Stat. 4181

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 879(b)(1)(A)

   Pub. L. 117–272 substituted “the spouse of a former President during a former President’s lifetime, the surviving spouse of a former President until the surviving spouse’s death or remarriage” for “the wife of a former President during his lifetime, the widow of a former President until her death or remarriage”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–272 substituted “the spouse of a former President during a former President’s lifetime, the surviving spouse of a former President until the surviving spouse’s death or remarriage” for “the wife of a former President during his lifetime, the widow of a former President until her death or remarriage”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 2. MODERNIZATION OF TERMS RELATING TO THE PRESIDENT AND THE SPOUSE OF A PRESIDENT.   Section 879(b)(1)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “the wife of a former President during his lifetime, the widow of a former President until her death or remarriage” and inserting “the spouse of a former President during a former President’s lifetime, the surviving spouse of a former President until the surviving spouse’s death or remarriage”.

11 of 11 references resolved to an enrolled provision