Skip to content

Title 2 — The Congress

Part A · Chapter 24 — Congressional Accountability

§ 1316. Rights and protections relating to veterans’ employment and reemployment

Statutory text

(a)

Employment and reemployment rights of members of uniformed services

(1)

In general

It shall be unlawful for an employing office to—

(A)

discriminate, within the meaning of subsections (a) and (b) of section 4311 of title 38, against an eligible employee;

(B)

deny to an eligible employee reemployment rights within the meaning of sections 4312 and 4313 of title 38; or

(C)

deny to an eligible employee benefits within the meaning of sections 4316, 4317, and 4318 of title 38.

(2)

Definitions

For purposes of this section—

(A)

the term “eligible employee” means a covered employee performing service in the uniformed services, within the meaning of section 4303(13) of title 38, whose service has not been terminated upon occurrence of any of the events enumerated in section 4304 of title 38,

(B)

the term “covered employee” includes employees of the Government Accountability Office, and

(C)

the term “employing office” includes the Government Accountability Office.

(b)

Remedy

The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) shall be such remedy as would be appropriate if awarded under section 4323(d) of title 38.

(c)

Regulations to implement section

(1)

In general

The Board shall, pursuant to section 1384 of this title, issue regulations to implement this section.

(2)

Agency regulations

The regulations issued under paragraph (1) shall be the same as substantive regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to implement the statutory provisions referred to in subsection (a) except to the extent that the Board may determine, for good cause shown and stated together with the regulation, that a modification of such regulations would be more effective for the implementation of the rights and protections under this section.

(d)

Effective date

(1)

In general

Except as provided in paragraph (2), subsections (a) and (b) shall be effective 1 year after .

(2)

Government Accountability Office and Library of Congress

This section shall be effective with respect to the Government Accountability Office and the Library of Congress 1 year after transmission to the Congress of the study under section 1371 of this title.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 104–1 title II § 206 · 109 Stat. 3

    Enacted · 2 U.S.C. § 1316

    Pub. L. 104–1, title II, § 206, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 12

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 104–1, title II, § 206, Jan. 23, 1995, 109 Stat. 12

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 206. RIGHTS AND PROTECTIONS RELATING TO VETERANS’ EMPLOYMENT AND REEMPLOYMENT. (a) Employment and Reemployment Rights of Members of the Uniformed Services.— (1) In general.— It shall be unlawful for an employing office to— (A) discriminate, within the meaning of subsections (a) and (b) of section 4311 of title 38, United States Code, against an eligible employee; (B) deny to an eligible employee reemployment rights within the meaning of sections 4312 and 4313 of title 38, United States Code; or (C) deny to an eligible employee benefits within the meaning of sections 4316, 4317, and 4318 of title 38, United States Code. (2) Definitions.— For purposes of this section— (A) the term “eligible employee” means a covered employee performing service in the uniformed services, within the meaning of section 4303(13) of title 38, United States Code, whose service has not been terminated upon occurrence of any of the events enumerated in section 4304 of title 38, United States Code, (B) the term “covered employee” includes employees of the General Accounting Office and the Library of Congress, and (C) the term “employing office” includes the General Accounting Office and the Library of Congress. (b) Remedy.— The remedy for a violation of subsection (a) shall be such remedy as would be appropriate if awarded under para-graphs (1), (2)(A), and (3) of section 4323(c) of title 38, United States Code. (c) Regulations To Implement Section.— (1) In general.— The Board shall, pursuant to section 304, issue regulations to implement this section. (2) Agency regulations.— The regulations issued under paragraph (1) shall be the same as substantive regulations promulgated by the Secretary of Labor to implement the statutory provisions referred to in subsection (a) except to the extent that the Board may determine, for good cause shown and stated together with the regulation, that a modification of such regulations would be more effective for the implementation of the rights and protections under this section. (d) Effective Date.— (1) In general.— Except as provided in paragraph (2), subsections (a) and (b) shall be effective 1 year after the date of the enactment of this Act. (2) General accounting office and library of congress.— This section shall be effective with respect to the General Accounting Office and the Library of Congress 1 year after transmission to the Congress of the study under section 230.

  2. GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–271 § 8(b) · 118 Stat. 811

    Substituted · 2 U.S.C. § 1316(a)(2)(B); 2 U.S.C. § 1316(a)(2)(C)

    Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) References.— Any reference to the General Accounting Office in any law, rule, regulation, certificate, directive, instruction, or other official paper in force on the date of enactment of this Act shall be considered to refer and apply to the Government Accountability Office.

  3. GAO Human Capital Reform Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–271 § 8(b) · 118 Stat. 811

    Substituted · 2 U.S.C. § 1316(d)(2)

    Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in heading and text

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in heading and text.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) References.— Any reference to the General Accounting Office in any law, rule, regulation, certificate, directive, instruction, or other official paper in force on the date of enactment of this Act shall be considered to refer and apply to the Government Accountability Office.

  4. Veterans’ Benefits Act of 2010

    Pub. L. 111–275 title VII § 703(b) · 124 Stat. 2864

    Substituted · 2 U.S.C. § 1316(b)

    Pub. L. 111–275 substituted “under section 4323(d) of title 38” for “under paragraphs (1), (2)(A), and (3) of section 4323(c) of title 38”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–275 substituted “under section 4323(d) of title 38” for “under paragraphs (1), (2)(A), and (3) of section 4323(c) of title 38”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Amendment to Congressional Accountability Act of 1995.— Section 206(b) of the Congressional Accountability Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1316(b)) is amended by striking “under paragraphs (1), (2)(A), and (3) of section 4323(c) of title 38, United States Code” and inserting “under section 4323(d) of title 38, United States Code”.

  5. Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2018

    Pub. L. 115–141 div. I title I § 153(a)(2)(C) · 132 Stat. 348

    Struck · 2 U.S.C. § 1316(a)(2)(B); 2 U.S.C. § 1316(a)(2)(C)

    Pub. L. 115–141 struck out “and the Library of Congress” after “the Government Accountability Office”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 115–141 struck out “and the Library of Congress” after “the Government Accountability Office”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) in section 206(a)(2) (2 U.S.C. 1316(a)(2))— (i) in subparagraph (B), by striking “and the Library of Congress”; and (ii) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and the Library of Congress”;

5 of 5 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

Amendments2004–2018 · 3 rounds

2018

Subsec. (a)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 115–141 struck out “and the Library of Congress” after “the Government Accountability Office”.

2010

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 111–275 substituted “under section 4323(d) of title 38” for “under paragraphs (1), (2)(A), and (3) of section 4323(c) of title 38”.

2004

Subsec. (a)(2)(B), (C). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office”.

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 108–271 substituted “Government Accountability Office” for “General Accounting Office” in heading and text.

Credits

1995–2018 · 4 acts
  1. 1995Pub. L. 104–1, title II, § 206, , 109 Stat. 12
  2. 2004Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), , 118 Stat. 814
  3. 2010Pub. L. 111–275, title VII, § 703(b), , 124 Stat. 2888
  4. 2018Pub. L. 115–141, div. I, title I, § 153(a)(2)(C), , 132 Stat. 785.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 104–1, title II, § 206, , 109 Stat. 12; Pub. L. 108–271, § 8(b), , 118 Stat. 814; Pub. L. 111–275, title VII, § 703(b), , 124 Stat. 2888; Pub. L. 115–141, div. I, title I, § 153(a)(2)(C), , 132 Stat. 785.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc02.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-04-17

USLM identifier /us/usc/t2/s1316