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119th Congress

Title 20 — Education

Part D · Chapter 28 — Higher Education Resources and Student Assistance

§ 1132. Definitions

Statutory text

(a)

Definitions

As used in this subchapter—

(1)

the term “area studies” means a program of comprehensive study of the aspects of a society or societies, including study of its history, culture, economy, politics, international relations and languages;

(2)

the term “comprehensive foreign language and area or international studies center” means an administrative unit of a university that contributes significantly to the national interest in advanced research and scholarship, employs a critical mass of scholars in diverse disciplines related to a geographic concentration, offers intensive language training in languages of its area specialization, maintains important library collections related to the area, and makes training available in language and area studies to a graduate, postgraduate, and undergraduate clientele; and 1

(3)

the term “educational programs abroad” means programs of study, internships, or service learning outside the United States which are part of a foreign language or other international curriculum at the undergraduate or graduate education levels;

(4)

the term “export education” means educating, teaching and training to provide general knowledge and specific skills pertinent to the selling of goods and services to other countries, including knowledge of market conditions, financial arrangements, laws and procedures;

(5)

the term “historically Black college and university” has the meaning given the term “part B institution” in section 1061 of this title;

(6)

the term “institution of higher education” means, in addition to institutions which meet the definition of section 1001 of this title, institutions which meet the requirements of section 1001 of this title except that (1) they are not located in the United States, and (2) they apply for assistance under this subchapter in consortia with institutions which meet the definition of section 1001 of this title;

(7)

the term “international business” means profit-oriented business relationships conducted across national boundaries and includes activities such as the buying and selling of goods, investments in industries, the licensing of processes, patents and trademarks, and the supply of services;

(8)

the term “internationalization of curricula” means the incorporation of international or comparative perspectives in existing courses of study or the addition of new components to the curricula to provide an international context for American business education;

(9)

the term “tribally controlled college or university” has the meaning given the term in section 1801 of title 25; and

(10)

the term “undergraduate foreign language and area or international studies center” means an administrative unit of an institution of higher education, including but not limited to 4-year colleges, that contributes significantly to the national interest through the education and training of students who matriculate into advanced language and area studies programs, professional school programs, or incorporates substantial international and foreign language content into baccalaureate degree programs, engages in research, curriculum development and community outreach activities designed to broaden international and foreign language knowledge, employs faculty with strong language, area, and international studies credentials, maintains library holdings, including basic reference works, journals, and works in translation, and makes training available predominantly to undergraduate students.

(b)

Special conditions

All references to individuals or organizations, unless the context otherwise requires, mean individuals who are citizens or permanent residents of the United States or organizations which are organized or incorporated in the United States.

Footnotes

  1. 1 So in original. The word “and” probably should not appear.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Higher Education Act of 1965

    Pub. L. 89–329 title VI § 631 · 79 Stat. 1219

    Enacted · 20 U.S.C. § 1132

    Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, § 601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 736

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, § 601, July 23, 1992, 106 Stat. 736

  2. An Act authorizing appropriations and expenditures for the administration of Indian Affairs, and for other purposes

    Pub. L. 105–244 § 102(b)(8) · 112 Stat. 1581

    1. Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(8)

      Pub. L. 105–244, § 102(b)(8), substituted “section 1001” for “section 1141(a)”

    2. Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(8)

      Pub. L. 105–244, § 102(b)(8), substituted “of section 1001” for “of 1141(a)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105–244, § 102(b)(8), substituted “section 1001” for “section 1141(a)” in two places and “of section 1001” for “of 1141(a)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (8) in section 631(a)(8) (20 U.S.C. 1132(a)(8))— (A) by striking “section 1201(a)” each place the term appears and inserting “section 101”; and (B) by striking “of 1201(a)” and inserting “of section 101”.

  3. Higher Education Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–244 § 604(a) · 112 Stat. 1581

    Added · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(9)

    Pub. L. 105–244, § 604(a), added par. (9)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 105–244, § 604(a), added par. (9).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Definitions.— Section 631(a) (20 U.S.C. 1132(a)) is amended— (1) by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (7); (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (8) and inserting “; and”; and (3) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following: “(9) the term ‘educational programs abroad’ means programs of study, internships, or service learning outside the United States which are part of a foreign language or other international curriculum at the undergraduate or graduate education levels. ” .

  4. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (3), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (3), as redesignated par. (5) as (2)

    3. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(2)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (3), as substituted “comprehensive foreign language and area or international studies center” for “comprehensive language and area center”. Former par. (2) redesignated (7)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (3), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (5) as (2) and substituted “comprehensive foreign language and area or international studies center” for “comprehensive language and area center”. Former par. (2) redesignated (7).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  5. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (4), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (4), as redesignated par. (9) as (3)

    3. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(3)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (4), as substituted semicolon for period at end. Former par. (3) redesignated (4)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (4), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (9) as (3) and substituted semicolon for period at end. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  6. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(4)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(4)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as redesignated par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (8)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (8).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  7. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(5) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(5)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(5), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Added · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(5)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(5), as added par. (5)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(5), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, added par. (5).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) by inserting after paragraph (4), as redesignated by paragraph (2), the following: “(5) the term ‘historically Black college and university’ has the meaning given the term ‘part B institution’ in section 322;” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  8. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(5)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(5)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as redesignated par. (5) as (2)

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (5) as (2).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  9. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(6)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (6), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(6)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (6), as redesignated par. (8) as (6)

    3. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(6)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (6), as struck out “and” after semicolon. Former par. (6) redesignated (10)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (6), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (8) as (6) and struck out “and” after semicolon. Former par. (6) redesignated (10).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  10. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(1) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(7)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(1), (2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(7)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(1), (2), as redesignated par. (2) as (7)

    3. Struck · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(7)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(1), (2), as struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: “the term ‘critical languages’ means each of the languages contained in the list of critical languages designated by the Secretary pursuant to section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act (50 Fed. Reg. 149, 31413), except that, in the implementation of this definition, the Secretary may set priorities according to the purposes of this subchapter;”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(1), (2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (2) as (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: “the term ‘critical languages’ means each of the languages contained in the list of critical languages designated by the Secretary pursuant to section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act (50 Fed. Reg. 149, 31413), except that, in the implementation of this definition, the Secretary may set priorities according to the purposes of this subchapter;”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by striking paragraph (7);

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  11. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(8)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(8)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as redesignated par. (4) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (6)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (4) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (6).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  12. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(7) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(9)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(7), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Added · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(9)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(7), as added par. (9)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(7), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, added par. (9).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (7) by inserting after paragraph (8), as redesignated by paragraph (2), the following: “(9) the term ‘tribally controlled college or university’ has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities Assistance Act of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 1801); and” ; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  13. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(9)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(9)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as redesignated par. (9) as (3)

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (9) as (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  14. Higher Education Opportunity Act

    Pub. L. 110–315 § 621(2) · 122 Stat. 3078

    1. Amended · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(10)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (8), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39

    2. Redesignated · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(10)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (8), as redesignated par. (6) as (10)

    3. Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)(10)

      Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (8), as substituted “undergraduate foreign language and area or international studies center” for “undergraduate language and area center” and a period for the semicolon at end

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (8), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (6) as (10) and substituted “undergraduate foreign language and area or international studies center” for “undergraduate language and area center” and a period for the semicolon at end.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating paragraphs (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (8), and (9), as paragraphs (7), (4), (8), (2), (10), (6), and (3), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

  15. Pub. L. 111–39 title VI § 601(b) · 123 Stat. 1934

    Changed · 20 U.S.C. § 1132(a)

    Pub. L. 111–39 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 110–315, § 621. See 2008 Amendment notes below

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–39 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 110–315, § 621. See 2008 Amendment notes below.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Higher Education Opportunity Act.— The matter preceding paragraph (1) of section 621 of the Higher Education Opportunity Act (Public Law 110–315) 20 USC 1132. is amended by striking “Section 631 (20 U.S.C. 1132)” and inserting “Section 631(a) (20 U.S.C. 1132(a))”.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (Aug. 14, 2008), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

31 of 32 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial

Editorial Notes

Prior Provisions

A prior section 1132, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 622, as added Pub. L. 96–374, title VI, § 601(a), , 94 Stat. 1470; amended Pub. L. 99–498, title VI, § 614, , 100 Stat. 1520, defined terms used in this subchapter, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 102–325.

Another prior section 1132, Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 622, , 79 Stat. 1266, related to stipends for persons attending faculty development program institutes, prior to the general revision of this subchapter by Pub. L. 96–374.

Amendments1998–2009 · 3 rounds

2009

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 111–39 made technical correction to directory language of Pub. L. 110–315, § 621. See 2008 Amendment notes below.

2008

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (3), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (5) as (2) and substituted “comprehensive foreign language and area or international studies center” for “comprehensive language and area center”. Former par. (2) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (4), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (9) as (3) and substituted semicolon for period at end. Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (3) as (4). Former par. (4) redesignated (8).

Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(5), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, added par. (5).

Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (5) as (2).

Subsec. (a)(6). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (6), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (8) as (6) and struck out “and” after semicolon. Former par. (6) redesignated (10).

Subsec. (a)(7). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(1), (2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (2) as (7) and struck out former par. (7) which read as follows: “the term ‘critical languages’ means each of the languages contained in the list of critical languages designated by the Secretary pursuant to section 212(d) of the Education for Economic Security Act (50 Fed. Reg. 149, 31413), except that, in the implementation of this definition, the Secretary may set priorities according to the purposes of this subchapter;”.

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (4) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (6).

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(7), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, added par. (9).

Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (9) as (3).

Subsec. (a)(10). Pub. L. 110–315, § 621(2), (8), as amended by Pub. L. 111–39, redesignated par. (6) as (10) and substituted “undergraduate foreign language and area or international studies center” for “undergraduate language and area center” and a period for the semicolon at end.

1998

Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105–244, § 102(b)(8), substituted “section 1001” for “section 1141(a)” in two places and “of section 1001” for “of 1141(a)”.

Subsec. (a)(9). Pub. L. 105–244, § 604(a), added par. (9).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2009 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–39 effective as if enacted on the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–315 (), see section 3 of Pub. L. 111–39, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date of 1998 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 105–244 effective , except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as a note under section 1001 of this title.

Effective Date

Part effective , see section 2 of Pub. L. 102–325, set out as an Effective Date of 1992 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.

Credits

1992–2009 · 4 acts
  1. 1992Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, § 601, , 106 Stat. 736
  2. 1998amended Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(b)(8), title VI, § 604(a), , 112 Stat. 1622, 1786
  3. 2008Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, § 621, , 122 Stat. 3342
  4. 2009Pub. L. 111–39, title VI, § 601(b), , 123 Stat. 1954.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 89–329, title VI, § 631, as added Pub. L. 102–325, title VI, § 601, , 106 Stat. 736; amended Pub. L. 105–244, title I, § 102(b)(8), title VI, § 604(a), , 112 Stat. 1622, 1786; Pub. L. 110–315, title VI, § 621, , 122 Stat. 3342; Pub. L. 111–39, title VI, § 601(b), , 123 Stat. 1954.)

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