Title 20 — Education
Chapter 55 — Education of the Deaf
§ 4360. National study on the education of the deaf
Statutory text
Conduct of study
In general
The Secretary shall establish a commission on the education of the deaf (in this section referred to as the “commission”) to conduct a national study on the education of the deaf, to identify education-related barriers to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf, and those education-related factors that contribute to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf.
Definition
In this section the term “deaf”, when used with respect to an individual, means an individual with a hearing impairment, including an individual who is hard of hearing, an individual deafened later in life, and an individual who is profoundly deaf.
Public input and consultation
In general
In conducting such study, the commission shall obtain input from the public. To obtain such input, the commission shall—
publish a notice with an opportunity for comment in the Federal Register;
consult with individuals and organizations representing a wide range of perspectives on deafness-related issues, including organizations representing individuals who are deaf, parents of children who are deaf, educators, and researchers; and
take such other action as the commission deems appropriate, which may include holding public meetings.
Structured opportunities
The commission shall provide structured opportunities to receive and respond to the viewpoints of the individuals and organizations described in paragraph (1)(B).
Report
The commission shall report to the Secretary and Congress not later than 18 months after , regarding the results of the study. The report shall contain—
recommendations relating to educated-related factors that contribute to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf, including recommendations for legislation, that the commission deems appropriate; and
a detailed summary of the input received under subsection (b) and the ways in which the report addresses such input.
Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010 to carry out the provisions of this section.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Pub. L. 99–371 title II § 211 · 100 Stat. 781
Enacted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360
Pub. L. 99–371, title II, § 211, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 924, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1832
Source evidence
Code source credit
Pub. L. 99–371, title II, § 211, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 924, Oct. 7, 1998, 112 Stat. 1832Higher Education Opportunity Act
Pub. L. 110–315 § 913(a) · 122 Stat. 3078
Inserted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360(a)(1)
Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(a), inserted “establish a commission on the education of the deaf (in this section referred to as the ‘commission’) to” after “The Secretary shall”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(a), inserted “establish a commission on the education of the deaf (in this section referred to as the ‘commission’) to” after “The Secretary shall”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Conduct of Study.— Subsection (a)(1) of section 211 of the Education of the Deaf Act of 1986 (20 U.S.C. 4360) is amended by inserting after “The Secretary shall” the following: “establish a commission on the education of the deaf (in this section referred to as the ‘commission’) to”.Higher Education Opportunity Act
Pub. L. 110–315 § 913(b) · 122 Stat. 3078
Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360(b)
Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(b), substituted “commission” for “Secretary” wherever appearing
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(b), substituted “commission” for “Secretary” wherever appearing.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Public Input and Consultation.— Subsection (b) of such section is amended by striking “Secretary” each place the term appears and inserting “commission”.Higher Education Opportunity Act
Pub. L. 110–315 § 913(c)(1) · 122 Stat. 3078
Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360(c)
Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “commission shall report to the Secretary and Congress not later than 18 months after August 14, 2008” for “Secretary shall report to Congress not later than 18 months after October 7, 1998”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “commission shall report to the Secretary and Congress not later than 18 months after August 14, 2008” for “Secretary shall report to Congress not later than 18 months after October 7, 1998”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “Secretary” and all that follows through “1998” and inserting “commission shall report to the Secretary and Congress not later than 18 months after the date of the enactment of the Higher Education Opportunity Act”; andHigher Education Opportunity Act
Pub. L. 110–315 § 913(c)(2) · 122 Stat. 3078
Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360(c)(1)
Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(2), substituted “recommendations relating to educated-related factors that contribute to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf, including” for “recommendations, including”
Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360(c)(1)
Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(2), substituted “commission” for “Secretary”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(2), substituted “recommendations relating to educated-related factors that contribute to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf, including” for “recommendations, including” and “commission” for “Secretary”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) in paragraph (1)— (A) by striking “recommendations,” and inserting “recommendations relating to educated-related factors that contribute to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf,”; and (B) by striking “Secretary” and inserting “commission”.Higher Education Opportunity Act
Pub. L. 110–315 § 913(d) · 122 Stat. 3078
Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 4360(d)
Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(d), substituted “such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010” for “$1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(d), substituted “such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010” for “$1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(d) Authorization of Appropriations.— Subsection (d) of such section is amended by striking “$1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000” and inserting “such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010”.
6 of 7 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial
Editorial Notes
Prior Provisions
A prior section 4360, Pub. L. 99–371, title II, § 211, formerly title IV, § 411, , 100 Stat. 794; renumbered title II, § 211, and amended Pub. L. 102–421, title I, §§ 101(b)(5), (6), 140, 151(a)(4), , 106 Stat. 2151, 2163, 2164; Pub. L. 103–73, title II, § 204(i), , 107 Stat. 735, authorized appropriations for this chapter, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 105–244, § 3, title IX, § 923, , 112 Stat. 1585, 1832, effective . See section 4360a of this title.
Amendments
2008—Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(a), inserted “establish a commission on the education of the deaf (in this section referred to as the ‘commission’) to” after “The Secretary shall”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(b), substituted “commission” for “Secretary” wherever appearing.
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(1), in introductory provisions, substituted “commission shall report to the Secretary and Congress not later than 18 months after ” for “Secretary shall report to Congress not later than 18 months after ”.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(c)(2), substituted “recommendations relating to educated-related factors that contribute to successful postsecondary education experiences and employment for individuals who are deaf, including” for “recommendations, including” and “commission” for “Secretary”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–315, § 913(d), substituted “such sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 2009 and 2010” for “$1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1999 and 2000”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date
Section effective , except as otherwise provided in Pub. L. 105–244, see section 3 of Pub. L. 105–244, set out as an Effective Date of 1998 Amendment note under section 1001 of this title.
Credits
1998–2008 · 2 acts
- 1998Pub. L. 99–371, title II, § 211, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 924, , 112 Stat. 1832
- 2008amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 913, , 122 Stat. 3455.
Show as published
(Pub. L. 99–371, title II, § 211, as added Pub. L. 105–244, title IX, § 924, , 112 Stat. 1832; amended Pub. L. 110–315, title IX, § 913, , 122 Stat. 3455.)