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Title 21 — Food and Drugs

Chapter 9 — Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act

§ 361. Adulterated cosmetics

Statutory text

A cosmetic shall be deemed to be adulterated—

(a)

If it bears or contains any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render it injurious to users under the conditions of use prescribed in the labeling thereof, or under such conditions of use as are customary or usual, except that this provision shall not apply to coal-tar hair dye, the label of which bears the following legend conspicuously displayed thereon: “Caution—This product contains ingredients which may cause skin irritation on certain individuals and a preliminary test according to accompanying directions should first be made. This product must not be used for dyeing the eyelashes or eyebrows; to do so may cause blindness.”, and the labeling of which bears adequate directions for such preliminary testing. For the purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (e) the term “hair dye” shall not include eyelash dyes or eyebrow dyes.

(b)

If it consists in whole or in part of any filthy, putrid, or decomposed substance.

(c)

If it has been prepared, packed, or held under insanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health.

(d)

If its container is composed, in whole or in part, of any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render the contents injurious to health.

(e)

If it is not a hair dye and it is, or it bears or contains, a color additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 379e(a) of this title.

(f)

If it has been manufactured or processed under conditions that do not meet the good manufacturing practice requirements of section 364b of this title.

(g)

If it is a cosmetic product, and the cosmetic product, including each ingredient in the cosmetic product, does not have adequate substantiation for 1 safety, as defined in section 364d(c) of this title.

Footnotes

  1. 1 So in original. Probably should be “of”.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 75–675 § 601 · 52 Stat. 1040

    Enacted · 21 U.S.C. § 361

    June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 601, 52 Stat. 1054

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 601, 52 Stat. 1054

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 601. adulterated cosmetics A cosmetic shall be deemed to be adulterated— (a) If it bears or contains any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render it injurious to users under the conditions of use prescribed in the labeling thereof, or under such conditions of use as Proviso. Coal-tar hair dye bearing informative legend. are customary or usual: Provided, That this provision shall not apply to coal-tar hair dye, the label of which bears the following legend conspicuously displayed thereon: “Caution—This product contains ingredients which may cause skin irritation on certain individuals and a preliminary test according to accompanying directions should first be made. This product must not be used for dyeing the eyelashes or eyebrows; to do so may cause blindness.”, and the labeling of which bears adequate directions for such preliminary testing. For the purposes of this paragraph and paragraph (e) the term “hair dye” shall not include eyelash dyes or eyebrow dyes. (b) If it consists in whole or in part of any filthy, putrid, or decomposed substance. (c) If it has been prepared, packed, or held under insanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health. (d) If its container is composed, in whole or in part, of any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render the contents injurious to health. (e) If it is not a hair dye and it bears or contains a coal-tar color other than one from a batch that has been certified in accordance with regulations as provided by section 604.

  2. Color Additive Amendments of 1960

    Pub. L. 86–618 title I § 102(c)(1) · 74 Stat. 397

    Substituted · 21 U.S.C. § 361(e)

    Pub. L. 86–618 substituted “and it is, or it bears or contains, a color additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 376(a) of this title” for “and it bears or contains a coal-tar color other than one from a batch that has been certified in accordance with regulations as provided by section 364 of this title”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (e). Pub. L. 86–618 substituted “and it is, or it bears or contains, a color additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 376(a) of this title” for “and it bears or contains a coal-tar color other than one from a batch that has been certified in accordance with regulations as provided by section 364 of this title”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Section 601(e) of such Act (relating to cosmetics, other than hair dyes, deemed adulterated by reason of uncertified coal tar color) is amended to read as follows: “(e) If it is not a hair dye and it is, or it bears or contains, a color 21 USC 376. 21 USC 362. additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 706(a).”

  3. Prescription Drug User Fee Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–571 title I § 107(11) · 106 Stat. 4491

    Substituted · 21 U.S.C. § 361(e)

    Pub. L. 102–571 substituted “379e(a)” for “376(a)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (e). Pub. L. 102–571 substituted “379e(a)” for “376(a)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (11) Section 601(e) (21 U.S.C. 361(e)) is amended by striking out “706” and inserting in lieu thereof “721”.

  4. Nutrition Labeling and Education Act Amendments of 1993

    Pub. L. 103–80 § 3(x) · 107 Stat. 773

    Substituted · 21 U.S.C. § 361(a)

    Pub. L. 103–80 substituted “usual, except that this” for “usual: Provided, That this”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–80 substituted “usual, except that this” for “usual: Provided, That this”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (x) Section 601.— Section 601(a) (21 U.S.C. 361) is amended by striking out “: Provided, That this” and inserting in lieu thereof “, except that this”.

  5. Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022

    Pub. L. 117–328 div. FF title III § 3503(a)(2) · 136 Stat. 4459

    Added · 21 U.S.C. § 361(f); 21 U.S.C. § 361(g)

    Pub. L. 117–328 added subsecs. (f) and (g)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 117–328 added subsecs. (f) and (g).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Adulterated products.— Section 601 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. 361) is amended by adding at the end the following: “(f) If it has been manufactured or processed under conditions that do not meet the good manufacturing practice requirements of section 606. “(g) If it is a cosmetic product, and the cosmetic product, including each ingredient in the cosmetic product, does not have adequate substantiation for safety, as defined in section 608(c).” .

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–328 effective on the date that is 1 year after Dec. 29, 2022, see section 3503(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 331 of this title.

5 of 5 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

Amendments1960–2022 · 4 rounds

2022

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 117–328 added subsecs. (f) and (g).

1993

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–80 substituted “usual, except that this” for “usual: Provided, That this”.

1992

Par. (e). Pub. L. 102–571 substituted “379e(a)” for “376(a)”.

1960

Par. (e). Pub. L. 86–618 substituted “and it is, or it bears or contains, a color additive which is unsafe within the meaning of section 376(a) of this title” for “and it bears or contains a coal-tar color other than one from a batch that has been certified in accordance with regulations as provided by section 364 of this title”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2022 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 117–328 effective on the date that is 1 year after , see section 3503(b)(1) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 331 of this title.

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–618 effective , subject to the provisions of section 203 of Pub. L. 86–618, see section 202 of Pub. L. 86–618, set out as a note under section 379e of this title.

Effective Date; Postponement

Par. (e) effective , see act June 23, 1939, ch. 242, 53 Stat. 853, set out as an Effective Date; Postponement in Certain Cases note under section 301 of this title.

Effective Date

Section effective twelve months after , except par. (a), which, with certain exceptions, became effective on , see section 1002(a) of act , set out as a note under section 301 of this title.

Construction; Confidentiality

Nothing in amendment made by Pub. L. 117–328, to be construed to authorize the disclosure of information that is prohibited from disclosure under section 331(j) of this title or section 1905 of title 18 or that is subject to withholding under section 552(b)(4) of title 5, see section 3503(c)(2) of Pub. L. 117–328, set out as a note under section 364 of this title.

Credits

1938–2022 · 5 acts
  1. 1938June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 601, 52 Stat. 1054
  2. 1960Pub. L. 86–618, title I, § 102(c)(1), , 74 Stat. 398
  3. 1992Pub. L. 102–571, title I, § 107(11), , 106 Stat. 4499
  4. 1993Pub. L. 103–80, § 3(x), , 107 Stat. 778
  5. 2022Pub. L. 117–328, div. FF, title III, § 3503(a)(2), , 136 Stat. 5858.
Show as published

(June 25, 1938, ch. 675, § 601, 52 Stat. 1054; Pub. L. 86–618, title I, § 102(c)(1), , 74 Stat. 398; Pub. L. 102–571, title I, § 107(11), , 106 Stat. 4499; Pub. L. 103–80, § 3(x), , 107 Stat. 778; Pub. L. 117–328, div. FF, title III, § 3503(a)(2), , 136 Stat. 5858.)

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