Skip to content

Title 21 — Food and Drugs

Part B · Chapter 13 — Drug Abuse Prevention and Control

§ 813. Treatment of controlled substance analogues

Statutory text

(a)

In general

A controlled substance analogue shall, to the extent intended for human consumption, be treated, for the purposes of any Federal law as a controlled substance in schedule I.

(b)

Determination

In determining whether a controlled substance analogue was intended for human consumption under subsection (a), the following factors may be considered, along with any other relevant factors:

(1)

The marketing, advertising, and labeling of the substance.

(2)

The known efficacy or usefulness of the substance for the marketed, advertised, or labeled purpose.

(3)

The difference between the price at which the substance is sold and the price at which the substance it is purported to be or advertised as is normally sold.

(4)

The diversion of the substance from legitimate channels and the clandestine importation, manufacture, or distribution of the substance.

(5)

Whether the defendant knew or should have known the substance was intended to be consumed by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other immediate means.

(6)

Any controlled substance analogue that is manufactured, formulated, sold, distributed, or marketed with the intent to avoid the provisions of existing drug laws.

(c)

Limitation

For purposes of this section, evidence that a substance was not marketed, advertised, or labeled for human consumption, by itself, shall not be sufficient to establish that the substance was not intended for human consumption.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970

    Pub. L. 91–513 title II § 203 · 84 Stat. 1236

    Enacted · 21 U.S.C. § 813

    Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1202, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–13

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1202, Oct. 27, 1986, 100 Stat. 3207–13

  2. Anti-Drug Abuse Amendments Act of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 title VI § 6470(c) · 102 Stat. 4181

    Substituted · 21 U.S.C. § 813

    Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “any Federal law” for “this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “any Federal law” for “this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Clarification of Controlled Substance Analogue Provision.— Section 203 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 813) is amended by striking “this title and title III” and inserting “any Federal law”.

  3. Substance Use–Disorder Prevention that Promotes Opioid Recovery and Treatment for Patients and Communities Act

    Pub. L. 115–271 title III § 3241 · 132 Stat. 3894

    1. Amended · 21 U.S.C. § 813

      Pub. L. 115–271 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a)

    2. Inserted · 21 U.S.C. § 813

      Pub. L. 115–271 inserted heading

    3. Added · 21 U.S.C. § 813

      Pub. L. 115–271 added subsecs. (b) and (c)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 115–271 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 3241. CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE ANALOGUES.   Section 203 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 813) is amended— (1) by striking “A controlled” and inserting “(a) In General.—A controlled”; and (2) by adding at the end the following: “(b) Determination.— In determining whether a controlled substance analogue was intended for human consumption under subsection (a), the following factors may be considered, along with any other relevant factors: “(1) The marketing, advertising, and labeling of the substance. “(2) The known efficacy or usefulness of the substance for the marketed, advertised, or labeled purpose. “(3) The difference between the price at which the substance is sold and the price at which the substance it is purported to be or advertised as is normally sold. “(4) The diversion of the substance from legitimate channels and the clandestine importation, manufacture, or distribution of the substance. “(5) Whether the defendant knew or should have known the substance was intended to be consumed by injection, inhalation, ingestion, or any other immediate means. “(6) Any controlled substance analogue that is manufactured, formulated, sold, distributed, or marketed with the intent to avoid the provisions of existing drug laws. “(c) Limitation.— For purposes of this section, evidence that a substance was not marketed, advertised, or labeled for human consumption, by itself, shall not be sufficient to establish that the substance was not intended for human consumption.” .

4 of 5 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Schedule I, referred to in subsec. (a), is set out in section 812(c) of this title.

Amendments1988–2018 · 2 rounds

2018

Pub. L. 115–271 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), inserted heading, and added subsecs. (b) and (c).

1988

Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “any Federal law” for “this subchapter and subchapter II of this chapter”.

Credits

1986–2018 · 3 acts
  1. 1986Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1202, , 100 Stat. 3207–13
  2. 1988amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6470(c), , 102 Stat. 4378
  3. 2018Pub. L. 115–271, title III, § 3241, , 132 Stat. 3950.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 91–513, title II, § 203, as added Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1202, , 100 Stat. 3207–13; amended Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6470(c), , 102 Stat. 4378; Pub. L. 115–271, title III, § 3241, , 132 Stat. 3950.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc21.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-04-17

USLM identifier /us/usc/t21/s813