§ 2571. Research, development and other studies

Footnotes

1. 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1961

   Pub. L. 87–297 title III § 301 · 75 Stat. 631

   Enacted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

   Pub. L. 87–297, title III, § 301, formerly § 31, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 633

   Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 87–297, title III, § 301, formerly § 31, Sept. 26, 1961, 75 Stat. 633

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 31. research The Director is authorized and directed to exercise his powers in such manner as to insure the acquisition of a fund of theoretical and practical knowledge concerning disarmament. To this end, the Director is authorized and directed, under the direction of the President, (1) to insure the conduct of research, development, and other studies in the field of arms control and disarmament; (2) to make arrangements (including contracts, agreements, and grants) for the conduct of research, development, and other studies in the field of arms control and disarmament by private or public institutions or persons; and (3) to coordinate the research, development, and other studies conducted in the field of arms control and disarmament by or for other Government agencies in accordance with procedures established under section 35 of this Act. In carrying out his responsibilities under this Act, the Director shall, to the maximum extent feasible, make full use of available facilities, Government and private. The authority of the Director with respect to research, development, and other studies shall be limited to participation in the following insofar as they relate to arms control and disarmament: (a) the detection, identification, inspection, monitoring, limitation, reduction, control, and elimination of armed forces and armaments, including thermonuclear, nuclear, missile, conventional, bacteriological, chemical, and radiological weapons; (b) the techniques and systems of detecting, identifying, inspecting, and monitoring of tests of nuclear, thermonuclear, and other weapons; (c) the analysis of national budgets, levels of industrial production, and economic indicators to determine the amounts spent by various countries for armaments; (d) the control, reduction, and elimination of armed forces and armaments in space, in areas on and beneath the earth’s surface, and in underwater regions; (e) the structure and operation of international control and other organizations useful for arms control and disarmament; (f) the training of scientists, technicians, and other personnel for manning the control systems which may be created by international arms control and disarmament agreements; (g) the reduction and elimination of the danger of war resulting from accident, miscalculation, or possible surprise attack, including (but not limited to) improvements in the methods of communications between nations; (h) the economic and political consequences of arms control and disarmament, including the problems of readjustment arising in industry and the reallocation of national resources; (i) the arms control and disarmament implications of foreign and national security policies of the United States with a view to a better understanding of the significance of such policies for the achievement of arms control and disarmament; (j) the national security and foreign policy implications of arms control and disarmament proposals with a view to a better understanding of the effect of such proposals upon national security and foreign policy; (k) methods for the maintenance of peace and security during different stages of arms control and disarmament; (l) the scientific, economic, political, legal, social, psychological, military, and technological factors related to the prevention of war with a view to a better understanding of how the basic structure of a lasting peace may be established; (m) such related problems as the Director may determine to be in need of research, development, or study in order to carry out the provisions of this Act.

2. 1963

   Pub. L. 88–186 § 5 · 77 Stat. 341

   Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

   Pub. L. 88–186 inserted “United States” before “private” in cl. (2) of opening par

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 88–186 inserted “United States” before “private” in cl. (2) of opening par.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. In section 31(2) before the word “private” insert the words “United States”.

3. 1977

   Arms Control and Disarmament Act Amendments of 1977

   Pub. L. 95–108 § 3 · 91 Stat. 871

   Struck · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

   Pub. L. 95–108 struck out “United States” before “private” in cl. (2) of opening par

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 95–108 struck out “United States” before “private” in cl. (2) of opening par.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 3. research Section 31 of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act is 22 USC 2571. amended by striking out “United States” in clause (2) of the second sentence.

4. 1982

   Arms Control and Disarmament Amendments Act of 1982

   Pub. L. 97–339 § 4 · 96 Stat. 1635

   Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571(c)

   Pub. L. 97–339 inserted “and of all aspects of antisatellite activities”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–339 inserted “and of all aspects of antisatellite activities”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 4. Section 31(c) of the Arms Control and Disarmament Act (22 U.S.C. 2571) is amended by inserting “and of all aspects of antisatellite activities” immediately before the semicolon.

5. 1994

   Arms Control and Nonproliferation Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–236 title VII § 719(c) · 108 Stat. 382

   1. Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 103–236, in introductory provisions, substituted “fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament” for “field of arms control and disarmament” in three places, in first sentence

   2. Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 103–236, in introductory provisions, inserted “and nonproliferation” after “disarmament”, and in fourth sentence

   3. Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 103–236, in introductory provisions, inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control” wherever appearing

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–236, in introductory provisions, substituted “fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament” for “field of arms control and disarmament” in three places, in first sentence, inserted “and nonproliferation” after “disarmament”, and in fourth sentence, inserted “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control” wherever appearing.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (c) Section 31 (22 U.S.C. 2571) is amended— (1) in the text above paragraph (a), by striking “field of arms control and disarmament” each of the three places it appears and inserting “fields of arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament”; (2) in the first sentence, by inserting “and nonproliferation” after disarmament; and (3) in the fourth sentence, by inserting “, nonproliferation,” after “arms control” each of the eight places it appears.

6. 1998

   Pub. L. 105–277 § 1223(6)(A) · 112 Stat. 2681

   1. Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, inserted “this subchapter in” after “powers in”

   2. Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” in two places

   3. Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, substituted “ensure” for “insure” in two places

   4. Struck · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, struck out “in accordance with procedures established under section 2575 of this title” after “other Government agencies”

   5. Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, substituted “The authority of the Secretary under this chapter with respect to research, development, and other studies concerning arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be limited to participation in the following:” for “The authority of the Director with respect to research, development, and other studies shall be limited to participation in the following insofar as they relate to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament:”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(A)–(E), in introductory provisions, inserted “this subchapter in” after “powers in”, substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director” wherever appearing and “ensure” for “insure” in two places, struck out “in accordance with procedures established under section 2575 of this title” after “other Government agencies”, and substituted “The authority of the Secretary under this chapter with respect to research, development, and other studies concerning arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament shall be limited to participation in the following:” for “The authority of the Director with respect to research, development, and other studies shall be limited to participation in the following insofar as they relate to arms control, nonproliferation, and disarmament:”.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

7. 1998

   Pub. L. 105–277 § 1223(6)(F) · 112 Stat. 2681

   Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571(l)

   Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(F), inserted “and” at end

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(F), inserted “and” at end.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

8. 1998

   Pub. L. 105–277 § 1223(6)(B) · 112 Stat. 2681

   Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2571(m)

   Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(B), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (m). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1223(6)(B), substituted “Secretary of State” for “Director”.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Apr. 1, 1999, see section 1201 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6511 of this title.

7 of 14 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 7 partial