§ 6202. Standards and principles

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1994

   United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–236 title III § 303 · 108 Stat. 382

   Enacted · 22 U.S.C. § 6202

   Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 303, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 433

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 103–236, title III, § 303, Apr. 30, 1994, 108 Stat. 433

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 303. STANDARDS AND PRINCIPLES. (a) Broadcasting Standards.— United States international broadcasting shall— (1) be consistent with the broad foreign policy objectives of the United States; (2) be consistent with the international telecommunications policies and treaty obligations of the United States; (3) not duplicate the activities of private United States broadcasters; (4) not duplicate the activities of government supported broadcasting entities of other democratic nations; (5) be conducted in accordance with the highest professional standards of broadcast journalism; (6) be based on reliable information about its potential audience; and (7) be designed so as to effectively reach a significant audience. (b) Broadcasting Principles.— United States international broadcasting shall include— (1) news which is consistently reliable and authoritative, accurate, objective, and comprehensive; (2) a balanced and comprehensive projection of United States thought and institutions, reflecting the diversity of United States culture and society; (3) clear and effective presentation of the policies of the United States Government and responsible discussion and opinion on those policies; (4) programming to meet needs which remain unserved by the totality of media voices available to the people of certain nations; (5) information about developments in each significant region of the world; (6) a variety of opinions and voices from within particular nations and regions prevented by censorship or repression from speaking to their fellow countrymen; (7) reliable research capacity to meet the criteria under this section; (8) adequate transmitter and relay capacity to support the activities described in this section; and (9) training and technical support for independent indigenous media through government agencies or private United States entities.

2. 1994

   Pub. L. 103–415 § 1(p) · 108 Stat. 4299

   Added · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(c)

   Pub. L. 103–415 added subsec. (c)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 103–415 added subsec. (c).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SECTION 1. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. (a) Section 121 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 392. in subsection (d)(1)— (1) by striking “and the Director of the United States Information Agency” and inserting “, the Director of the United States Information Agency, or the Administrator of the Agency for International Development”; and (2) by striking “or the United States Information Agency” and inserting “, the United States Information Agency, or the Agency for International Development”. (b) The Act entitled “An Act to regulate the issue and validity of passports, and for other purposes”, approved July 3, 1926 (44 Stat. 887, 22 U.S.C. 211a) as amended by section 127(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 is amended— (1) by striking “other employees” and inserting “such other employees”; and (2) by striking “United States,” and inserting “United States”. (c) Section 139 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 398. in paragraph (20) by striking “2349aa” and inserting “4858(b)”. (d) Section 140 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 399. in subsection (c)(2) by striking “serious loss of life or property” and inserting “serious injury, loss of life, or significant destruction of property”. (e) Section 142(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended— Ante, p. 401. (1) in paragraph (2) by striking “not,” and inserting “not”; and (2) in paragraph (3) by striking “because” and inserting “because,”. (f) (1) Section 1 of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956 (22 U.S.C. 2662) as amended by section 161(a) of the 22 USC 2651a. Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236) is amended in subsection (a)(2) by inserting “and the Deputy Secretary of State” after “Secretary”. (2) Section 161 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 404. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subsection (b) by striking “133” and inserting “162”. (3) Section 161 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subsection (f)(2)— (A) by striking “the principal duty of negotiations for”; (B) in subparagraph (A) by striking “Increased”; and inserting “The principal duty of negotiating increased”; and (C) in subparagraph (B) by striking “Recoupment” and inserting “In consultation with the Department of Defense, assist in negotiations with the host governments for the recoupment”. (4) (A) The Omnibus Diplomatic Security and Antiterrorism Act of 1986 (22 U.S.C. 4801 et seq.) as amended by section 162(g) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 102–236) is amended— (i) in section 103(a)(2)(B)(i) by striking “operations” and inserting “operation”; and (ii) in the table of contents— (I) by striking the item relating to section 104; (II) by striking the item relating to section 105; (III) by striking the item relating to title II and inserting the following: TITLE I— PERSONNEL”; (IV) by striking the item relating to section 201 and inserting the following: “Sec. 201. Diplomatic Security Service.”; and (V) by striking the item relating to section 203 and inserting the following: “Sec. 203. Special agents.”. (B) Section 162 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 410. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subsection (q) by striking “2655” and inserting “2655a”. (g) Section 179 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 415. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subsection (b) by striking “individual holding a career or career candidate appointment” and inserting “individuals holding career or career candidate appointments”. (h) The Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.) as amended by section 180(a) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended— (1) in section 311— (A) by striking the section heading and inserting in lieu thereof: “Sec. 311. United States Citizens Hired Abroad.— and (B) in subsection (d) by inserting “by reason of such employment” after “eligible”; (2) in section 610(a)(2) by inserting “(other than a United States citizen employed under section 311 who is not a family member)” after “A member of the Service”; and (3) in the table of contents by striking the item relating to section 311 and inserting the following: Sec. 311. United States citizens hired abroad. (i) Section 181(c) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 418. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended— (1) by striking “system),” and inserting “system,”; and (2) by striking “that agency” and inserting “that agency)”. (j) Section 182 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 418. in subsection (a) by striking “has” and inserting “have”. (k) Part I of title 18, United States Code (as amended by section 506 of Public Law 103–236) is amended in paragraph (1) of section 2340 by striking “with” and inserting “within his”. (l) Section 564 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 483. in subsection (a) by striking “primary or secondary” and inserting “secondary or tertiary”. (m) Section 217 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1187) is amended in subsection (f) by striking “1994” and inserting “1995”. (n) The Secretary of State is authorized to obligate and expend from the Department of State’s “Diplomatic and Consular Programs” appropriation not more than $2,500,000 of the amount appropriated in title XI, chapter 2 of Public Law 102–368 for the purchase of real property for use by the Department of State for its Miami Regional Center. (o) Section 102(g) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended— Ante, p. 389. (1) by inserting “the United Nations and its affiliated agencies in” after “appropriated for”; (2) by striking “each of the fiscal years 1994 and” and inserting “fiscal year”; (3) by striking “unless” and inserting “until”; (4) by striking “States” and inserting “Nations”; and (5) by striking “promotes, condones,” and inserting “promotes and condones”. (p) Section 303 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended 22 USC 6202. by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(c) Voice of America Broadcasts.— The long-range interests of the United States are served by communicating directly with the peoples of the world by radio. To be effective, the Voice of America must win the attention and respect of listeners. These principles will therefore govern Voice of America (VOA) broadcasts: “(1) VOA will serve as a consistently reliable and authoritative source of news. VOA news will be accurate, objective, and comprehensive. “(2) VOA will represent America, not any single segment of American society, and will therefore present a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions. “(3) VOA will present the policies of the United States clearly and effectively, and will also present responsible discussions and opinion on these policies.”. (q) Section 701(f)(4) of the United States Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1476(f)(4)) is amended by striking “1993” and inserting “1995”. (r) Section 132 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 395. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103-236) is amended by inserting “or issuance of a passport” after “nationality”. (s) (1) Section 305(a)(14) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Ante, p. 435. Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended by striking “to” and inserting “of”. (2) Section 309(d)(l)(B) of such Act is amended by inserting Ante, p. 439. “of all members” after “confirmation”. (t) Section 101(b)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Ante, p. 388. Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subparagraph (D) by striking “$400,000 is authorized to be appropriated for each of the” and inserting “$800,000 is authorized to be appropriated for”. (u) Section 191(a)(4) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Ante, p. 418. Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended by inserting before the semicolon “, the Agency for International Development, and the United States Information Agency”. (v) Section 8 of the Eisenhower Exchange Fellowship Act of 1990 (Public Law 101–454) is amended by adding at the end the Regulations. following: “Notwithstanding section 555 of Public Law 100–461 and title III of S. 2757 as reported by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations on September 7, 1988 (pursuant to the enactment under section 555 of Public Law 100–461), the Director of the United States Information Agency is authorized to administer such au pair programs through fiscal year 1995 in a manner consistent with the requirements of the Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchange Act of 1961 and shall promulgate regulations regarding such au pair programs.”. (w) The table of contents of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended by striking the item relating to section 534 and inserting the following: “Sec. 534. Study of democracy effectiveness.”. (x) Section 101(b) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in paragraph (2)(D) by striking “title 5” and inserting “part D of title V”. (y) Section 701 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 4021) is amended by striking the section caption and inserting “Institution for Training”. (z) Section 134 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante. p. 396. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended by inserting “, 1926” after “Act”. (aa) Section 139 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 399. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in paragraph (21), by striking “1990 and 1991 (22 U.S.C. 287(e)” and inserting “1992 and 1993 (22 U.S.C. 287e note). (bb) Section 140 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 399. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subsection (a)(2), by striking “subsection (a)” and inserting “paragraph (1)”. (cc) Section 162 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 410. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended in subsection (o)(3)(B), by striking “paragraph (d)” and inserting “subsection (d)”. (dd) Section 529 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Ante, p. 477. Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amendedby striking “Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty” each of the three places it appears and inserting “Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons”. (ee) The table of contents of the Immigration and Nationality Act is amended by striking the item relating to section 104 and inserting: “Sec. 104. Powers and duties of the Secretary of State.”. (ff) Section 164(b) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 411. by inserting “of 1962” after “Migration and Refugee Assistance Act”. (gg) Section 173(c) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended Ante, p. 412. by inserting “United States” before “Arms Control and Disarmament Agency” both places it appears. (hh) Section 309(b) of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (22 U.S.C. 3901(b)) is amended by striking “; and (5) as a foreign 22 USC 3949. national employee.” and inserting and “(5) as a foreign national employee.”. (ii) Section 611 of the Foreign Service Act of 1980 (as amended 22 USC 4010a. by section 181(a)(2) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236)) is amended by striking “SEC. 611” and all that follows through “(a)” and inserting the following: “Sec. 611. Reductions in Force.— (a)”. (jj) Section 181 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended— Ante, p. 417. (1) in subsection (a)(5) by inserting “of 1980” after “Foreign Service Act”; and (2) in subsection (b), by striking “Section 1005” and inserting “Section 1005(a)”. (kk) The PLO Commitments Compliance Act of 1989 (title VIII of Public Law 101–246) as amended by section 524 of the 104 Stat. 78. Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended— (1) in section 804(b) by striking “section (3)(b)(l) of the Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994” and inserting “section 583(b)(1) of the Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994”; and (2) in section 804(b)(1), by striking “section (4)(a) of the Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994” and inserting “section 584(a) of the Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1994”. (ll) Section 315 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended by adding after subsection (c) the following new subsection: “(d) Relocation Costs.— Notwithstanding any other provision 22 USC 6214. of law, funds derived from the sale of real property assets of RFE/RL in Munich, Germany, may be retained, obligated, and expended to meet one-time costs associated with the consolidation of United States Government broadcasting activities in accordance with this title, including the costs of relocating RFE/RL offices and operations.”. (mm) (1) The Act entitled “An Act to provide for the reorganization of the consular service of the United States” approved April 5, 1906 (34 Stat. 100, 22 U.S.C. 4215) as amended by section 127 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1994and 1995 (Public Law 103–236) is amended by striking the last sentence of section 7. (2) The Act of August 18, 1856 (11 Stat. 61, 22 U.S.C. 4221) is amended in section 24 by adding at the end the following new sentence: “Pursuant to such regulations as the Secretary of State may prescribe, the Secretary may designate any other employee of the Department of State who is a citizen of the United States to perform any notarial function authorized to be performed by a consular officer of the United States under this Act.”.

3. 1998

   Pub. L. 105–277 § 1323(d)(1) · 112 Stat. 2681

   Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(b)(3)

   Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(d)(1), which directed amendment of par. (3) by inserting “, including editorials, broadcast by the Voice of America, which present the views of the United States Government” after “policies”, was executed by making insertion after “policies” the second time it appears to reflect the probable intent of Congress

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(d)(1), which directed amendment of par. (3) by inserting “, including editorials, broadcast by the Voice of America, which present the views of the United States Government” after “policies”, was executed by making insertion after “policies” the second time it appears to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

4. 1998

   Pub. L. 105–277 § 1323(d)(2) · 112 Stat. 2681

   1. Added · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(b)(4)(10)

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(d)(2), (3), added par. (4)

   2. Redesignated · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(b)(4)(10)

      Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(d)(2), (3), redesignated former pars. (4) to (9) as (5) to (10), respectively

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(4) to (10). Pub. L. 105–277, § 1323(d)(2), (3), added par. (4) and redesignated former pars. (4) to (9) as (5) to (10), respectively.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 105–277 effective Oct. 1, 1999, see section 1301 of Pub. L. 105–277, set out as an Effective Date note under section 6531 of this title.

5. 1998

   International Religious Freedom Act of 1998

   Pub. L. 105–292 title V § 502 · 112 Stat. 2787

   Added · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(a)(8)

   Pub. L. 105–292 added par. (8)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(8). Pub. L. 105–292 added par. (8).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 502. INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING. Section 303(a) of the United States International Broadcasting Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6202(a)) is amended— (1) by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (6); (2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (7) and inserting “; and”; and (3) by adding at the end the following: “(8) promote respect for human rights, including freedom of religion.”.

6. 2021

   William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

   Pub. L. 116–283 § 1299Q(b)(1) · 134 Stat. 3388

   Changed · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(a)

   Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(b)(1), which directed insertion of “, including editorial independence” in subsec. (a) “before the semicolon at the end”, was not executed because subsec. (a) contains 6 pars. that have a semicolon at the end and the probable intent of Congress could not be determined

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(b)(1), which directed insertion of “, including editorial independence” in subsec. (a) “before the semicolon at the end”, was not executed because subsec. (a) contains 6 pars. that have a semicolon at the end and the probable intent of Congress could not be determined.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in subsection (a), by inserting “, including editorial independence” before the semicolon at the end; and

7. 2021

   William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

   Pub. L. 116–283 § 1299Q(b)(2) · 134 Stat. 3388

   Inserted · 22 U.S.C. § 6202(b)

   Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(b)(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (b) by inserting “, including editorial independence,” after “programing”, was not executed because the word “programing” did not appear and the word “programming” at the beginning of par. (5) could not be clearly identified as the intended target

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 116–283, § 1299Q(b)(2), which directed amendment of subsec. (b) by inserting “, including editorial independence,” after “programing”, was not executed because the word “programing” did not appear and the word “programming” at the beginning of par. (5) could not be clearly identified as the intended target.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) in subsection (b), by inserting “, including editorial independence,” after “programing”.

5 of 8 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 3 partial