Title 28 — Judiciary and Judicial Procedure
Part I · Chapter 21 — General Provisions Applicable to Courts and Judges
§ 453. Oaths of justices and judges
Statutory text
Each justice or judge of the United States shall take the following oath or affirmation before performing the duties of his office: “I, ___ ___, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will administer justice without respect to persons, and do equal right to the poor and to the rich, and that I will faithfully and impartially discharge and perform all the duties incumbent upon me as ___ under the Constitution and laws of the United States. So help me God.”
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Title 28, United States Code, section —
Pub. L. 80–646 · 62 Stat. 869
Enacted · 28 U.S.C. § 453
June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 907
Source evidence
Code source credit
June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 907Judicial Discipline and Removal Reform Act of 1990
Pub. L. 101–650 title IV § 404 · 104 Stat. 5089
Substituted · 28 U.S.C. § 453
Pub. L. 101–650 substituted “under the Constitution” for “according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the Constitution”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–650 substituted “under the Constitution” for “according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the Constitution”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 404. AMENDMENT TO OATH OF JUSTICES AND JUDGES. Section 453 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking out “according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to” and inserting “under”.Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 101–650 effective 90 days after Dec. 1, 1990, see section 407 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 332 of this title.
1 of 2 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial
Notes
Historical and Revision Notes
Based on title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., §§ 241, 372, and District of Columbia Code, 1940 ed., §§ 11–203, 11–303 (R.S.D.C., § 752, 18 Stat. pt. II, 90; Feb. 9, 1893, ch. 74, § 3, 27 Stat. 435; Mar. 3, 1901, ch. 854, § 223, 31 Stat. 1224; Mar. 3, 1911, ch. 231, §§ 136, 137, 257, 36 Stat. 1135, 1161; Feb. 25, 1919, ch. 29, § 4, 40 Stat. 1157).
This section consolidates sections 11–203 and 11–303 of District of Columbia Code, 1940 ed., and section 372 of title 28, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with that portion of section 241 of said title 28 providing that judges of the Court of Claims shall take an oath of office. The remainder of said section 241 comprises sections 171 and 173 of this title.
The phrase “justice or judge of the United States” was substituted for “justices of the Supreme Court, the circuit judges, and the district judges” appearing in said section 372, in order to extend the provisions of this section to judges of the Court of Claims, Customs Court, and Court of Customs and Patent Appeals and to all judges of any court which may be created by enactment of Congress. See definition in section 451 of this title.
The Attorney General has ruled that the expression “any judge of any court of the United States” applied to the Chief Justice and all judges of the Court of Claims. (21 Op. Atty. Gen. 449.)
Editorial Notes
Amendments
1990—Pub. L. 101–650 substituted “under the Constitution” for “according to the best of my abilities and understanding, agreeably to the Constitution”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 1990 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 101–650 effective 90 days after , see section 407 of Pub. L. 101–650, set out as a note under section 332 of this title.
Credits
1948–1990 · 2 acts
- 1948June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 907
- 1990Pub. L. 101–650, title IV, § 404, , 104 Stat. 5124.
Show as published
(June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 907; Pub. L. 101–650, title IV, § 404, , 104 Stat. 5124.)