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Title 29 — Labor

Part 5 · Chapter 18 — Employee Retirement Income Security Program

§ 1131. Criminal penalties

Statutory text

(a)

Any person who willfully violates any provision of part 1 of this subtitle, or any regulation or order issued under any such provision, shall upon conviction be fined not more than $100,000 or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both; except that in the case of such violation by a person not an individual, the fine imposed upon such person shall be a fine not exceeding $500,000.

(b)

Any person that violates section 1149 of this title shall upon conviction be imprisoned not more than 10 years or fined under title 18, or both.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974

    Pub. L. 93–406 title I § 501 · 88 Stat. 829

    Enacted · 29 U.S.C. § 1131

    Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 501, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 891

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 501, Sept. 2, 1974, 88 Stat. 891

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 501. criminal penalties Any person who willfully violates any provision of part 1 29 USC 1131. Ante, p. 840. of this subtitle, or any regulation or order issued under any such provision, shall upon conviction be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; except that in the case of such violation by a person not an individual, the fine imposed upon such person shall be a fine not exceeding $100,000.

  2. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

    Pub. L. 107–204 title IX § 904 · 116 Stat. 745

    1. Substituted · 29 U.S.C. § 1131

      Pub. L. 107–204 substituted “$100,000” for “$5,000”

    2. Substituted · 29 U.S.C. § 1131

      Pub. L. 107–204 substituted “10 years” for “one year”

    3. Substituted · 29 U.S.C. § 1131

      Pub. L. 107–204 substituted “$500,000” for “$100,000”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 107–204 substituted “$100,000” for “$5,000”, “10 years” for “one year”, and “$500,000” for “$100,000”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 904. CRIMINAL PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT OF 1974. Section 501 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1131) is amended— (1) by striking “$5,000” and inserting “$100,000”; (2) by striking “one year” and inserting “10 years”; and (3) by striking “$100,000” and inserting “$500,000”.

  3. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

    Pub. L. 111–148 title VI § 6601(b) · 124 Stat. 119

    1. Amended · 29 U.S.C. § 1131

      Pub. L. 111–148 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a)

    2. Added · 29 U.S.C. § 1131

      Pub. L. 111–148 added subsec. (b)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 111–148 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Criminal Penalties.— Section 501 of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (29 U.S.C. 1131) is amended— (1) by inserting “(a)” before “Any person”; and (2) by adding at the end the following: “(b) Any person that violates section 519 shall upon conviction be imprisoned not more than 10 years or fined under title 18, United States Code, or both.” .

6 of 6 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

Amendments2002–2010 · 2 rounds

2010

Pub. L. 111–148 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a) and added subsec. (b).

2002

Pub. L. 107–204 substituted “$100,000” for “$5,000”, “10 years” for “one year”, and “$500,000” for “$100,000”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Regulations

Secretary authorized, effective , to promulgate regulations wherever provisions of this subchapter call for the promulgation of regulations, see section 1031 of this title.

Credits

1974–2010 · 3 acts
  1. 1974Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 501, , 88 Stat. 891
  2. 2002Pub. L. 107–204, title IX, § 904, , 116 Stat. 805
  3. 2010Pub. L. 111–148, title VI, § 6601(b), , 124 Stat. 779.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 93–406, title I, § 501, , 88 Stat. 891; Pub. L. 107–204, title IX, § 904, , 116 Stat. 805; Pub. L. 111–148, title VI, § 6601(b), , 124 Stat. 779.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc29.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-04-17

USLM identifier /us/usc/t29/s1131