Skip to content

Title 31 — Money and Finance

Chapter 3 — Department of the Treasury

§ 330. Practice before the Department

Statutory text

(a)

Subject to section 500 of title 5, the Secretary of the Treasury may—

(1)

regulate the practice of representatives of persons before the Department of the Treasury; and

(2)

before admitting a representative to practice, require that the representative demonstrate—

(A)

good character;

(B)

good reputation;

(C)

necessary qualifications to enable the representative to provide to persons valuable service; and

(D)

competency to advise and assist persons in presenting their cases.

(b)

Any enrolled agents properly licensed to practice as required under rules promulgated under subsection (a) shall be allowed to use the credentials or designation of “enrolled agent”, “EA”, or “E.A.”.

(c)

After notice and opportunity for a proceeding, the Secretary may suspend or disbar from practice before the Department, or censure, a representative who—

(1)

is incompetent;

(2)

is disreputable;

(3)

violates regulations prescribed under this section; or

(4)

with intent to defraud, willfully and knowingly misleads or threatens the person being represented or a prospective person to be represented.

The Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on any representative described in the preceding sentence. If the representative was acting on behalf of an employer or any firm or other entity in connection with the conduct giving rise to such penalty, the Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on such employer, firm, or entity if it knew, or reasonably should have known, of such conduct. Such penalty shall not exceed the gross income derived (or to be derived) from the conduct giving rise to the penalty and may be in addition to, or in lieu of, any suspension, disbarment, or censure of the representative.

(d)

After notice and opportunity for a hearing to any appraiser, the Secretary may—

(1)

provide that appraisals by such appraiser shall not have any probative effect in any administrative proceeding before the Department of the Treasury or the Internal Revenue Service, and

(2)

bar such appraiser from presenting evidence or testimony in any such proceeding.

(e)

Nothing in this section or in any other provision of law shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to impose standards applicable to the rendering of written advice with respect to any entity, transaction plan or arrangement, or other plan or arrangement, which is of a type which the Secretary determines as having a potential for tax avoidance or evasion.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 97–258 · 96 Stat. 884

    Enacted · 31 U.S.C. § 330

    Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 884

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 97–258, Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 884

  2. Tax Reform Act of 1984

    Pub. L. 98–369 div. A title I § 156(a) · 98 Stat. 494

    Added · 31 U.S.C. § 330(c)

    Pub. L. 98–369 added subsec. (c)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–369 added subsec. (c).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) In General.— Section 330 of title 31, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: “(c) After notice and opportunity for a hearing to any appraiser with respect to whom a penalty has been assessed under section 6701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the Secretary may— 26 USC 6701. “(1) provide that appraisals by such appraiser shall not have any probative effect in any administrative proceeding before the Department of the Treasury or the Internal Revenue Service, and “(2) bar such appraiser from presenting evidence or testimony in any such proceeding.”

  3. Tax Reform Act of 1986

    Pub. L. 99–514 § 2 · 100 Stat. 2085

    Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 330(c)

    Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 2. INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986. (a) Redesignation of 1954 Code.— The Internal Revenue Title enacted August 16, 1954, as heretofore, hereby, or hereafter amended, may be cited as the “Internal Revenue Code of 1986”. (b) References in Laws, Etc.— Except when inappropriate, any reference in any law, Executive order, or other document— (1) to the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 shall include a reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and (2) to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 shall include a reference to the provisions of law formerly known as the Internal Revenue Code of 1954.

  4. Pub. L. 108–357 § 822(a)(1) · 118 Stat. 1418

    1. Inserted · 31 U.S.C. § 330(b)

      Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(a)(1), inserted “, or censure,” after “Department” in introductory provisions

    2. Inserted · 31 U.S.C. § 330(b)

      Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(a)(1), inserted at end “The Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on any representative described in the preceding sentence. If the representative was acting on behalf of an employer or any firm or other entity in connection with the conduct giving rise to such penalty, the Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on such employer, firm, or entity if it knew, or reasonably should have known, of such conduct. Such penalty shall not exceed the gross income derived (or to be derived) from the conduct giving rise to the penalty and may be in addition to, or in lieu of, any suspension, disbarment, or censure of the representative.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(a)(1), inserted “, or censure,” after “Department” in introductory provisions and inserted at end “The Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on any representative described in the preceding sentence. If the representative was acting on behalf of an employer or any firm or other entity in connection with the conduct giving rise to such penalty, the Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on such employer, firm, or entity if it knew, or reasonably should have known, of such conduct. Such penalty shall not exceed the gross income derived (or to be derived) from the conduct giving rise to the penalty and may be in addition to, or in lieu of, any suspension, disbarment, or censure of the representative.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) In general.— Section 330(b) of title 31, United States Code, is amended— (A) by inserting “, or censure,” after “Department”, and (B) by adding at the end the following new flush sentence: “The Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on any representative described in the preceding sentence. If the representative was acting on behalf of an employer or any firm or other entity in connection with the conduct giving rise to such penalty, the Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on such employer, firm, or entity if it knew, or reasonably should have known, of such conduct. Such penalty shall not exceed the gross income derived (or to be derived) from the conduct giving rise to the penalty and may be in addition to, or in lieu of, any suspension, disbarment, or censure of the representative.” .

  5. Pub. L. 108–357 § 822(b) · 118 Stat. 1418

    Added · 31 U.S.C. § 330(d)

    Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(b), added subsec. (d)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(b), added subsec. (d).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Tax Shelter Opinions, Etc.— Section 330 of such title 31 is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(d) Nothing in this section or in any other provision of law shall be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of the Treasury to impose standards applicable to the rendering of written advice with respect to any entity, transaction plan or arrangement, or other plan or arrangement, which is of a type which the Secretary determines as having a potential for tax avoidance or evasion.” .

  6. Pub. L. 109–280 title XII § 1219(d) · 120 Stat. 780

    Struck · 31 U.S.C. § 330(c)

    Pub. L. 109–280 struck out “with respect to whom a penalty has been assessed under section 6701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986” after “any appraiser” in introductory provisions

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–280 struck out “with respect to whom a penalty has been assessed under section 6701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986” after “any appraiser” in introductory provisions.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (d) Disciplinary Actions Against Appraisers.— Section 330(c) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking “with respect to whom a penalty has been assessed under section 6701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986”.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 109–280 applicable to appraisals prepared with respect to returns or submissions filed after Aug. 17, 2006, see section 1219(e)(2) of Pub. L. 109–280, set out as a note under section 170 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

  7. Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2016

    Pub. L. 114–113 div. Q title IV § 410 · 129 Stat. 2242

    1. Added · 31 U.S.C. § 330(b)(e)

      Pub. L. 114–113 added subsec. (b)

    2. Redesignated · 31 U.S.C. § 330(b)(e)

      Pub. L. 114–113 redesignated former subsecs. (b) to (d) as (c) to (e), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 114–113 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) to (d) as (c) to (e), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 410. timber sale requirements No timber sale in Alaska’s Region 10 shall be advertised if the indicated rate is deficit (defined as the value of the timber is not sufficient to cover all logging and stumpage costs and provide a normal profit and risk allowance under the Forest Service’s appraisal process) when appraised using a residual value appraisal. The western red cedar timber from those sales which is surplus to the needs of the domestic processors in Alaska, shall be made available to domestic processors in the contiguous 48 United States at prevailing domestic prices. All additional western red cedar volume not sold to Alaska or contiguous 48 United States domestic processors may be exported to foreign markets at the election of the timber sale holder. All Alaska yellow cedar may be sold at prevailing export prices at the election of the timber sale holder.

8 of 9 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial

Notes

historicalAndRevision
Historical and Revision Notes
Revised SectionSource (U.S. CodeSource (Statutes at Large)
330(a)31:1026(1st sentence).July 7, 1884, ch. 334, § 3(proviso and sentence immediately after proviso under heading “War Department”), 23 Stat. 258.
330(b)31:1026(last sentence).

In the section, the words “representatives of persons” are substituted for “agents, attorneys, or other persons representing claimants before his department” to eliminate unnecessary words.

In subsection (a), before clause (1), the words “Subject to section 500 of title 5” are added for clarity and to conform to title 5. In clause (1), the word “regulate” is substituted for “prescribe rules and regulations” to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “the practice” are substituted for “before being recognized” for consistency with other revised titles of the United States Code. In clause (2)(C), the words “possessed of the” are omitted because of the restatement.

In subsection (b), the word “proceeding” is substituted for “hearing” because of subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5. In clause (3), the words “violates regulations prescribed under this section” are substituted for “who refuses to comply with said rules and regulations” to eliminate unnecessary words. In clause (4), the words “in any manner” are omitted as surplus. The word “deceive” is omitted as being included in the word “mislead”. The words “by word, circular, letter, or by advertisement” are omitted as unnecessary.

Editorial Notes

Amendments1984–2015 · 5 rounds

2015

Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 114–113 added subsec. (b) and redesignated former subsecs. (b) to (d) as (c) to (e), respectively.

2006

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–280 struck out “with respect to whom a penalty has been assessed under section 6701(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986” after “any appraiser” in introductory provisions.

2004

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(a)(1), inserted “, or censure,” after “Department” in introductory provisions and inserted at end “The Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on any representative described in the preceding sentence. If the representative was acting on behalf of an employer or any firm or other entity in connection with the conduct giving rise to such penalty, the Secretary may impose a monetary penalty on such employer, firm, or entity if it knew, or reasonably should have known, of such conduct. Such penalty shall not exceed the gross income derived (or to be derived) from the conduct giving rise to the penalty and may be in addition to, or in lieu of, any suspension, disbarment, or censure of the representative.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 108–357, § 822(b), added subsec. (d).

1986

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 99–514 substituted “Internal Revenue Code of 1986” for “Internal Revenue Code of 1954”.

1984

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–369 added subsec. (c).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2006 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 109–280 applicable to appraisals prepared with respect to returns or submissions filed after , see section 1219(e)(2) of Pub. L. 109–280, set out as a note under section 170 of Title 26, Internal Revenue Code.

Effective Date of 2004 Amendment

Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 822(a)(2), , 118 Stat. 1587, provided that: “The amendments made by this subsection [amending this section] shall apply to actions taken after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 156(b), , 98 Stat. 695, provided that: “The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to penalties assessed after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

Credits

1982–2015 · 6 acts
  1. 1982Pub. L. 97–258, , 96 Stat. 884
  2. 1984Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 156(a), , 98 Stat. 695
  3. 1986Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, , 100 Stat. 2095
  4. 2004Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 822(a)(1), (b), , 118 Stat. 1586, 1587
  5. 2006Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, § 1219(d), , 120 Stat. 1085
  6. 2015Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title IV, § 410, , 129 Stat. 3121.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 97–258, , 96 Stat. 884; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title I, § 156(a), , 98 Stat. 695; Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, , 100 Stat. 2095; Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 822(a)(1), (b), , 118 Stat. 1586, 1587; Pub. L. 109–280, title XII, § 1219(d), , 120 Stat. 1085; Pub. L. 114–113, div. Q, title IV, § 410, , 129 Stat. 3121.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc31.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-09-16

USLM identifier /us/usc/t31/s330