Title 33 — Navigation and Navigable Waters
Chapter 50 — Federal Ocean Acidification Research and Monitoring
§ 3705. NOAA ocean acidification activities
Statutory text
In general
The Secretary shall establish and maintain an ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to conduct research, monitoring, coordination, and other activities consistent with the strategic research and implementation plan developed by the Subcommittee under section 3704 of this title that—
includes—
interdisciplinary research among the ocean and atmospheric sciences, and coordinated research and activities to improve understanding of ocean acidification and coastal acidification;
the establishment of a long-term monitoring program of ocean acidification and coastal acidification utilizing existing global and national ocean observing assets, including leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies, and adding instrumentation and sampling stations as appropriate to the aims of the research program;
prioritization of the location of monitoring instruments, assets, and projects to maximize the efficiency of resources and agency and department missions;
an optimization of understanding of socioeconomic impacts and ecosystem health 1
research to identify and develop adaptation and mitigation strategies and techniques for effectively conserving marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean acidification and coastal acidification;
technical assistance to socioeconomically vulnerable States, local governments, Tribal governments, communities, and industries impacted by ocean and coastal acidification to support their development of ocean and coastal acidification mitigation strategies;
as an integral part of the research programs described in this chapter, educational opportunities that encourage an interdisciplinary and international approach to exploring the impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification;
as an integral part of the research programs described in this chapter, national public outreach activities to improve the understanding of current scientific knowledge of ocean acidification and coastal acidification and their respective impacts on marine resources;
coordination of ocean acidification and coastal acidification research, monitoring, and adaptation and mitigation strategies with other appropriate international ocean science bodies such as the International Oceanographic Commission, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, and others;
research to improve understanding of—
the impact of ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and
how multiple environmental stressors may contribute to and exacerbate ocean and coastal acidification on living marine resources and coastal ecosystems; and
research to support the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic impacts of ocean and coastal acidification on coastal communities;
provides grants for critical research, education, and outreach projects that explore and communicate the effects of ocean acidification and coastal acidification on ecosystems and the socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification and coastal acidification that are relevant to the goals and priorities of the strategic research plan;
incorporates a competitive merit-based process for awarding grants that may be conducted jointly with other participating agencies or under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program under section 8931 of title 10; and
includes an ongoing mechanism that allows industry members, coastal stakeholders, fishery management councils and commissions, non-Federal resource managers, community acidification networks, indigenous knowledge groups, and scientific experts to provide input on monitoring needs that are necessary to support on the ground management, decision making, and adaptation related to ocean acidification and its impacts.
Additional authority
In conducting the Program, the Secretary may enter into and perform such contracts, leases, grants, or cooperative agreements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this chapter on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate.
Relationship to interagency working group
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall serve as the lead Federal agency responsible for coordinating the Federal response to ocean and coastal acidification. The Administration may enter into Memoranda of Understanding to—
coordinate monitoring and research efforts among Federal agencies in cooperation with State, local, and Tribal governments and international partners; this may include analysis and synthesis of the results of monitoring and research;
maintain an Ocean Acidification Information Exchange described under section 3703(b)(5) of this title to allow for information to be electronically accessible, including information—
on ocean acidification developed through or used by the ocean acidification program described under subsection (a); or
that would be useful to State governments, local governments, Tribal governments, resource managers, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in mitigating or adapting to the impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and
establishing and maintaining the data archive system under subsection (d).
Data archive system
In general
The Secretary, in coordination with the members of the interagency working group, shall support the long-term stewardship of, and access to, data relating to ocean and coastal acidification through providing the data on a publicly accessible data archive system. To the extent possible, this data archive system shall collect and provide access to ocean and coastal acidification data—
from relevant federally funded research;
provided by a Federal, State, or local government, academic scientist, citizen scientist, or industry organization;
voluntarily submitted by Tribes or Tribal governments; and
from existing global or national data assets that are currently maintained within Federal agencies.
Data standards
The Secretary to, the extent possible, shall ensure all such data adheres to data and metadata standards to support the public findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of such data.
Footnotes
- 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a semicolon.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Federal Ocean Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009
Pub. L. 111–11 title XII § 12406 · 123 Stat. 991
Enacted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705
Pub. L. 111–11, title XII, § 12406, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1440
Source evidence
Code source credit
Pub. L. 111–11, title XII, § 12406, Mar. 30, 2009, 123 Stat. 1440Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 12406. NOAA OCEAN ACIDIFICATION ACTIVITIES. (a) In General.— The Secretary shall establish and maintain an ocean acidification program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to conduct research, monitoring, and other activities consistent with the strategic research and implementation plan developed by the Subcommittee under section 12405 that— (1) includes— (A) interdisciplinary research among the ocean and atmospheric sciences, and coordinated research and activities to improve understanding of ocean acidification; (B) the establishment of a long-term monitoring program of ocean acidification utilizing existing global and national ocean observing assets, and adding instrumentation and sampling stations as appropriate to the aims of the research program; (C) research to identify and develop adaptation strategies and techniques for effectively conserving marine ecosystems as they cope with increased ocean acidification; (D) as an integral part of the research programs described in this subtitle, educational opportunities that encourage an interdisciplinary and international approach to exploring the impacts of ocean acidification; (E) as an integral part of the research programs described in this subtitle, national public outreach activities to improve the understanding of current scientific knowledge of ocean acidification and its impacts on marine resources; and (F) coordination of ocean acidification monitoring and impacts research with other appropriate international ocean science bodies such as the International Oceanographic Commission, the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, and others; (2) provides grants for critical research projects that explore the effects of ocean acidification on ecosystems and the socioeconomic impacts of increased ocean acidification that are relevant to the goals and priorities of the strategic research plan; and (3) incorporates a competitive merit-based process for awarding grants that may be conducted jointly with other participating agencies or under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program under section 7901 of title 10, United States Code. (b) Additional Authority.— In conducting the Program, the Secretary may enter into and perform such contracts, leases, grants, or cooperative agreements as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subtitle on such terms as the Secretary considers appropriate.John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019
Pub. L. 115–232 div. A title VIII § 809(k)(2) · 132 Stat. 1636
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(3)
Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 8931 of title 10” for “section 7901 of title 10”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 8931 of title 10” for “section 7901 of title 10”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Section 12406(a)(3) of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3705(a)(3)) is amended by striking “section 7901 of title 10, United States Code” and inserting “section 8931 of title 10, United States Code”.Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective Feb. 1, 2019, with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.Coordinated Ocean Observations and Research Act of 2020
Pub. L. 116–271 title I § 111 · 134 Stat. 3331
Added · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(4)
Pub. L. 116–271 added par. (4)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 116–271 added par. (4).Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 111. STAKEHOLDER INPUT ON MONITORING. Section 12406(a) of the Federal Ocean Acidification Research And Monitoring Act of 2009 (33 U.S.C. 3705(a)) is amended— (1) in paragraph (2), by striking “and” at the end; (2) in paragraph (3), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and (3) by adding at the end the following: “(4) includes an ongoing mechanism that allows industry members, coastal stakeholders, fishery management councils and commissions, non-Federal resource managers, community acidification networks, indigenous knowledge groups, and scientific experts to provide input on monitoring needs that are necessary to support on the ground management, decision making, and adaptation related to ocean acidification and its impacts.” .Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(A) · 136 Stat. 1366
Inserted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(A), inserted “coordination,” after “research, monitoring,” in introductory provisions
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(A), inserted “coordination,” after “research, monitoring,” in introductory provisions.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “coordination,” after “research, monitoring,”;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(D) · 136 Stat. 1366
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(D), substituted “acidification and coastal acidification” for “acidification” wherever appearing. Amendment was not executed in subpars. (F), (J), and (K) as added by Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(v), (viii), to reflect the probable intent of Congress
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(D), substituted “acidification and coastal acidification” for “acidification” wherever appearing. Amendment was not executed in subpars. (F), (J), and (K) as added by Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(v), (viii), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(D) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking “acidification” each place it appears and inserting “acidification and coastal acidification”; andCoastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(i) · 136 Stat. 1366
Inserted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(B)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(i), inserted “including leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies,” after “ocean observing assets,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(i), inserted “including leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies,” after “ocean observing assets,”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(i) in subparagraph (B), by inserting “including leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies,” after “ocean observing assets,”;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(iii) · 136 Stat. 1366
Redesignated · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(C); 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(D)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(iii), added subpars. (C) and (D). Former subpars. (C) and (D) redesignated (E) and (G), respectively
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(iii), added subpars. (C) and (D). Former subpars. (C) and (D) redesignated (E) and (G), respectively.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new subparagraphs: “(C) prioritization of the location of monitoring instruments, assets, and projects to maximize the efficiency of resources and agency and department missions; “(D) an optimization of understanding of socioeconomic impacts and ecosystem health” .Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(ii) · 136 Stat. 1366
Redesignated · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(E)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (iv), redesignated subpar. (C) as (E)
Redesignated · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(E)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (iv), substituted “adaptation and mitigation” for “adaptation”. Former subpar. (E) redesignated (H)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (iv), redesignated subpar. (C) as (E) and substituted “adaptation and mitigation” for “adaptation”. Former subpar. (E) redesignated (H).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (E), (G), (H), and (I), respectively;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(v) · 136 Stat. 1366
Added · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(F)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(v), added subpar. (F)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(v), added subpar. (F).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(v) by inserting after subparagraph (E), as so redesignated, the following new subparagraph: “(F) technical assistance to socioeconomically vulnerable States, local governments, Tribal governments, communities, and industries impacted by ocean and coastal acidification to support their development of ocean and coastal acidification mitigation strategies;” .Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(ii) · 136 Stat. 1366
Redesignated · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(G)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), redesignated subpar. (D) as (G)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), redesignated subpar. (D) as (G).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (E), (G), (H), and (I), respectively;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(ii) · 136 Stat. 1366
Redesignated · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(H)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vi), redesignated subpar. (E) as (H)
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(H)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vi), substituted “their respective impacts” for “its impacts”
Struck · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(H)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vi), struck out “and” at end
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vi), redesignated subpar. (E) as (H), substituted “their respective impacts” for “its impacts”, and struck out “and” at end.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (E), (G), (H), and (I), respectively;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(vii)(II) · 136 Stat. 1366
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(I)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(vii)(II), which directed the substitution of a semicolon for a period at the end, could not be executed because a semicolon, rather than a period, already appeared at the end
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(I). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(vii)(II), which directed the substitution of a semicolon for a period at the end, could not be executed because a semicolon, rather than a period, already appeared at the end.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(II) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; andCoastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(ii) · 136 Stat. 1366
Redesignated · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(I)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vii)(I), redesignated subpar. (F) as (I)
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(I)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vii)(I), substituted “research, monitoring, and adaptation and mitigation strategies” for “monitoring and impacts research”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vii)(I), redesignated subpar. (F) as (I) and substituted “research, monitoring, and adaptation and mitigation strategies” for “monitoring and impacts research”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(ii) by redesignating subparagraphs (C), (D), (E), and (F) as subparagraphs (E), (G), (H), and (I), respectively;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(B)(viii) · 136 Stat. 1366
Added · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(J); 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(1)(K)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(viii), added subpars. (J) and (K)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1)(J), (K). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(viii), added subpars. (J) and (K).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(viii) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs: “(J) research to improve understanding of— “(i) the impact of ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and “(ii) how multiple environmental stressors may contribute to and exacerbate ocean and coastal acidification on living marine resources and coastal ecosystems; and “(K) research to support the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies to address the socioeconomic impacts of ocean and coastal acidification on coastal communities;” ;Coastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(D) · 136 Stat. 1366
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(2)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(D), substituted “acidification and coastal acidification” for “acidification” in two places
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(D), substituted “acidification and coastal acidification” for “acidification” in two places.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(D) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking “acidification” each place it appears and inserting “acidification and coastal acidification”; andCoastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(1)(C) · 136 Stat. 1366
Substituted · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(a)(2)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(C), substituted “critical research, education, and outreach projects that explore and communicate” for “critical research projects that explore”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(C), substituted “critical research, education, and outreach projects that explore and communicate” for “critical research projects that explore”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking “critical research projects that explore” and inserting “critical research, education, and outreach projects that explore and communicate”; andCoastal and Ocean Acidification Research and Innovation Act of 2021
Pub. L. 117–167 § 10646(2) · 136 Stat. 1366
Added · 33 U.S.C. § 3705(c); 33 U.S.C. § 3705(d)
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsections: “(c) Relationship to Interagency Working Group.— The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall serve as the lead Federal agency responsible for coordinating the Federal response to ocean and coastal acidification. Memorandums. The Administration may enter into Memoranda of Understanding to— “(1) coordinate monitoring and research efforts among Federal agencies in cooperation with State, local, and Tribal governments and international partners; this may include analysis and synthesis of the results of monitoring and research; “(2) maintain an Ocean Acidification Information Exchange described under section 12404(b)(5) to allow for information to be electronically accessible, including information— “(A) on ocean acidification developed through or used by the ocean acidification program described under subsection (a); or “(B) that would be useful to State governments, local governments, Tribal governments, resource managers, policymakers, researchers, and other stakeholders in mitigating or adapting to the impacts of ocean acidification and coastal acidification; and “(3) establishing and maintaining the data archive system under subsection (d). “(d) Data Archive System.— “(1) In general.— The Secretary, in coordination with the members of the interagency working group, shall support the long-term stewardship of, and access to, data relating to ocean and coastal acidification through providing the data on a publicly accessible data archive system. To the extent possible, this data archive system shall collect and provide access to ocean and coastal acidification data— “(A) from relevant federally funded research; “(B) provided by a Federal, State, or local government, academic scientist, citizen scientist, or industry organization; “(C) voluntarily submitted by Tribes or Tribal governments; and “(D) from existing global or national data assets that are currently maintained within Federal agencies. “(2) Data standards.— The Secretary to, the extent possible, shall ensure all such data adheres to data and metadata standards to support the public findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability of such data.” .
21 of 21 references resolved to an enrolled provision
Editorial Notes
Amendments2018–2022 · 3 rounds
2022
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(A), inserted “coordination,” after “research, monitoring,” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(D), substituted “acidification and coastal acidification” for “acidification” wherever appearing. Amendment was not executed in subpars. (F), (J), and (K) as added by Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(v), (viii), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.
Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(i), inserted “including leveraging, as appropriate, the Integrated Ocean Observing System and the ocean observing assets of other Federal, State, and Tribal agencies,” after “ocean observing assets,”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(C), (D). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(iii), added subpars. (C) and (D). Former subpars. (C) and (D) redesignated (E) and (G), respectively.
Subsec. (a)(1)(E). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (iv), redesignated subpar. (C) as (E) and substituted “adaptation and mitigation” for “adaptation”. Former subpar. (E) redesignated (H).
Subsec. (a)(1)(F). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(v), added subpar. (F).
Subsec. (a)(1)(G). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), redesignated subpar. (D) as (G).
Subsec. (a)(1)(H). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vi), redesignated subpar. (E) as (H), substituted “their respective impacts” for “its impacts”, and struck out “and” at end.
Subsec. (a)(1)(I). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(vii)(II), which directed the substitution of a semicolon for a period at the end, could not be executed because a semicolon, rather than a period, already appeared at the end.
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(ii), (vii)(I), redesignated subpar. (F) as (I) and substituted “research, monitoring, and adaptation and mitigation strategies” for “monitoring and impacts research”.
Subsec. (a)(1)(J), (K). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(B)(viii), added subpars. (J) and (K).
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(D), substituted “acidification and coastal acidification” for “acidification” in two places.
Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(1)(C), substituted “critical research, education, and outreach projects that explore and communicate” for “critical research projects that explore”.
Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 117–167, § 10646(2), added subsecs. (c) and (d).
2020
Subsec. (a)(4). Pub. L. 116–271 added par. (4).
2018
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 115–232 substituted “section 8931 of title 10” for “section 7901 of title 10”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2018 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 115–232 effective , with provision for the coordination of amendments and special rule for certain redesignations, see section 800 of Pub. L. 115–232, set out as a note preceding section 3001 of Title 10, Armed Forces.