Title 34 — Crime Control and Law Enforcement
Chapter 101 — Justice System Improvement
§ 10231. Confidentiality of information
Statutory text
Research or statistical information; immunity from process; prohibition against admission as evidence or use in any proceedings
No officer or employee of the Federal Government, and no recipient of assistance under the provisions of this chapter shall use or reveal any research or statistical information furnished under any law to any component of the Office of Justice Programs, or furnished otherwise under this chapter, by any entity or person, including any information identifiable to any specific private person, for any purpose other than the purpose for which it was obtained in accordance with this chapter. Such information and copies thereof shall be immune from legal process, and shall not, without the consent of the entity or person furnishing such information or to whom such information pertains, be admitted as evidence or used for any purpose in any action, suit, or other judicial, legislative, or administrative proceedings.
Criminal history information; disposition and arrest data; procedures for collection, storage, dissemination, and current status; security and privacy; availability for law enforcement, criminal justice, and other lawful purposes; automated systems: review, challenge, and correction of information
All criminal history information collected, stored, or disseminated through support under this chapter shall contain, to the maximum extent feasible, disposition as well as arrest data where arrest data is included therein. The collection, storage, and dissemination of such information shall take place under procedures reasonably designed to insure that all such information is kept current therein; the Office of Justice Programs shall assure that the security and privacy of all information is adequately provided for and that information shall only be used for law enforcement and criminal justice and other lawful purposes. In addition, an individual who believes that criminal history information concerning him contained in an automated system is inaccurate, incomplete, or maintained in violation of this chapter, shall, upon satisfactory verification of his identity, be entitled to review such information and to obtain a copy of it for the purpose of challenge or correction.
Criminal intelligence systems and information; prohibition against violation of privacy and constitutional rights of individuals
All criminal intelligence systems operating through support under this chapter shall collect, maintain, and disseminate criminal intelligence information in conformance with policy standards which are prescribed by the Office of Justice Programs and which are written to assure that the funding and operation of these systems furthers the purpose of this chapter and to assure that such systems are not utilized in violation of the privacy and constitutional rights of individuals.
Violations; fine as additional penalty
Any person violating the provisions of this section, or of any rule, regulation, or order issued thereunder, shall be fined not to exceed $10,000, in addition to any other penalty imposed by law.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968
Pub. L. 90–351 title I § 812 · 82 Stat. 197
Enacted · 34 U.S.C. § 10231
Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 812, formerly § 818, as added Pub. L. 96–157, § 2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1213
Source evidence
Code source credit
Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 812, formerly § 818, as added Pub. L. 96–157, § 2, Dec. 27, 1979, 93 Stat. 1213Pub. L. 98–473 title II § 609B(f) · 98 Stat. 1837
Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 10231(b); 34 U.S.C. § 10231(c)
Pub. L. 98–473, 609B(k), substituted “Office of Justice Programs” for “Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 98–473, 609B(k), substituted “Office of Justice Programs” for “Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics”.Violence Against Women and Department of Justice Reauthorization Act of 2005
Pub. L. 109–162 title XI § 1115(c) · 119 Stat. 2960
Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 10231(a)
Pub. L. 109–162 substituted “No” for “Except as provided by Federal law other than this chapter, no”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–162 substituted “No” for “Except as provided by Federal law other than this chapter, no”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(c) Confidentiality of Information.— Section 812(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 3789g(a)) is amended by striking “Except as provided by Federal law other than this title, no” and inserting “No”.Pub. L. 119–60 div. H title LXXXII § 8205(b)(1) · 139 Stat. 1849
Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 10231(a)
Pub. L. 119–60 substituted “furnished under any law to any component of the Office of Justice Programs, or furnished otherwise under this chapter, by any entity or person, including any information identifiable to any specific private person,” for “furnished under this chapter by any person and identifiable to any specific private person” in second sentence
Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 10231(a)
Pub. L. 119–60 substituted “entity or person furnishing such information or to whom such information pertains” for “person furnishing such information” in second sentence
Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 119–60 substituted “furnished under any law to any component of the Office of Justice Programs, or furnished otherwise under this chapter, by any entity or person, including any information identifiable to any specific private person,” for “furnished under this chapter by any person and identifiable to any specific private person” in first sentence, and “entity or person furnishing such information or to whom such information pertains” for “person furnishing such information” in second sentence.Effective date note
Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXII, § 8205(b)(2), Dec. 18, 2025, 139 Stat. 1849, provided that: “The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall—
1 of 5 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 2 partial · 2 unresolved
Editorial Notes
Codification
Section was formerly classified to section 3789g of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section.
Prior Provisions
A prior section 812 of Pub. L. 90–351 was classified to section 3789a of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to repeal by section 609B(e) of Pub. L. 98–473.
Amendments1984–2025 · 3 rounds
2025
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 119–60 substituted “furnished under any law to any component of the Office of Justice Programs, or furnished otherwise under this chapter, by any entity or person, including any information identifiable to any specific private person,” for “furnished under this chapter by any person and identifiable to any specific private person” in first sentence, and “entity or person furnishing such information or to whom such information pertains” for “person furnishing such information” in second sentence.
2006
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–162 substituted “No” for “Except as provided by Federal law other than this chapter, no”.
1984
Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 98–473, 609B(k), substituted “Office of Justice Programs” for “Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2025 Amendment
Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXII, § 8205(b)(2), , 139 Stat. 1849, provided that:
“The amendments made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall—
“(A) shall take effect for all purposes as if enacted on ; and
“(B) apply to any matter pending, before the Department of Justice or otherwise, as of the date of enactment of this Act [].”
Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
Amendment by section 609B(k) of Pub. L. 98–473 effective , see section 609AA(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as an Effective Date note under section 10101 of this title.
Construction
Terms “this chapter” and “this section”, as such terms appear in this section, deemed to be references to chapter 501 and section 50105 of this title, respectively, and reference to the Office of Justice Programs in this section deemed to be a reference to the Attorney General, see section 50105 of this title.
Credits
1979–2025 · 4 acts
- 1979Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 812, formerly § 818, as added Pub. L. 96–157, § 2, , 93 Stat. 1213
- 1984renumbered § 812 and amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 609B(f), (k), , 98 Stat. 2093, 2096
- 2006Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1115(c), , 119 Stat. 3104
- 2025Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXII, § 8205(b)(1), , 139 Stat. 1849.
Show as published
(Pub. L. 90–351, title I, § 812, formerly § 818, as added Pub. L. 96–157, § 2, , 93 Stat. 1213; renumbered § 812 and amended Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 609B(f), (k), , 98 Stat. 2093, 2096; Pub. L. 109–162, title XI, § 1115(c), , 119 Stat. 3104; Pub. L. 119–60, div. H, title LXXXII, § 8205(b)(1), , 139 Stat. 1849.)