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Title 34 — Crime Control and Law Enforcement

Part A · Chapter 111 — Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention

§ 11212. Eligibility; plan requirements

Statutory text

(a)

Runaway and homeless youth center; project providing temporary shelter; counseling services

To be eligible for assistance under section 11211(a) of this title, an applicant shall propose to establish, strengthen, or fund an existing or proposed runaway and homeless youth center, a locally controlled project (including a host family home) that provides temporary shelter, and counseling services to youth who have left home without permission of their parents or guardians or to other homeless youth.

(b)

Provisions of plan

In order to qualify for assistance under section 11211(a) of this title, an applicant shall submit a plan to the Secretary including assurances that the applicant—

(1)

shall operate a runaway and homeless youth center located in an area which is demonstrably frequented by or easily reachable by runaway and homeless youth;

(2)

shall use such assistance to establish, to strengthen, or to fund a runaway and homeless youth center, or a locally controlled facility providing temporary shelter, that has—

(A)

a maximum capacity of not more than 20 youth, except where the applicant assures that the State where the center or locally controlled facility is located has a State or local law or regulation that requires a higher maximum to comply with licensure requirements for child and youth serving facilities; and

(B)

a ratio of staff to youth that is sufficient to ensure adequate supervision and treatment;

(3)

shall develop adequate plans for contacting the parents or other relatives of the youth and ensuring the safe return of the youth according to the best interests of the youth, for contacting local government officials pursuant to informal arrangements established with such officials by the runaway and homeless youth center and for providing for other appropriate alternative living arrangements;

(4)

shall develop an adequate plan for ensuring—

(A)

proper relations with law enforcement personnel, health and mental health care personnel, social service personnel, school system personnel, and welfare personnel;

(B)

coordination with McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432(g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act [42 U.S.C. 11431 et seq.]; and

(C)

the return of runaway and homeless youth from correctional institutions;

(5)

shall develop an adequate plan for providing counseling and aftercare services to such youth, for encouraging the involvement of their parents or legal guardians in counseling, and for ensuring, as possible, that aftercare services will be provided to those youth who are returned beyond the State in which the runaway and homeless youth center is located;

(6)

shall develop an adequate plan for establishing or coordinating with outreach programs designed to attract persons (including, where applicable, persons who are members of a cultural minority and persons with limited ability to speak English) who are eligible to receive services for which a grant under subsection (a) may be expended;

(7)

shall keep adequate statistical records profiling the youth and family members whom it serves (including youth who are not referred to out-of-home shelter services), except that records maintained on individual runaway and homeless youth shall not be disclosed without the consent of the individual youth and parent or legal guardian to anyone other than another agency compiling statistical records or a government agency involved in the disposition of criminal charges against an individual runaway and homeless youth, and reports or other documents based on such statistical rec­ords shall not disclose the identity of individual runaway and homeless youth;

(8)

shall submit annual reports to the Secretary detailing how the center has been able to meet the goals of its plans and reporting the statistical summaries required by paragraph (7);

(9)

shall demonstrate its ability to operate under accounting procedures and fiscal control devices as required by the Secretary;

(10)

shall submit a budget estimate with respect to the plan submitted by such center under this subsection;

(11)

shall supply such other information as the Secretary reasonably deems necessary;

(12)

shall submit to the Secretary an annual report that includes, with respect to the year for which the report is submitted—

(A)

information regarding the activities carried out under this part;

(B)

the achievements of the project under this part carried out by the applicant; and

(C)

statistical summaries describing—

(i)

the number and the characteristics of the runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of family separation, who participate in the project; and

(ii)

the services provided to such youth by the project; and

(13)

shall develop an adequate emergency preparedness and management plan.

(c)

Applicants providing street-based services

To be eligible to use assistance under section 11211(a)(2)(C)(i) of this title to provide street-based services, the applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) assurances that in providing such services the applicant will—

(1)

provide qualified supervision of staff, including on-street supervision by appropriately trained staff;

(2)

provide backup personnel for on-street staff;

(3)

provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide such services; and

(4)

conduct outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth, and street youth.

(d)

Applicants providing home-based services

To be eligible to use assistance under section 11211(a) of this title to provide home-based services described in section 11211(a)(2)(C)(ii) of this title, an applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) assurances that in providing such services the applicant will—

(1)

provide counseling and information to youth and the families (including unrelated individuals in the family households) of such youth, including services relating to basic life skills, interpersonal skill building, educational advancement, job attainment skills, mental and physical health care, parenting skills, financial planning, and referral to sources of other needed services;

(2)

provide directly, or through an arrangement made by the applicant, 24-hour service to respond to family crises (including immediate access to temporary shelter for runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of separation from the family);

(3)

establish, in partnership with the families of runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of separation from the family, objectives and measures of success to be achieved as a result of receiving home-based services;

(4)

provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide home-based services; and

(5)

ensure that—

(A)

caseloads will remain sufficiently low to allow for intensive (5 to 20 hours per week) involvement with each family receiving such services; and

(B)

staff providing such services will receive qualified supervision.

(e)

Applicants providing drug abuse education and prevention services

To be eligible to use assistance under section 11211(a)(2)(C)(iii) of this title to provide drug abuse education and prevention services, an applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b)—

(1)

a description of—

(A)

the types of such services that the applicant proposes to provide;

(B)

the objectives of such services; and

(C)

the types of information and training to be provided to individuals providing such services to runaway and homeless youth; and

(2)

an assurance that in providing such services the applicant shall conduct outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Runaway Youth Act

    Pub. L. 93–415 title III § 312 · [88 Stat. 1109]

    Enacted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212

    Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 312, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1130

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 312, Sept. 7, 1974, 88 Stat. 1130

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 312. eligibility (a) To be eligible for assistance under this part, an applicant shall propose to establish, strengthen, or fund an existing or proposed runaway house, a locally controlled facility providing temporary shelter, and counseling services to juveniles who have left home without permission of their parents or guardians. (b) In order to qualify for assistance under this part, an applicant shall submit a plan to the Secretary meeting the following requirements Runaway house, requirements. and including the following information. Each house— (1) shall be located in an area which is demonstrably frequented by or easily reachable by runaway youth; (2) shall have a maximum capacity of no more than twenty children, with a ratio of staff to children of sufficient portion to assure adequate supervision and treatment; (3) shall develop adequate plans for contacting the child’s parents or relatives (if such action is required by State law) and assuring the safe return of the child according to the best interests of the child, for contacting local government officials pursuant to informal arrangements established with such officials by the runaway house, and for providing for other appropriate alternative living arrangements; (4) shall develop an adequate plan for assuring proper relations with law enforcement personnel, and the return of runaway youths from correctional institutions; (5) shall develop an adequate plan for aftercare counseling Aftercare counseling. involving runaway youth and their parents within the State in which the runaway house is located and for assuring, as possible, that aftercase services will be provided to those children who are returned beyond the State in which the runaway house is located; (6) shall keep adequate statistical records profiling the children Records, information disclosure, restriction. and parents which it serves, except that records maintained on individual runaway youths shall not be disclosed without parental consent to anyone other than another agency compiling statistical records or a government agency involved in the disposition of criminal charges against an individual runaway youth, and reports or other documents based on such statistical records shall not disclose the identity of individual runaway youths; (7) shall submit annual reports to the Secretary detailing how Annual reports to Secretary. the house has been able to meet the goals of its plans and reporting the statistical summaries required by paragraph (6); (8) shall demonstrate its ability to operate under accounting procedures and fiscal control devices as required by the Secretary; (9) shall submit a budget estimate with respect to the plan Budget estimate. submitted by such house under this subsection; and (10) shall supply such other information as the Secretary reasonably deems necessary.

  2. Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1977

    Pub. L. 95–115 § 7(a)(2) · 91 Stat. 1048

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5); 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(6)

      Pub. L. 95–115 substituted “aftercare services” for “aftercase services” in par. (6)

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5); 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(6)

      Pub. L. 95–115 substituted “the consent of the individual youth and parent or legal guardian” for “parental consent” in par. (6)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 95–115 substituted “aftercare services” for “aftercase services” in par. (5), and “the consent of the individual youth and parent or legal guardian” for “parental consent” in par. (6).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Section 312(b)(5) of the Act is amended by striking out “after-case” and inserting in lieu thereof “aftercare”.

  3. Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1980

    Pub. L. 96–509 § 18(d)(1) · 94 Stat. 2750

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

      Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(1), substituted “center” for “house”

    2. Inserted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

      Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(1), inserted “or to other homeless juveniles” after “parents or guardians”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(1), substituted “center” for “house” and inserted “or to other homeless juveniles” after “parents or guardians”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Section 312(a) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5712(a)) is amended by striking out “house” and inserting in lieu thereof “center”, and by inserting “or to other homeless juveniles” before the period at the end thereof.

  4. Juvenile Justice Amendments of 1980

    Pub. L. 96–509 § 18(d)(2) · 94 Stat. 2750

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)

    Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(2), substituted “center” for “house” wherever appearing, and in par. (4) inserted reference to social service personnel and welfare personnel

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(2), substituted “center” for “house” wherever appearing, and in par. (4) inserted reference to social service personnel and welfare personnel.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Section 312(b) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5712(b)) is amended— (A) by striking out “house” each place it appears therein and inserting in lieu thereof “center”; and (B) in paragraph (4) thereof, by inserting “social service personnel, and welfare personnel,” after “personnel,”.

  5. Pub. L. 98–473 § 652(1) · 98 Stat. 1837

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(2)

    Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(1), substituted “proportion” for “portion”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(1), substituted “proportion” for “portion”.

  6. Pub. L. 98–473 § 652(2) · 98 Stat. 1837

    Struck · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(3)

    Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(2), struck out “(if such action is required by State law)” before “and assuring”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(2), struck out “(if such action is required by State law)” before “and assuring”.

  7. Pub. L. 98–473 § 652(3) · 98 Stat. 1837

    Inserted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(4)

    Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(3), inserted “school system personnel”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(3), inserted “school system personnel”.

  8. Pub. L. 98–473 § 652(4) · 98 Stat. 1837

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5)

    Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(4), substituted “families” for “parents”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(4), substituted “families” for “parents”.

  9. Pub. L. 98–473 § 652(5) · 98 Stat. 1837

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(6)

    Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(5), substituted “family members” for “parents”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(5), substituted “family members” for “parents”.

  10. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(1) · 102 Stat. 4181

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (2), substituted “section 5711(a) of this title” for “this part”

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (2), substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (2), substituted “section 5711(a) of this title” for “this part” and “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Sections 312 and 313 of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712, 5713) are each amended by striking “this part” each place it appears and inserting “section 311(a)”.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  11. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(1) · 102 Stat. 4181

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (3)(A), substituted “section 5711(a) of this title” for “this part” in introductory provisions

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (3)(A), substituted “including assurances that the applicant” for “meeting the following requirements and including the following information. Each center” in introductory provisions

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (3)(A), substituted “section 5711(a) of this title” for “this part” and “including assurances that the applicant” for “meeting the following requirements and including the following information. Each center” in introductory provisions.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Sections 312 and 313 of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712, 5713) are each amended by striking “this part” each place it appears and inserting “section 311(a)”.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  12. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(3)(B) · 102 Stat. 4181

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(1)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(B), substituted “shall operate a runaway and homeless youth center” for “shall be”

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(1)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(B), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youth”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(B), substituted “shall operate a runaway and homeless youth center” for “shall be” and “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youth”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (1)— (i) by striking “shall be” and inserting “shall operate a runaway and homeless youth center”, and (ii) by inserting “and homeless” after “by runaway”,

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  13. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(3)(C) · 102 Stat. 4181

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(3)

    Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) in paragraphs (3) and (5) by striking “runaway center” each place it appears and inserting “runaway and homeless youth center”,

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  14. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(3)(D) · 102 Stat. 4181

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(4)

    Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youths”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youths”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (D) in paragraphs (4) and (6) by striking “runaway youths” each place it appears and inserting “runaway and homeless youth”, and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  15. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(3)(C) · 102 Stat. 4181

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), (E), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youth”

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), (E), substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center” in two places

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), (E), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youth” and substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center” in two places.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) in paragraphs (3) and (5) by striking “runaway center” each place it appears and inserting “runaway and homeless youth center”,

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  16. Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Amendments of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 § 7271(c)(3)(D) · 102 Stat. 4181

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(6)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), (E), substituted “individual runaway and homeless youth” for “individual runaway youths”

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(6)

      Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), (E), substituted “against an individual runaway and homeless youth” for “against an individual runaway youth”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), (E), substituted “individual runaway and homeless youth” for “individual runaway youths” in two places and “against an individual runaway and homeless youth” for “against an individual runaway youth”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (D) in paragraphs (4) and (6) by striking “runaway youths” each place it appears and inserting “runaway and homeless youth”, and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective Oct. 1, 1988, see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

  17. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(1) · 106 Stat. 4982

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

    Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(1), substituted “project (including a host family home) that provides” for “facility providing”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(1), substituted “project (including a host family home) that provides” for “facility providing”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subsection (a) by striking “facility providing” and inserting “project (including a host family home) that provides”; and

  18. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(A) · 106 Stat. 4982

    Amended · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(2)

    Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(A), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “shall have a maximum capacity of no more than twenty children, with a ratio of staff to children of sufficient proportion to assure adequate supervision and treatment;”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(A), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “shall have a maximum capacity of no more than twenty children, with a ratio of staff to children of sufficient proportion to assure adequate supervision and treatment;”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows: shall use such assistance to establish, to strengthen, or to fund a runaway and homeless youth center, or a locally controlled facility providing temporary shelter, that has— “(A) a maximum capacity of not more than 20 youth; and “(B) a ratio of staff to youth that is sufficient to ensure adequate supervision and treatment;”;

  19. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(B) · 106 Stat. 4982

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(3)

      Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(B), substituted “parents or other relatives of the youth and ensuring” for “child’s parents or relatives and assuring” after “the” in two places

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(3)

      Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(B), substituted “youth” for “child” after “the” in two places

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(B), substituted “parents or other relatives of the youth and ensuring” for “child’s parents or relatives and assuring” and “youth” for “child” after “the” in two places.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (3)— (i) by striking “child’s parents or relatives and assuring” and inserting “parents or other relatives of the youth and ensuring”; and (ii) by striking “child” each place it appears and inserting “youth”;

  20. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(C) · 106 Stat. 4982

    Amended · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(4)

    Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(C), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “shall develop an adequate plan for assuring proper relations with law enforcement personnel, social service personnel, school system personnel, and welfare personnel, and the return of runaway and homeless youth from correctional institutions;”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(C), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “shall develop an adequate plan for assuring proper relations with law enforcement personnel, social service personnel, school system personnel, and welfare personnel, and the return of runaway and homeless youth from correctional institutions;”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows: “(4) shall develop an adequate plan for ensuring— “(A) proper relations with law enforcement personnel, health and mental health care personnel, social service personnel, school system personnel, and welfare personnel; “(B) coordination with personnel of the schools to which runaway and homeless youth will return, to assist such youth to stay current with the curricula of those schools; and “(C) the return of runaway and homeless youth from correctional institutions;”;

  21. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(D) · 106 Stat. 4982

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5)

      Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(D), substituted “providing counseling and aftercare services to such youth, for encouraging the involvement of their parents or legal guardians in counseling, and for ensuring” for “aftercare counseling involving runaway and homeless youth and their families within the State in which the runaway and homeless youth center is located and for assuring” after “those”

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(5)

      Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(D), substituted “youth” for “children” after “those”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(D), substituted “providing counseling and aftercare services to such youth, for encouraging the involvement of their parents or legal guardians in counseling, and for ensuring” for “aftercare counseling involving runaway and homeless youth and their families within the State in which the runaway and homeless youth center is located and for assuring” and “youth” for “children” after “those”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (D) in paragraph (5)—— (i) by striking “aftercare” and all that follows through “assuring” and inserting “providing counseling and aftercare services to such youth, for encouraging the involvement of their parents or legal guardians in counseling, and for ensuring”; and (ii) by striking “children” and inserting “youth”;

  22. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(G) · 106 Stat. 4982

    Redesignated · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(6)

    Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(G), added par. (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(G), added par. (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (G) by inserting after paragraph (5) the following new paragraph: “(6) shall develop an adequate plan for establishing or coordinating with outreach programs designed to attract persons (including, where applicable, persons who are members of a cultural minority and persons with limited ability to speak English) who are eligible to receive services for which a grant under subsection (a) may be expended;”; and

  23. Pub. L. 102–586 § 2(c)(2)(E) · 106 Stat. 4982

    1. Redesignated · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(7)

      Pub. L. 102–586, § 2(c)(2)(E), (F), redesignated par. (6) as (7)

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(7)

      Pub. L. 102–586, § 2(c)(2)(E), (F), substituted “youth and family members whom it serves (including youth who are not referred to out-of-home shelter services)” for “children and family members which it serves”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 102–586, § 2(c)(2)(E), (F), redesignated par. (6) as (7) and substituted “youth and family members whom it serves (including youth who are not referred to out-of-home shelter services)” for “children and family members which it serves”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in subsection (b)— (A) by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (5); and (B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (6) and inserting “; and”;

  24. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(F) · 106 Stat. 4982

    Redesignated · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(8)(11)

    Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (7) to (10) as (8) to (11), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(8) to (11). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (7) to (10) as (8) to (11), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (F) by redesignating paragraphs (6), (7), (8), (9), and (10) as paragraphs (7), (8), (9), (10), and (11), respectively;

  25. Pub. L. 102–586 § 3(c)(2)(H) · 106 Stat. 4982

    Added · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(c); 34 U.S.C. § 11212(d)

    Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(H), added subsecs. (c) and (d)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(H), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (H) by adding at the end the following new subsections: “(c) To be eligible for assistance under section 311(c), an applicant shall propose to establish, strengthen, or fund a street based service project for runaway and homeless youth and shall submit to the Secretary a plan in which the applicant agrees, as part of the project— “(1) to provide qualified supervision of staff, including on street supervision by appropriately trained staff; “(2) to provide backup personnel for on-street staff; “(3) to provide informational and health educational material to run away and homeless youth in need of services; “(4) to provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide services under the project; “(5) to carry out outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth and to collect statistical information on runaway and homeless youth contacted through such activities; “(6) to develop referral relationships with agencies and organizations that provide services or assistance to run away and homeless youth, including law enforcement, education, social services, vocational education and training, public welfare, legal assistance, mental health and health care; “(7) to submit to the Secretary an annual report that includes information regarding the activities carried out with funds received under section 311(c), the achievements of the project under section 311(c) carried out by the applicant, and statistical summaries describing the number and the characteristics of the runaway and homeless youth who participate in such project in the year for which the report is submitted; “(8) to implement such accounting procedures and fiscal control devices as the Secretary may require; “(9) to submit to the Secretary an annual budget that estimates the itemized costs to be incurred in the year for which the applicant requests a grant under subsection 311(c); “(10) to keep adequate statistical records that profile runaway and homeless youth whom it serves and not to disclose the identity of such youth in reports or other documents based on such statistical records; “(11) not to disclose records maintained on an individual Privacy. runaway and homeless youth without the informed consent of the youth, to any person other than an agency compiling statistical records; and “(12) to provide to the Secretary such other information as the Secretary may reasonably require. “(d) To be eligible for assistance under section 311(d), an applicant shall propose to establish, strengthen, or fund a home-based service project for runaway youth or youth at risk of family separation and shall submit to the Secretary a plan in which the applicant agrees, as part of the project— “(1) to provide counseling and information services needed by runaway youth, youth at risk of family separation, and the family (including unrelated individuals in the family household) of such youth, including services relating to basic life skills, interpersonal skill building, educational advancement, job attainment skills, mental and physical health care, parent training, financial planning, and referral to sources of other needed services; “(2) to provide directly, or through an arrangement made by the applicant, 24-hour service to respond to family crises (including immediate access to temporary shelter for runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation affected by family crises); “(3) to establish in partnership with the families of runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation, objectives and measures of success to be achieved as a result of participating in such project; “(4) to provide informational and health educational material to runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation in need of services; “(5) to provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide services under the project; “(6) to carry out outreach activities for runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation, and to collect statistical information on runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation contacted through such activities; “(7) to ensure that— “(i) caseloads will remain sufficiently low to allow for intensive (5 to 20 hours per week) involvement with each family participating in such project; and “(ii) qualified supervision will be provided to staff who provide services under the project; “(8) to submit to the Secretary an annual report that Reports. includes information regarding the activities carried out with funds under section 311(d), the achievements of the project under this part carried out by the applicant and statistical summaries describing the number and the characteristics of the runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation who participate in such project in the year for which the report is submitted; “(9) to implement such accounting procedures and fiscal control devices as the Secretary may require; “(10) to submit to the Secretary an annual budget that estimates the itemized costs to be incurred in the year for which the applicant requests a grant under section 311(d); “(11) to keep adequate statistical records that profile runaway youth and youth at risk of family separation whom it serves and not to disclose the identity of such youth in reports or other documents based on such statistical records; “(12) not to disclose records maintained on an individual runaway youth or youth at risk of family separation without the informed consent of the youth, to any person other than an agency compiling statistical records; and “(13) to provide to the Secretary such other information as the Secretary may reasonably require.”.

  26. Missing, Exploited, and Runaway Children Protection Act

    Pub. L. 106–71 § 3(c)(1)(A) · 113 Stat. 1032

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(8)

    Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(1)(A), substituted “paragraph (7)” for “paragraph (6)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(1)(A), substituted “paragraph (7)” for “paragraph (6)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in paragraph (8), by striking “paragraph (6)” and inserting “paragraph (7)”;

  27. Missing, Exploited, and Runaway Children Protection Act

    Pub. L. 106–71 § 3(c)(1)(B) · 113 Stat. 1032

    Added · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(12)

    Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(1)(B)–(D), added par. (12)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(1)(B)–(D), added par. (12).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (10), by striking “and” at the end;

  28. Missing, Exploited, and Runaway Children Protection Act

    Pub. L. 106–71 § 3(c)(2) · 113 Stat. 1032

    1. Added · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(c)(e)

      Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(2), added heading and text of subsecs. (c) to (e)

    2. Struck · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(c)(e)

      Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(2), struck out former subsecs. (c) and (d) which related to street-based service projects and home-based service projects, respectively, but which specified more detailed lists of services applicants were to provide in order to qualify for assistance

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(2), added heading and text of subsecs. (c) to (e) and struck out former subsecs. (c) and (d) which related to street-based service projects and home-based service projects, respectively, but which specified more detailed lists of services applicants were to provide in order to qualify for assistance.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by striking subsections (c) and (d) and inserting the following: “(c) Applicants Providing Street-Based Services.— To be eligible to use assistance under section 311(a)(2)(C)(i) to provide street-based services, the applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) assurances that in providing such services the applicant will— “(1) provide qualified supervision of staff, including on-street supervision by appropriately trained staff; “(2) provide backup personnel for on-street staff; “(3) provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide such services; and “(4) conduct outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth, and street youth. “(d) Applicants Providing Home-Based Services.— To be eligible to use assistance under section 311(a) to provide home-based services described in section 311(a)(2)(C)(ii), an applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b) assurances that in providing such services the applicant will— “(1) provide counseling and information to youth and the families (including unrelated individuals in the family households) of such youth, including services relating to basic life skills, interpersonal skill building, educational advancement, job attainment skills, mental and physical health care, parenting skills, financial planning, and referral to sources of other needed services; “(2) provide directly, or through an arrangement made by the applicant, 24-hour service to respond to family crises (including immediate access to temporary shelter for runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of separation from the family); “(3) establish, in partnership with the families of runaway and homeless youth, and youth at risk of separation from the family, objectives and measures of success to be achieved as a result of receiving home-based services; “(4) provide initial and periodic training of staff who provide home-based services; and “(5) ensure that— “(A) caseloads will remain sufficiently low to allow for intensive (5 to 20 hours per week) involvement with each family receiving such services; and “(B) staff providing such services will receive qualified supervision. “(e) Applicants Providing Drug Abuse Education and Prevention Services.— To be eligible to use assistance under section 311(a)(2)(C)(iii) to provide drug abuse education and prevention services, an applicant shall include in the plan required by subsection (b)— “(1) a description of— “(A) the types of such services that the applicant proposes to provide; “(B) the objectives of such services; and “(C) the types of information and training to be provided to individuals providing such services to runaway and homeless youth; and “(2) an assurance that in providing such services the applicant shall conduct outreach activities for runaway and homeless youth.”.

  29. Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act

    Pub. L. 108–96 § 105 · 117 Stat. 1167

    1. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

      Pub. L. 108–96, § 105, substituted “services to youth” for “services to juveniles”

    2. Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(a)

      Pub. L. 108–96, § 105, substituted “homeless youth” for “homeless juveniles”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–96, § 105, substituted “services to youth” for “services to juveniles” and “homeless youth” for “homeless juveniles”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 105. ELIGIBILITY PROVISION.   Section 312(a) of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712(a)) is amended by striking “juveniles” each place it appears and inserting “youth”.

  30. Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act

    Pub. L. 108–96 § 106 · 117 Stat. 1167

    Inserted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(2)(A)

    Pub. L. 108–96, § 106, inserted “, except where the applicant assures that the State where the center or locally controlled facility is located has a State or local law or regulation that requires a higher maximum to comply with licensure requirements for child and youth serving facilities” after “youth”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–96, § 106, inserted “, except where the applicant assures that the State where the center or locally controlled facility is located has a State or local law or regulation that requires a higher maximum to comply with licensure requirements for child and youth serving facilities” after “youth”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 106. RECOGNITION OF STATE LAW RELATING TO CAPACITY LIMITATION ON ELIGIBLE RUNAWAY AND HOMELESS YOUTH CENTERS.   Section 312(b)(2)(A) of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712(b)(2)(A)) is amended by inserting after “youth” the following: “, except where the applicant assures that the State where the center or locally controlled facility is located has a State or local law or regulation that requires a higher maximum to comply with licensure requirements for child and youth serving facilities”.

  31. Runaway, Homeless, and Missing Children Protection Act

    Pub. L. 108–96 § 109 · 117 Stat. 1167

    Substituted · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(4)(B)

    Pub. L. 108–96, § 109, substituted “McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432(g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act;” for “personnel of the schools to which runaway and homeless youth will return, to assist such youth to stay current with the curricula of those schools;”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 108–96, § 109, substituted “McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432(g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act;” for “personnel of the schools to which runaway and homeless youth will return, to assist such youth to stay current with the curricula of those schools;”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 109. PART A PLAN COORDINATION ASSURANCES.   Section 312(b)(4)(B) of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712(b)(4)(B)) is amended by striking “personnel” and all that follows through the semicolon and inserting “McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432(g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act;”.

  32. Reconnecting Homeless Youth Act of 2008

    Pub. L. 110–378 § 3(b) · 122 Stat. 4068

    Added · 34 U.S.C. § 11212(b)(13)

    Pub. L. 110–378 added par. (13)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 110–378 added par. (13).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Eligibility.— Section 312(b) of the Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (42 U.S.C. 5712(b)) is amended— (1) in paragraph (11), by striking “and” at the end; (2) in paragraph (12), by striking the period and inserting “; and”; and (3) by adding at the end the following: “(13) shall develop an adequate emergency preparedness and management plan.” .

39 of 44 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 5 partial

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act, referred to in subsec. (b)(4)(B), is Pub. L. 100–77, , 101 Stat. 482. Subtitle B of title VII of the Act is classified generally to part B (§ 11431 et seq.) of subchapter VI of chapter 119 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 11301 of Title 42 and Tables.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 5712 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers or references in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections or references prior to editorial reclassification.

Amendments1977–2008 · 8 rounds

2008

Subsec. (b)(13). Pub. L. 110–378 added par. (13).

2003

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–96, § 105, substituted “services to youth” for “services to juveniles” and “homeless youth” for “homeless juveniles”.

Subsec. (b)(2)(A). Pub. L. 108–96, § 106, inserted “, except where the applicant assures that the State where the center or locally controlled facility is located has a State or local law or regulation that requires a higher maximum to comply with licensure requirements for child and youth serving facilities” after “youth”.

Subsec. (b)(4)(B). Pub. L. 108–96, § 109, substituted “McKinney-Vento school district liaisons, designated under section 722(g)(1)(J)(ii) of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11432(g)(1)(J)(ii)), to assure that runaway and homeless youth are provided information about the educational services available to such youth under subtitle B of title VII of that Act;” for “personnel of the schools to which runaway and homeless youth will return, to assist such youth to stay current with the curricula of those schools;”.

1999

Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(1)(A), substituted “paragraph (7)” for “paragraph (6)”.

Subsec. (b)(12). Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(1)(B)–(D), added par. (12).

Subsecs. (c) to (e). Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c)(2), added heading and text of subsecs. (c) to (e) and struck out former subsecs. (c) and (d) which related to street-based service projects and home-based service projects, respectively, but which specified more detailed lists of services applicants were to provide in order to qualify for assistance.

1992

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(1), substituted “project (including a host family home) that provides” for “facility providing”.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(A), amended par. (2) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (2) read as follows: “shall have a maximum capacity of no more than twenty children, with a ratio of staff to children of sufficient proportion to assure adequate supervision and treatment;”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(B), substituted “parents or other relatives of the youth and ensuring” for “child’s parents or relatives and assuring” and “youth” for “child” after “the” in two places.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(C), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “shall develop an adequate plan for assuring proper relations with law enforcement personnel, social service personnel, school system personnel, and welfare personnel, and the return of runaway and homeless youth from correctional institutions;”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(D), substituted “providing counseling and aftercare services to such youth, for encouraging the involvement of their parents or legal guardians in counseling, and for ensuring” for “aftercare counseling involving runaway and homeless youth and their families within the State in which the runaway and homeless youth center is located and for assuring” and “youth” for “children” after “those”.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(G), added par. (6). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 102–586, § 2(c)(2)(E), (F), redesignated par. (6) as (7) and substituted “youth and family members whom it serves (including youth who are not referred to out-of-home shelter services)” for “children and family members which it serves”.

Subsec. (b)(8) to (11). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(F), redesignated pars. (7) to (10) as (8) to (11), respectively.

Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c)(2)(H), added subsecs. (c) and (d).

1988

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (2), substituted “section 5711(a) of this title” for “this part” and “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(1), (3)(A), substituted “section 5711(a) of this title” for “this part” and “including assurances that the applicant” for “meeting the following requirements and including the following information. Each center” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(B), substituted “shall operate a runaway and homeless youth center” for “shall be” and “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youth”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youths”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(C), (E), substituted “runaway and homeless youth” for “runaway youth” and substituted “runaway and homeless youth center” for “runaway center” in two places.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 100–690, § 7271(c)(3)(D), (E), substituted “individual runaway and homeless youth” for “individual runaway youths” in two places and “against an individual runaway and homeless youth” for “against an individual runaway youth”.

1984

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(1), substituted “proportion” for “portion”.

Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(2), struck out “(if such action is required by State law)” before “and assuring”.

Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(3), inserted “school system personnel”.

Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(4), substituted “families” for “parents”.

Subsec. (b)(6). Pub. L. 98–473, § 652(5), substituted “family members” for “parents”.

1980

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(1), substituted “center” for “house” and inserted “or to other homeless juveniles” after “parents or guardians”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d)(2), substituted “center” for “house” wherever appearing, and in par. (4) inserted reference to social service personnel and welfare personnel.

1977

Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 95–115 substituted “aftercare services” for “aftercase services” in par. (5), and “the consent of the individual youth and parent or legal guardian” for “parental consent” in par. (6).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–690 effective , see section 7296(a) of Pub. L. 100–690, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1984 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 98–473 effective , see section 670(a) of Pub. L. 98–473, set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–115 effective , see section 263(c) of Pub. L. 93–415, as added by Pub. L. 95–115 and repealed by Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7266(2), , 102 Stat. 4449, formerly set out as a note under section 11101 of this title.

Credits

1974–2008 · 9 acts
  1. 1974Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 312, , 88 Stat. 1130
  2. 1977Pub. L. 95–115, § 7(a)(2), (3), , 91 Stat. 1058
  3. 1980Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d), , 94 Stat. 2762
  4. 1984Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 652, , 98 Stat. 2123
  5. 1988Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7271(c)(1)–(3), , 102 Stat. 4453
  6. 1992Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c), , 106 Stat. 5019
  7. 1999Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c), , 113 Stat. 1036
  8. 2003Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §§ 105, 106, 109, , 117 Stat. 1168, 1169
  9. 2008Pub. L. 110–378, § 3(b), , 122 Stat. 4069.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 93–415, title III, § 312, , 88 Stat. 1130; Pub. L. 95–115, § 7(a)(2), (3), , 91 Stat. 1058; Pub. L. 96–509, § 18(d), , 94 Stat. 2762; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 652, , 98 Stat. 2123; Pub. L. 100–690, title VII, § 7271(c)(1)–(3), , 102 Stat. 4453; Pub. L. 102–586, § 3(c), , 106 Stat. 5019; Pub. L. 106–71, § 3(c), , 113 Stat. 1036; Pub. L. 108–96, title I, §§ 105, 106, 109, , 117 Stat. 1168, 1169; Pub. L. 110–378, § 3(b), , 122 Stat. 4069.)

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