§ 1885. Congressional statement of findings and declaration of policy respecting equal opportunities in science and engineering

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1980

   Science and Technology Equal Opportunities Act

   Pub. L. 96–516 § 32 · 94 Stat. 3007

   Enacted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885

   Pub. L. 96–516, § 32, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3010

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 96–516, § 32, Dec. 12, 1980, 94 Stat. 3010

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 32. findings and policy (a) The Congress finds that it is in the national interest to promote the full use of human resources in science and technology and to insure the full development and use of the scientific talent and technical skills of men and women, equally, of all ethnic, racial, and economic backgrounds. (b) The Congress declares it is the policy of the United States to encourage men and women, equally, of all ethnic, racial, and economic backgrounds to acquire skills in science and mathematics, to have equal opportunity in education, training, and employment in scientific and technical fields, and thereby to promote scientific literacy and the full use of the human resources of the Nation in science and technology. To this end, the Congress declares that the highest quality science over the long-term requires substantial support, from currently available research and educational funds, for increased participation in science and technology by women and minorities. The Congress further declares that the impact on women and minorities which is produced by advances in science and technology must be included as essential factors in national and international science, technology, and economic policies.

2. 1985

   National Science Foundation Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1986

   Pub. L. 99–159 § 111(b)(2) · 99 Stat. 887

   1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(a)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(2), substituted “engineering” for “technology”

   2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(a)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(2), substituted “scientific and engineering talents and skills” for “scientific talent and technical skills”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(2), substituted “engineering” for “technology” and “scientific and engineering talents and skills” for “scientific talent and technical skills”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Section 32(a) (42 U.S.C. 1885(a)) is amended— (A) by striking out “technology” and inserting in lieu thereof “engineering”; and (B) by striking out “scientific talent and technical skills” and inserting in lieu thereof “scientific and engineering talents and skills”.

3. 1985

   National Science Foundation Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1986

   Pub. L. 99–159 § 111(b)(3) · 99 Stat. 887

   1. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(3)–(5), inserted “, engineering,” after “skills in science”

   2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(3)–(5), substituted “engineering” for “technical” wherever appearing

   3. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(3)–(5), substituted “scientific and engineering literacy” for “scientific literacy” wherever appearing

   4. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(3)–(5), substituted “engineering” for “technology” wherever appearing

   5. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(3)–(5), inserted “and engineering” after “highest quality science”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 99–159, § 111(b)(3)–(5), inserted “, engineering,” after “skills in science”, substituted “engineering” for “technical”, “scientific and engineering literacy” for “scientific literacy”, and “engineering” for “technology” wherever appearing, and inserted “and engineering” after “highest quality science”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) The first sentence of section 32(b) (42 U.S.C. 1885(b)) is amended— (A) by striking out “skills in science and mathematics” and inserting in lieu thereof “skills in science, engineering, and mathematics”; (B) by striking out “technical” and inserting in lieu thereof “engineering”; (C) by striking out “scientific literacy” and inserting in lieu thereof “scientific and engineering literacy”; and (D) by striking out “technology” and inserting in lieu thereof “engineering”.

4. 2002

   Pub. L. 107–368 § 16(1) · 116 Stat. 3034

   Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(a)

   Pub. L. 107–368, § 16(1), substituted “backgrounds, including persons with disabilities” for “backgrounds”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–368, § 16(1), substituted “backgrounds, including persons with disabilities” for “backgrounds”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in subsection (a), by striking “backgrounds.” and inserting “backgrounds, including persons with disabilities.”; and

5. 2002

   Pub. L. 107–368 § 16(2) · 116 Stat. 3034

   1. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 107–368, § 16(2), inserted “, including persons with disabilities,” after “backgrounds”

   2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 1885(b)

      Pub. L. 107–368, § 16(2), substituted “, minorities, and persons with disabilities” for “and minorities” in two places

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–368, § 16(2), inserted “, including persons with disabilities,” after “backgrounds” and substituted “, minorities, and persons with disabilities” for “and minorities” in two places.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) in subsection (b)— (A) by inserting “, including persons with disabilities,” after “backgrounds”; and (B) by striking “and minorities” each place the term appears and inserting “, minorities, and persons with disabilities”.

11 of 11 references resolved to an enrolled provision