§ 284g. Expansion, intensification, and coordination of activities of National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism spectrum disorder

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1944

   Children’s Health Act of 2000

   Pub. L. 106–310 div. A title I § 101 · 114 Stat. 1101

   Enacted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g

   July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 409C, as added Pub. L. 106–310, div. A, title I, § 101, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1105

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   July 1, 1944, ch. 373, title IV, § 409C, as added Pub. L. 106–310, div. A, title I, § 101, Oct. 17, 2000, 114 Stat. 1105

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 101. EXPANSION, INTENSIFICATION, AND COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH WITH RESPECT TO RESEARCH ON AUTISM. Part B of title IV of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following section: “Sec. 409C. “EXPANSION, INTENSIFICATION, AND COORDINATION OF ACTIVITIES OF NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH WITH RESPECT TO RESEARCH ON AUTISM (a) In General.— “(1) Expansion of activities.— The Director of NIH (in this section referred to as the ‘Director’) shall expand, intensify, and coordinate the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism. “(2) Administration of program; collaboration among agencies.— The Director shall carry out this section acting through the Director of the National Institute of Mental Health and in collaboration with any other agencies that the Director determines appropriate. “(b) Centers of Excellence.— “(1) In general.— The Director shall under subsection (a)(1) make awards of grants and contracts to public or non-profit private entities to pay all or part of the cost of planning, establishing, improving, and providing basic operating support for centers of excellence regarding research on autism. “(2) Research.— Each center under paragraph (1) shall conduct basic and clinical research into autism. Such research should include investigations into the cause, diagnosis, early detection, prevention, control, and treatment of autism. The centers, as a group, shall conduct research including the fields of developmental neurobiology, genetics, and psychopharmacology. “(3) Services for patients.— “(A) In general.— A center under paragraph (1) may expend amounts provided under such paragraph to carryout a program to make individuals aware of opportunities to participate as subjects in research conducted by the centers. “(B) Referrals and costs.— A program under subparagraph (A) may, in accordance with such criteria as the Director may establish, provide to the subjects described in such subparagraph, referrals for health and other services, and such patient care costs as are required for research. “(C) Availability and access.— The extent to which a center can demonstrate availability and access to clinical services shall be considered by the Director in decisions about awarding grants to applicants which meet the scientific criteria for funding under this section. “(4) Coordination of centers; reports.— The Director shall, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of information among centers under paragraph (1) and ensure regular communication between such centers, and may require the periodic preparation of reports on the activities of the centers and the submission of the reports to the Director. “(5) Organization of centers.— Each center under paragraph (1) shall use the facilities of a single institution, or be formed from a consortium of cooperating institutions, meeting such requirements as may be prescribed by the Director. “(6) Number of centers; duration of support.— “(A) In general.— The Director shall provide for the establishment of not less than five centers under paragraph (1). “(B) Duration.— Support for a center established under paragraph (1) may be provided under this section for a period of not to exceed 5 years. Such period may be extended for one or more additional periods not exceeding 5 years if the operations of such center have been reviewed by an appropriate technical and scientific peer review group established by the Director and if such group has recommended to the Director that such period should be extended. “(c) Facilitation of Research.— The Director shall under subsection (a)(1) provide for a program under which samples of tissues and genetic materials that are of use in research on autism are donated, collected, preserved, and made available for such research. The program shall be carried out in accordance with accepted scientific and medical standards for the donation, collection, and preservation of such samples. “(d) Public Input.— The Director shall under subsection (a)(1) provide for means through which the public can obtain information on the existing and planned programs and activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to autism and through which the Director can receive comments from the public regarding such programs and activities. “(e) Funding.— There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are in addition to any other amounts appropriated for such purpose.”.

2. 2006

   Combating Autism Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–416 § 2(a)(1) · 120 Stat. 2821

   Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g

   Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(1), substituted “autism spectrum disorder” for “autism” in section catchline

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(1), substituted “autism spectrum disorder” for “autism” in section catchline.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in the section heading, by striking “autism” and inserting “autism spectrum disorder”;

3. 2006

   Combating Autism Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–416 § 2(a)(3) · 120 Stat. 2821

   1. Added · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(a)

      Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(3), added pars. (1) and (2)

   2. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(a)

      Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(3), redesignated former par. (2) as (3)

   3. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(a)

      Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(3), struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “The Director of NIH (in this section referred to as the ‘Director’) shall expand, intensify, and coordinate the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(3), added pars. (1) and (2), redesignated former par. (2) as (3), and struck out heading and text of former par. (1). Text read as follows: “The Director of NIH (in this section referred to as the ‘Director’) shall expand, intensify, and coordinate the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) in subsection (a)— (A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph (3); and (B) by striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: “(1) Expansion of activities.— The Director of NIH (in this section referred to as the ‘Director’) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, expand, intensify, and coordinate the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism spectrum disorder, including basic and clinical research in fields including pathology, developmental neurobiology, genetics, epigenetics, pharmacology, nutrition, immunology, neuroimmunology, neurobehavioral development, endocrinology, gastroenterology, and toxicology. Such research shall investigate the cause (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or rule out, early detection, prevention, services, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder. “(2) Consolidation.— The Director may consolidate program activities under this section if such consolidation would improve program efficiencies and outcomes.” .

4. 2006

   Combating Autism Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–416 § 2(a)(2) · 120 Stat. 2821

   Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(1); 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(2)

   Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(2), substituted “autism spectrum disorder” for “autism” in par. (1) and in two places in par. (2)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(2), substituted “autism spectrum disorder” for “autism” in par. (1) and in two places in par. (2).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by striking the term “autism” each place such term appears (other than the section heading) and inserting “autism spectrum disorder”; and

5. 2006

   Combating Autism Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–416 § 2(a)(2) · 120 Stat. 2821

   Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(c); 42 U.S.C. § 284g(d)

   Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(2), substituted “autism spectrum disorder” for “autism”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsecs. (c), (d). Pub. L. 109–416, § 2(a)(2), substituted “autism spectrum disorder” for “autism”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by striking the term “autism” each place such term appears (other than the section heading) and inserting “autism spectrum disorder”; and

6. 2006

   Combating Autism Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–416 § 4(b) · 120 Stat. 2821

   Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(e)

   Pub. L. 109–416, § 4(b), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are in addition to any other amounts appropriated for such purpose.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–416, § 4(b), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section. Amounts appropriated under this subsection are in addition to any other amounts appropriated for such purpose.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Conforming Amendment.— Section 409C of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 284g) is amended by striking subsection (e) (relating to funding).

7. 2007

   National Institutes of Health Reform Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–482 § 104(b)(1)(D) · 120 Stat. 3675

   1. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(4)(6)

      Pub. L. 109–482, § 104(b)(1)(D), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively

   2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(4)(6)

      Pub. L. 109–482, § 104(b)(1)(D), struck out heading and text of former par. (4). Text read as follows: “The Director shall, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of information among centers under paragraph (1) and ensure regular communication between such centers, and may require the periodic preparation of reports on the activities of the centers and the submission of the reports to the Director.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(4) to (6). Pub. L. 109–482, § 104(b)(1)(D), redesignated pars. (5) and (6) as (4) and (5), respectively, and struck out heading and text of former par. (4). Text read as follows: “The Director shall, as appropriate, provide for the coordination of information among centers under paragraph (1) and ensure regular communication between such centers, and may require the periodic preparation of reports on the activities of the centers and the submission of the reports to the Director.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (D) in section 409C(b), 42 USC 284g. by striking paragraph (4) and redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (4) and (5), respectively;

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.

8. 2007

   National Institutes of Health Reform Act of 2006

   Pub. L. 109–482 § 103(b)(9) · 120 Stat. 3675

   Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(e)

   Pub. L. 109–482, § 103(b)(9), which directed the striking of subsec. (e), could not be executed because of prior amendment by Pub. L. 109–416. See 2006 Amendment note below

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–482, § 103(b)(9), which directed the striking of subsec. (e), could not be executed because of prior amendment by Pub. L. 109–416. See 2006 Amendment note below.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (9) by striking subsection (e) of section 42 USC 284g. 409C;

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 109–482 applicable only with respect to amounts appropriated for fiscal year 2007 or subsequent fiscal years, see section 109 of Pub. L. 109–482, set out as a note under section 281 of this title.

9. 2019

   Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2019

   Pub. L. 116–60 § 2(1) · 133 Stat. 1110

   1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(a)(1)

      Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(1), substituted “toxicology, and interventions to maximize outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder” for “and toxicology”

   2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(a)(1)

      Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(1), substituted “Such research shall investigate the causes (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or ruling out, early and ongoing detection, prevention, services across the lifespan, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, including dissemination and implementation of clinical care, supports, interventions, and treatments.” for “Such research shall investigate the cause (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or rule out, early detection, prevention, services, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(1), substituted “toxicology, and interventions to maximize outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder” for “and toxicology” and “Such research shall investigate the causes (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or ruling out, early and ongoing detection, prevention, services across the lifespan, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, including dissemination and implementation of clinical care, supports, interventions, and treatments.” for “Such research shall investigate the cause (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or rule out, early detection, prevention, services, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in subsection (a)(1)— (A) in the first sentence, by striking “and toxicology” and inserting “toxicology, and interventions to maximize outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder”; and (B) by striking the second sentence and inserting the following: “Such research shall investigate the causes (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or ruling out, early and ongoing detection, prevention, services across the lifespan, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, including dissemination and implementation of clinical care, supports, interventions, and treatments.”;

10. 2019

    Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2019

    Pub. L. 116–60 § 2(2)(A) · 133 Stat. 1110

    1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(2)

       Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(2)(A), substituted “causes, diagnosis, early and ongoing detection, prevention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan” for “cause, diagnosis, early detection, prevention, control, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder”

    2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(2)

       Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(2)(A), substituted “neurobiology, genetics, genomics, psychopharmacology, developmental psychology, behavioral psychology, and clinical psychology.” for “neurobiology, genetics, and psychopharmacology.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(2)(A), substituted “causes, diagnosis, early and ongoing detection, prevention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan” for “cause, diagnosis, early detection, prevention, control, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder” and “neurobiology, genetics, genomics, psychopharmacology, developmental psychology, behavioral psychology, and clinical psychology.” for “neurobiology, genetics, and psychopharmacology.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in paragraph (2)— (i) in the second sentence, by striking “cause” and all that follows through “disorder” and inserting “causes, diagnosis, early and ongoing detection, prevention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder across the lifespan”; and (ii) in the third sentence, by striking “neurobiology” and all that follows through the period and inserting “neurobiology, genetics, genomics, psychopharmacology, developmental psychology, behavioral psychology, and clinical psychology.”; and

11. 2019

    Autism Collaboration, Accountability, Research, Education, and Support Act of 2019

    Pub. L. 116–60 § 2(2)(B) · 133 Stat. 1110

    Added · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(3)(D)

    Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(2)(B), added subpar. (D)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3)(D). Pub. L. 116–60, § 2(2)(B), added subpar. (D).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (3), by adding at the end the following: “(D) Reducing disparities.— The Director may consider, as appropriate, the extent to which a center can demonstrate availability and access to clinical services for youth and adults from diverse racial, ethnic, geographic, or linguistic backgrounds in decisions about awarding grants to applicants which meet the scientific criteria for funding under this section.” .

12. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–180 § 2(a) · 138 Stat. 2614

    Changed · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(a)(1)

    Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(a), made numerous amendments to text and structure of par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Director of NIH (in this section referred to as the “Director”) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, expand, intensify, and coordinate the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism spectrum disorder, including basic and clinical research in fields including pathology, developmental neurobiology, genetics, epigenetics, pharmacology, nutrition, immunology, neuroimmunology, neurobehavioral development, endocrinology, gastroenterology, toxicology, and interventions to maximize outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Such research shall investigate the causes (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or ruling out, early and ongoing detection, prevention, services across the lifespan, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, including dissemination and implementation of clinical care, supports, interventions, and treatments.”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–180 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(a), made numerous amendments to text and structure of par. (1). Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Director of NIH (in this section referred to as the “Director”) shall, subject to the availability of appropriations, expand, intensify, and coordinate the activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to research on autism spectrum disorder, including basic and clinical research in fields including pathology, developmental neurobiology, genetics, epigenetics, pharmacology, nutrition, immunology, neuroimmunology, neurobehavioral development, endocrinology, gastroenterology, toxicology, and interventions to maximize outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Such research shall investigate the causes (including possible environmental causes), diagnosis or ruling out, early and ongoing detection, prevention, services across the lifespan, supports, intervention, and treatment of autism spectrum disorder, including dissemination and implementation of clinical care, supports, interventions, and treatments.”

13. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–180 § 2(b)(1) · 138 Stat. 2614

    1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(2)

       Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(1), substituted “in fields such as” for “including the fields of”

    2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(2)

       Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(1), substituted “behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, and gerontology” for “behavioral psychology, and clinical psychology”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–180 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(1), substituted “in fields such as” for “including the fields of” and “behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, and gerontology” for “behavioral psychology, and clinical psychology”.

14. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–180 § 2(b)(2) · 138 Stat. 2614

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(5)(A)

    Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(2), substituted “seven centers” for “five centers”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–180 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(5)(A). Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(2), substituted “seven centers” for “five centers”.

15. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–180 § 2(b)(3) · 138 Stat. 2614

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(b)(5)(B)

    Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(3), substituted “period not to exceed” for “period of not to exceed”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–180 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(5)(B). Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(b)(3), substituted “period not to exceed” for “period of not to exceed”.

16. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–180 § 2(c) · 138 Stat. 2614

    Amended · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(d)

    Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(c), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Director shall under subsection (a)(1) provide for means through which the public can obtain information on the existing and planned programs and activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to autism spectrum disorder and through which the Director can receive comments from the public regarding such programs and activities.”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–180 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(c), amended subsec. (d) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “The Director shall under subsection (a)(1) provide for means through which the public can obtain information on the existing and planned programs and activities of the National Institutes of Health with respect to autism spectrum disorder and through which the Director can receive comments from the public regarding such programs and activities.”

17. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–180 § 2(d) · 138 Stat. 2614

    Added · 42 U.S.C. § 284g(e)

    Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(d), added subsec. (e)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–180 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–180, § 2(d), added subsec. (e).

16 of 23 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 7 unresolved