§ 1201. Appointment of members of the Merit Systems Protection Board

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1978

   Pub. L. 95–454 title II § 202(a) · 92 Stat. 1111

   Enacted · 5 U.S.C. § 1201

   Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 95–454, title II, § 202(a), Oct. 13, 1978, 92 Stat. 1121

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Title 5, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 11 the following new chapter: “CHAPTER 12— MERIT SYSTEMS PROTECTION BOARD AND SPECIAL COUNSEL “Sec. “1201. Appointment of members of the Merit Systems Protection Board. “1202. Term of office; filling vacancies; removal. “1203. Chairman; Vice Chairman. “1204. Special Counsel; appointment and removal. “1205. Powers and functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board and Special Counsel. “1206. Authority and responsibilities of the Special Counsel. “1207. Hearings and decisions on complaints filed by the Special Counsel. “1208. Stays of certain personnel actions. “1209. Information. “§ 1201. Appointment of members of the Merit Systems Protection Board “The Merit Systems Protection Board is composed of 3 members appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, not more than 2 of whom may be adherents of the same political party. The Chairman and members of the Board shall be individuals who, by demonstrated ability, background, training, or experience are especially qualified to carry out the functions of the Board. No member of the Board may hold another office or position in the Government of the United States, except as otherwise provided by law or at the direction of the President. The Board shall have an official seal which shall be judicially noticed. The Board shall have its principal office in the District of Columbia and may have field offices in other appropriate locations. “§1202. Term of office, filling vacancies; removal “(a) The term of office of each member of the Merit Systems Protection Board is 7 years. “(b) A member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the end of a term of office of his predecessor serves for the remainder of that term. Any appointment to fill a vacancy is subject to the requirements of section 1201 of this title. “(c) Any member appointed for a 7-year term may not be reappointed to any following term but may continue to serve beyond the expiration of the term until a successor is appointed and has qualified, except that such member may not continue to serve for more than one year after the date on which the term of the member would otherwise expire under this section. “(d) Any member may be removed by the President only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. “§1203. Chairman; Vice Chairman “(a) The President shall from time to time, appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, one of the members of the Merit Systems Protection Board as the Chairman of the Board. The Chairman is the chief executive and administrative officer of the Board. “(b) The President shall from time to time designate one of the members of the Board as Vice Chairman of the Board. During the absence or disability of the Chairman, or when the office of Chairman is vacant, the Vice Chairman shall perform the functions vested in the Chairman. “(c) During the absence or disability of both the Chairman and Vice Chairman, or when the offices of Chairman and Vice Chairman are vacant, the remaining Board member shall perform the functions vested in the Chairman. “§1204. Special Counsel; appointment and removal “The Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board shall be appointed by the President from attorneys, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, for a term of 5 years. A Special Counsel appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the end of a term of office of his predecessor serves for the remainder of the term. The Special Counsel may be removed by the President only for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. “§1205. Powers and functions of the Merit Systems Protection Board and Special Counsel “(a) The Merit Systems Protection Board shall— “(1) hear, adjudicate, or provide for the hearing or adjudication, of all matters within the jurisdiction of the Board under this title, section 2023 of title 38, or any other law, rule, or regulation, and, subject to otherwise applicable provisions of law, take final action on any such matter; “(2) order any Federal agency or employee to comply with any order or decision issued by the Board under the authority granted under paragraph (1) of this subsection and enforce compliance with any such order; “(3) conduct, from time to time, special studies relating to the civil service and to other merit systems in the executive branch, and report to the President and to the Congress as to whether the public interest in a civil service free of prohibited personnel practices is being adequately protected; and “(4) review, as provided in subsection (e) of this section, rules and regulations of the Office of Personnel Management. “(b) (1) Any member of the Merit Systems Protection Board, the Special Counsel, any administrative law judge appointed by the Board under section 3105 of this title, and any employee of the Board designated 5 USC 3105. by the Board may administer oaths, examine witnesses, take depositions, and receive evidence. “(2) Any member of the Board the Special Counsel, and any administrative law judge appointed by the Board under section 3105 of this title may— “(A) issue subpenas requiring the attendance and testimony Subpenas. of witnesses and the production of documentary or other evidence from any place in the United States or any territory or possession thereof, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, or the District of Columbia; and “(B) order the taking of depositions and order responses to written interrogatories. “(3) Witnesses (whether appearing voluntarily or under subpena) Witnesses. shall be paid the same fee and mileage allowances which are paid subpenaed witnesses in the courts of the United States. “(c) In the case of contumacy or failure to obey a subpena issued under subsection (b) (2) of this section, the United States district court for the judicial district in which the person to whom the subpena is addressed resides or is served may issue an order requiring such person to appear at any designated place to testify or to produce documentary or other evidence. Any failure to obey the order of the court may be punished by the court as a contempt thereof. “(d) (1) In any proceeding under subsection (a)(1) of this section, any member of the Board may request from the Director of the Office of Personnel Management an advisory opinion concerning the interpretation of any rule, regulation, or other policy directive promulgated by the Office of Personnel Management. “(2) In enforcing compliance with any order under subsection (a) (2) of this section, the Board may order that any employee charged with complying with such order, other than an employee appointed by the President by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, shall not be entitled to receive payment for service as an employee during any period that the order has not been complied with. The Board shall certify to the Comptroller General of the United States that such an order has been issued and no payment shall be made out of the Treasury of the United States for any service specified in such order. “(3) In carrying out any study under subsection (a)(3) of this section, the Board shall make such inquiries as may be necessary and, unless otherwise prohibited by law, shall have access to personnel records or information collected by the Office and may require additional reports from other agencies as needed. “(e) (1) At any time after the effective date of any rule or regulation issued by the Director in carrying out functions under section 1103 of this title, the Board shall review any provision of such rule Ante, p. 1119. or regulation— “(A) on its own motion; “(B) on the granting by the Board, in its sole discretion, of any petition for such review filed with the Board by any interested person, after consideration of the petition by the Board; or “(C) on the filing of a written complaint by the Special Counsel requesting such review. “(2) In reviewing any provision of any rule or regulation pursuant to this subsection the Board shall declare such provision— “(A) invalid on its face, if the Board determines that such provision would, if implemented by any agency, on its face, require any employee to violate section 2302(b) of this title; or Ante, p. 1114. “(B) invalidly implemented by any agency, if the Board determines that such provision, as it has been implemented by the agency through any personnel action taken by the agency or through any policy adopted by the agency in conformity with such provision, has required any employee to violate section 2302 (b) of this title. “(3) (A) The Director of the Office of Personnel Management, and the head of any agency implementing any provision of any rule or regulation under review pursuant to this subsection, shall have the right to participate in such review. “(B) Any review conducted by the Board pursuant to this subsection shall be limited to determining— “(i) the validity on its face of the provision under review; and “(ii) whether the provision under review has been validly implemented. “(C) The Board shall require any agency.— “(i) to cease compliance with any provisions of any rule or regulation which the Board declares under this subsection to be invalid on its face; and “(ii) to correct any invalid implementation by the agency of any provision of any rule or regulation which the Board declares under this subsection to have been invalidly implemented by the agency. “(f) The Board may delegate the performance of any of its administrative functions under this title to any employee of the Board. “(g) The Board shall have the authority to prescribe such regulations Regulations. as may be necessary for the performance of its functions. The Board shall not issue advisory opinions. All regulations of the Board Publication in Federal Register. shall be published in the Federal Register. “(h) Except as provided in section 518 of title 28, relating to litigation before the Supreme Court, attorneys designated by the Chairman of the Board may appear for the Board, and represent the Board, in any civil action brought in connection with any function carried out by the Board pursuant to this title or as otherwise authorized by law. “(i) The Chairman of the Board may appoint such personnel as may be necessary to perform the functions of the Board. Any appointment made under this subsection shall comply with the provisions of this title, except that such appointment shall not be subject to the approval or supervision of the Office of Personnel Management or the Executive Office of the President (other than approval required under section 3324 or subchapter VI I I of chapter 33 of this title). 5 USC 3324. Post, p. 1161. “(j) The Board shall prepare and submit to the President, and, at the same time, to the appropriate committees of Congress, an annual budget of the expenses and other items relating to the Board which shall, as revised, be included as a separate item in the budget required to be transmitted to the Congress under section 201 of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (31 U.S.C. 11). “(k) The Board shall submit to the President, and, at the same time, Recommendations, submittal to President and Congress. to each House of the Congress, any legislative recommendations of the Board relating to any of its functions under this title. “§1206. Authority and responsibilities of the Special Counsel “(a) (1) The Special Counsel shall receive any allegation of a prohibited personnel practice and shall investigate the allegation to the extent necessary to determine whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken. “(2) If the Special Counsel terminates any investigation under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Special Counsel shall prepare and transmit to any person on whose allegation the investigation was initiated a written statement notifying the person of the termination of the investigation and the reasons therefor. “(3) In addition to authority granted under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Special Counsel may, in the absence of an allegation, conduct an investigation for the purpose of determining whether there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken. “(b) (1) In any case involving— “(A) any disclosure of information by an employee or applicant for employment which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences— “(i) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or “(ii) mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; if the disclosure is not specifically prohibited by law and if the information is not specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs; or “(B) a disclosure by an employee or applicant for employment to the Special Counsel of the Merit Systems Protection Board, or to the Inspector General of an agency or another employee designated by the head of the agency to receive such disclosures of information which the employee or applicant reasonably believes evidences— “(i) a violation of any law, rule, or regulation; or “(ii) mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a substantial and specific danger to public health or safety; the identity of the employee or applicant may not be disclosed without the consent of the employee or applicant during any investigation under subsection (a) of this section or under paragraph (3) of this subsection, unless the Special Counsel determines that the disclosure of the identity of the employee or applicant is necessary in order to carry out the functions of the Special Counsel. “(2) Whenever the Special Counsel receives information of the type described in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Special Counsel shall promptly transmit such information to the appropriate agency head. “(3) (A) In the case of information received by the Special Counsel under paragraph (1) of this section, if, after such review as the Special Counsel determines practicable (but not later than 15 days after the receipt of the information), the Special Counsel determines that there is a substantial likelihood that the information discloses a violation of any law, rule, or regulation, or mismanagement, gross waste of funds, abuse of authority, or substantial and specific danger to the public health or safety, the Special Counsel may, to the extent provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, require the head of the agency to— “(i) conduct an investigation of the information and any Investigation. related matters transmitted by the Special Counsel to the head of the agency; and “(ii) submit a written report setting forth the findings of the Written report. head of the agency within 60 days after the date on which the information is transmitted to the head of the agency or within any longer period of time agreed to in writing by the Special Counsel. “(B) The Special Counsel may require an agency head to conduct an investigation and submit a written report under subparagraph (A) of this paragraph only if the information was transmitted to the Special Counsel by— “(i) any employee or former employee or applicant for employment in the agency which the information concerns; or “(ii) any employee who obtained the information in connection with the performance of the employee’s duties and responsibilities. “(4) Any report required under paragraph (3) (A) of this subsection shall be reviewed and signed by the head of the agency and shall include— “(A) a summary of the information with respect to which the investigation was initiated; “(B) a description of the conduct of the investigation; “(C) a summary of any evidence obtained from the investigation; “(D) a listing of any violation or apparent violation of any law, rule, or regulation; and “(E) a description of any corrective action taken or planned as a result of the investigation, such as— “(i) changes in agency rules, regulations, or practices; “(ii) the restoration of any aggrieved employee; “(iii) disciplinary action against any employee; and “(iv) referral to the Attorney General of any evidence of a criminal violation. “(5) (A) Any such report shall be submitted to the Congress, to the President, and to the Special Counsel for transmittal to the complainant. Whenever the Special Counsel does not receive the report of the agency head within the time prescribed in paragraph (3)(A)(ii) of this subsection, the Special Counsel may transmit a copy of the information which was transmitted to the agency head to the President and to the Congress together with a statement noting the failure of the head of the agency to file the required report. “(B) In any case in which evidence of a criminal violation obtained by an agency in an investigation under paragraph (3) of this subsection is referred to the Attorney General— “(i) the report shall not be transmitted to the complainant; and “(ii) the agency shall notify the Office of Personnel Management and the Office of Management and Budget of the referral. “(6) Upon receipt of any report of the head of any agency required under paragraph (3)(A)(ii) of this subsection, the Special Counsel shall review the report and determine whether— “(A) the findings of the head of the agency appear reasonable; and “(B) the agency’s report under paragraph (3)(A)(ii) of this subsection contains the information required under paragraph (4) of this subsection. “(7) Whenever the Special Counsel transmits any information to the head of the agency under paragraph (2) of this subsection but does not require an investigation under paragraph (3) of this subsection, the head of the agency shall, within a reasonable time after the information was transmitted, inform the Special Counsel, in writing, of what action has been or is to be taken and when such action will be completed. The Special Counsel shall inform the complainant of the report of the agency head., “(8) Except as specifically authorized under this subsection, the provisions of this subsection shall not be considered to authorize disclosure of any information by any agency or any person which is— “(A) specifically prohibited from disclosure by any other provision of law; or “(B) specifically required by Executive order to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs. “(9) In any case under subsection (b) (1) (B) of this section involving Information, transmittal to congressional committees. foreign intelligence or counterintelligence information the disclosure of which is specifically prohibited by law or by Executive order, the Special Counsel shall transmit such information to the Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence of the House of Representatives and the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate. “(c) (1) (A) If, in connection with any investigation under this section, the Special Counsel determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken which requires corrective action, the Special Counsel shall report the determination together with any findings or recommendations to the Board, the agency involved, and to the Office, and may report the determination, findings, and recommendations to the President. The Special Counsel may include in the report recommendations as to what corrective action should be taken. “(B) If, after a reasonable period, the agency has not taken the corrective action recommended, the Special Counsel may request the Board to consider the matter. The Board may order such corrective action as the Board considers appropriate, after opportunity for comment by the agency concerned and the Office of Personnel Management. “(2) (A) If, in connection with any investigation under this section, the Special Counsel determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that a criminal violation by an employee has occurred, the Special Counsel shall report the determination to the Attorney General and to the head of the agency involved, and shall submit a copy of the report to the Director of the Office of Personnel Management and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget. “(B) In any case in which the Special Counsel determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a prohibited personnel practice has occurred, exists, or is to be taken, the Special Counsel may proceed with any investigation or proceeding instituted under this section notwithstanding that the alleged violation has been reported to the Attorney General. “(3) If, in connection with any investigation under this section, the Special Counsel determines that there is reasonable cause to believe that any violation of any law, rule, or regulation has occurred which is not referred to in paragraph (1) or (2) of this subsection, the violation shall be reported to the head of the agency involved. The Special Counsel shall require, within 30 days of the receipt of the report by the agency, a certification by the head of the agency which states— “(A) that the head of the agency has personally reviewed the report; and “(B) what action has been, or is to be, taken, and when the action will be completed. “(d) The Special Counsel shall maintain and make available to the Public list. public a list of noncriminal matters referred to heads of agencies under subsections (b) (3) (A) and (c) (3) of this section, together with— “(1) reports by the heads of agencies under subsection (b) (3) Reports. (A) of this section, in the case of matters referred under subsection (b); and “(2) certifications by heads of agencies under subsection (c) Certifications. (3), in the case of matters referred under subsection (c). The Special Counsel shall take steps to ensure that any such public list does not contain any information the disclosure of which is prohibited by law or by Executive order requiring that information be kept secret in the interest of national defense or the conduct of foreign affairs. “(e) (1) In addition to the authority otherwise provided in this section, the Special Counsel shall, except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, conduct an investigation of any allegation concerning— “(A) political activity prohibited under subchapter III of chapter 73 of this title, relating to political activities by Federal 5 USC 7321. employees; “(B) political activity prohibited under chapter 15 of this title, 5 USC 1501 et seq. relating to political activities by certain State and local officers and employees; “(C) arbitrary or capricious withholding of information prohibited under section 552 of this title, except that the Special 5 USC 552. Counsel shall make no investigation under this subsection of any withholding of foreign intelligence or counterintelligence information the disclosure of which is specifically prohibited by law or by Executive order; “(D) activities prohibited by any civil service law, rule, or regulation, including any activity relating to political intrusion in personnel decisionmaking; and “(E) involvement by any employee in any prohibited discrimination found by any court or appropriate administrative authority to have occurred in the course of any personnel action. “(2) The Special Counsel shall make no investigation of any allegation of any prohibited activity referred to in paragraph (1)(D) or (1)(E) of this subsection if the Special Counsel determines that the allegation may be resolved more appropriately under an administrative appeals procedure. “(f) During any investigation initiated under this section, no disciplinary action shall be taken against any employee for any alleged prohibited activity under investigation or for any related activity without the approval of the Special Counsel. “(g) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, if the Special Counsel determines that disciplinary action should be taken against any employee— “(A) after any investigation under this section, or “(B) on the basis of any knowing and willful refusal or failure by an employee to comply with an order of the Merit Systems Protection Board, the Special Counsel shall prepare a written complaint against the employee containing his determination, together with a statement of supporting facts, and present the complaint and statement to the employee and the Merit Systems Protection Board in accordance with section 1207 of this title. “(2) In the case of an employee in a confidential, policy-making, policy-determining, or policy-advocating position appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate (other than an individual in the Foreign Service of the United States), the complaint and statement referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection, together with any response by the employee, shall be presented to the President for appropriate action in lieu of being presented under section 1207 of this title. “(h) If the Special Counsel believes there is a pattern of prohibited personnel practices and such practices involve matters which are not otherwise appealable to the Board under section 7701 of this title, the Post, p. 1138. Special Counsel may seek corrective action by filing a written complaint with the Board against the agency or employee involved and the Board shall order such corrective action as the Board determines necessary. “(i) The Special Counsel may as a matter of right intervene or otherwise participate in any proceeding before the Merit Systems Protection Board, except that the Special Counsel shall comply with the rules of the Board and the Special Counsel shall not have any right of judicial review in connection with such intervention. “(j) (1) The Special Counsel may appoint the legal, administrative, and support personnel necessary to perform the functions of the Special Counsel. “(2) Any appointment made under this subsection shall comply with the provisions of this title, except that such appointment shall not be subject to the approval or supervision of the Office of Personnel Management or the Executive Office of the President (other than approval required under section 3324 or subchapter VIII of- chapter 33 of this title). 5 USC 3324. Post, p. 1161. Regulations. Publication in Federal Register. “(k) The Special Counsel may prescribe regulations relating to the receipt and investigation of matters under the jurisdiction of the Special Counsel. Such regulations shall be published in the Federal Register. “(l) The Special Counsel shall not issue any advisory opinion concerning any law, rule, or regulation (other than an advisory opinion concerning chapter 15 or subchapter III of chapter 73 of this title). 5 USC 1501 et seq., 7321. Report to Congress. “(m) The Special Counsel shall submit an annual report to the Congress on the activities of the Special Counsel, including the number, types, and disposition of allegations of prohibited personnel practices filed with it, investigations conducted by it, and actions initiated by it before the Board, as well as a description of the recommendations and reports made by it to other agencies pursuant to this section, and the actions taken by the agencies as a result of the reports or recom-mendations. The report required by this subsection shall include whatever recommendations for legislation or other action by Congress the Special Counsel may deem appropriate. “§1207. Hearings and decisions on complaints filed by the Special Counsel “(a) Any employee against whom a complaint has been presented to the Merit Systems Protection Board under section 1206(g) of this title is entitled to— “(1) a reasonable time to answer orally and in writing and to furnish affidavits and other documentary evidence in support of the answer; “(2) be represented by an attorney or other representative; “(3) a hearing before the Board or an administrative law judge appointed under section 3105 of this title and designated by the 5 USC 3105. Board; “(4) have a transcript kept of any hearing under paragraph (3) of this subsection; and “(5) a written decision and reasons therefor at the earliest practicable date, including a copy of any final order imposing disciplinary action. “(b) A final order of the Board may impose disciplinary action Final order. consisting of removal, reduction in grade, debarment from Federal employment for a period not to exceed 5 3^ears, suspension, reprimand, or an assessment of a civil penalty not to exceed $1,000. “(c) There may be no administrative appeal from an order of the Board. An employee subject to a final order imposing disciplinary action under this section may obtain judicial review of the order in the United States court of appeals for the judicial circuit in which the employee resides or is employed at the time of the action. “(d) In the case of any State or local officer or employee under chapter 15 of this title, the Board shall consider the case in accordance 5 USC 1501 et seq. with the provisions of such chapter. “§1208. Stays of certain personnel actions “(a) (1) The Special Counsel may request any member of the Merit Systems Protection Board to order a stay of any personnel action for 15 calendar days if the Special Counsel determines that there are reasonable grounds to believe that the personnel action was taken, or is to be taken, as a result of a prohibited personnel practice. “(2) Any member of the Board requested by the Special Counsel to order a stay under paragraph (1) of this subsection shall order such stay unless the member determines that, under the facts and circumstances involved, such a stay would not be appropriate. “(3) Unless denied under paragraph (2) of this subsection, any stay under this subsection shall be granted within 3 calendar days (excluding Saturdays, Sundays, and legal holidays) after the date of the request for the stay by the Special Counsel. “(b) Any member of the Board may, on the request of the Special Counsel, extend the period of any stay ordered under subsection (a) of this section for a period of not more than 30 calendar days. “(c) The Board may extend the period of any stay granted under subsection (a) of this section for any period which the Board considers appropriate, but only if the Board concurs in the determination of the Special Counsel under such subsection, after an opportunity is provided for oral or written comment by the Special Counsel and the agency involved. “§1209. Information “(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of law or any rule, regulation or policy directive, any member of the Board, or any employee of the Board designated by the Board, may transmit to the Congress on the request of any committee or subcommittee thereof, by report, testimony, or otherwise, information and views on functions, responsibilities, or other matters relating to the Board, without review, clearance, or approval by any other administrative authority. “(b) The Board shall submit an annual report to the President and Report to President and Congress. the Congress on its activities, which shall include a description of significant actions taken by the Board to carry out its functions under this title. The report shall also review the significant actions of the Office of Personnel Management, including an analysis of whether the actions of the Office of Personnel Management are in accord with merit system principles and free from prohibited personnel practices.”.

2. 1989

   Whistleblower Protection Act of 1989

   Pub. L. 101–12 § 3(a)(1) · 103 Stat. 16

   Substituted · 5 U.S.C. § 1201

   Pub. L. 101–12 substituted “The members” for “The Chairman and members” in second sentence

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 101–12 substituted “The members” for “The Chairman and members” in second sentence.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in section 1201 in the second sentence by striking out “Chairman and”;

   Effective date note
   Pub. L. 101–12, § 11, Apr. 10, 1989, 103 Stat. 35, provided that: “This Act and the amendments made by this Act [see Short Title of 1989 Amendment note below] shall take effect 90 days following the date of enactment of this Act [Apr. 10, 1989].”

2 of 2 references resolved to an enrolled provision