§ 178c. Research and development program by Secretary of Agriculture

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1978

   Native Latex Commercialization and Economic Development Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–592 § 5 · 92 Stat. 2529

   Enacted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c

   Pub. L. 95–592, § 5, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2531

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 95–592, § 5, Nov. 4, 1978, 92 Stat. 2531

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct, sponsor, promote, 7 USC 178c. and coordinate basic and applied research, technology development, and technology transfer leading to effective and economical methods for large-scale culturing of plantations and the extraction of latex from Parthenium or other hydrocarbon-containing plants. Such research shall include, but not be limited to— (a) carrying out extensive seed collections from wild plants in Texas, Mexico, and other areas and borrowing or purchasing seeds from other sources; (b) developing a stockpile of Parthenium seeds, such stockpile to be appropriately classified and stored at a suitable facility; (c) carrying out breeding and selection programs for the purpose of improving latex yields, expanding insect and disease resistance, and broadening the ranges of drought and cold tolerance of the Parthenium plant; (d) establishing a system of experimental plantings in arid and semiarid regions of the United States having suitable climatic and soil conditions for the culture of Parthenium; (e) carrying out specific studies on the effects of irrigation on plant growth and latex yield and survival potential; (f) developing equipment needed to carry out nursery operations, planting, cultivating, harvesting, transporting the crop, and other necessary agricultural activities; (g) further refining present extraction technologies and future extraction technologies, including technologies which utilize solar energy; and (h) establishing and maintaining a bank of all pertinent Data bank, establishment. research data on native latex including extant United States Government publications and records from the emergency rubber project. Such data shall be made available to other Federal and State agencies and private persons who are interested or involved in native latex research, development, or manufacture.

2. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(1) · 98 Stat. 181

   Added · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(a)

   Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(1), added subsec. (a)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(1), added subsec. (a).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking out the first sentence and inserting in lieu thereof the following: “(a) The Department of Agriculture shall be the lead agency in carrying out this Act. “(b) The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct, sponsor, promote, and coordinate basic and applied research, technology development, and technology transfer leading to effective and economical methods for large-scale culturing of plantations and the extraction of latex from Parthenium or other hydrocarbon-containing plants, and for the development of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance.”;

3. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(1) · 98 Stat. 181

   Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)

   Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(1), designated existing provisions as subsec. (b) and in first sentence of subsec. (b) as so designated inserted provision relating to development of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(1), designated existing provisions as subsec. (b) and in first sentence of subsec. (b) as so designated inserted provision relating to development of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking out the first sentence and inserting in lieu thereof the following: “(a) The Department of Agriculture shall be the lead agency in carrying out this Act. “(b) The Secretary of Agriculture shall conduct, sponsor, promote, and coordinate basic and applied research, technology development, and technology transfer leading to effective and economical methods for large-scale culturing of plantations and the extraction of latex from Parthenium or other hydrocarbon-containing plants, and for the development of other critical agricultural materials from native agricultural crops having strategic and industrial importance.”;

4. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(2) · 98 Stat. 181

   Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(1); 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(2)

   Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), redesignated cls. (a) and (b) as pars. (1) and (2) of subsec. (b)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1), (2). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), redesignated cls. (a) and (b) as pars. (1) and (2) of subsec. (b).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by redesignating clauses (a) through (h) in the second sentence as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively;

5. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(2) · 98 Stat. 181

   1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(3)

      Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (3), redesignated cl. (c) as par. (3) of subsec. (b)

   2. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(3)

      Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (3), substituted “accelerating present plant breeding, genetics, and selection programs for the purpose of improving and increasing latex yields, expanding insect and disease resistance, broadening the ranges of drought and cold resistance of the Parthenium plant, and providing a system of regional research trials for enhancing and increasing the supply of foundation seed for certified seed production” for “carrying out breeding and selection programs for the purpose of improving latex yields, expanding insect and disease resistance, and broadening the ranges of drought and cold tolerance of the Parthenium plant”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (3), redesignated cl. (c) as par. (3) of subsec. (b) and substituted “accelerating present plant breeding, genetics, and selection programs for the purpose of improving and increasing latex yields, expanding insect and disease resistance, broadening the ranges of drought and cold resistance of the Parthenium plant, and providing a system of regional research trials for enhancing and increasing the supply of foundation seed for certified seed production” for “carrying out breeding and selection programs for the purpose of improving latex yields, expanding insect and disease resistance, and broadening the ranges of drought and cold tolerance of the Parthenium plant”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by redesignating clauses (a) through (h) in the second sentence as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively;

6. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(2) · 98 Stat. 181

   1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(4)

      Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (4), redesignated cl. (d) as par. (4) of subsec. (b)

   2. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(4)

      Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (4), substituted “establishing a system of large-scale experimental plantings (aggregating ten thousand acres or more) to provide shrub for feedstock to process in the developmental rubber processing facility described in paragraph (7)” for “establishing a system of experimental plantings in arid and semiarid regions of the United States having suitable climatic and soil conditions for the culture of Parthenium”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (4), redesignated cl. (d) as par. (4) of subsec. (b) and substituted “establishing a system of large-scale experimental plantings (aggregating ten thousand acres or more) to provide shrub for feedstock to process in the developmental rubber processing facility described in paragraph (7)” for “establishing a system of experimental plantings in arid and semiarid regions of the United States having suitable climatic and soil conditions for the culture of Parthenium”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by redesignating clauses (a) through (h) in the second sentence as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively;

7. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(2) · 98 Stat. 181

   Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(5); 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(6)

   Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), redesignated cls. (e) and (f) as pars. (5) and (6), respectively, of subsec. (b)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(5), (6). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), redesignated cls. (e) and (f) as pars. (5) and (6), respectively, of subsec. (b).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by redesignating clauses (a) through (h) in the second sentence as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively;

8. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(2) · 98 Stat. 181

   1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(7)

      Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (5), redesignated cl. (g) as par. (7) of subsec. (b)

   2. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(7)

      Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (5), substituted “accelerating the refinement of present extraction and processing technologies and future extraction technologies, including the development and construction of a developmental rubber processing facility for the extraction and production of test quantities of guayule natural rubber;” for “further refining present extraction technologies and future extraction technologies, including technologies which utilize solar energy; and”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(7). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), (5), redesignated cl. (g) as par. (7) of subsec. (b) and substituted “accelerating the refinement of present extraction and processing technologies and future extraction technologies, including the development and construction of a developmental rubber processing facility for the extraction and production of test quantities of guayule natural rubber;” for “further refining present extraction technologies and future extraction technologies, including technologies which utilize solar energy; and”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by redesignating clauses (a) through (h) in the second sentence as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively;

9. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(2) · 98 Stat. 181

   Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(8)

   Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), redesignated cl. (h) as par. (8) of subsec. (b)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(8). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(2), redesignated cl. (h) as par. (8) of subsec. (b).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by redesignating clauses (a) through (h) in the second sentence as paragraphs (1) through (8), respectively;

10. 1984

    Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(7) · 98 Stat. 181

    Added · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(9)

    Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(7), added par. (9)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(7), added par. (9).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (7) by adding after paragraph (8) (as so redesignated) the following new paragraph: “(9) studying the economic feasibility of developing other native agricultural crops (in addition to Parthenium and other hydrocarbon-containing plants) that would supply critical agricultural materials for strategic and industrial purposes, and, to the extent appropriate, carrying out research activities with respect to such crops in the manner specified in paragraphs (1) through (8).”; and

11. 1984

    Pub. L. 98–284 § 5(8) · 98 Stat. 181

    Added · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(c)

    Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(8), added subsec. (c)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–284, § 5(8), added subsec. (c).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (8) by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: Office of Critical Agricultural Materials, establishment. Research and development. “(c) The Secretary of Agriculture shall establish within the Department of Agriculture an Office of Critical Agricultural Materials, as a central location where such Department can address research and development with respect to agricultural crops that have the potential of producing critical materials for strategic and industrial purposes.”.

12. 1985

    National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985

    Pub. L. 99–198 § 1439(a) · 99 Stat. 1354

    Changed · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(9)

    Pub. L. 99–198, § 1439(a), extended research program to carrying out demonstration projects to promote the development or commercialization of native agricultural crops, including projects designed to expand domestic or foreign markets for such crops

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 99–198, § 1439(a), extended research program to carrying out demonstration projects to promote the development or commercialization of native agricultural crops, including projects designed to expand domestic or foreign markets for such crops.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Section 5(b)(9) of the Critical Agricultural Materials Act (7 U.S.C. 178c(b)(9)) is amended by inserting “, carrying out 98 Stat. 182. demonstration projects to promote the development or commercialization of such crops (including projects designed to expand domestic or foreign markets for such crops),” after “purposes,”.

13. 1985

    National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1985

    Pub. L. 99–198 § 1439(b) · 99 Stat. 1354

    Added · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(d)

    Pub. L. 99–198, § 1439(b), added subsec. (d)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 99–198, § 1439(b), added subsec. (d).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Section 5 of such Act is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: “(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in carrying out a demonstration project referred to in subsection (b)(9), the Secretary may— “(1) enter into a contract or cooperative agreement with, or Contracts. Grants. provide a grant to, any person, or public or private agency or organization, to participate in, carry out, support, or stimulate such project; “(2) make available for purposes of clause (1) agricultural commodities or the products thereof acquired by the Commodity Credit Corporation under price support operations conducted by the Corporation; or “(3) use any funds appropriated pursuant to section 16(a), or 98 Stat. 184. 7 USC 178n. any funds provided by any person, or public or private agency or organization, to carry out such project or reimburse the Commodity Credit Corporation for agricultural commodities or products that are utilized in connection with such project.”.

14. 1991

    Pub. L. 102–237 title X § 1005(1) · 105 Stat. 1818

    Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(9)

    Pub. L. 102–237 substituted “industrial purposes,” for “industrial purposes,,”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 102–237 substituted “industrial purposes,” for “industrial purposes,,”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in section 5(b)(9) (7 U.S.C. 178c(b)(9)), by striking the first comma after “industrial purposes”; and

15. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 title VII § 7501(a) · 132 Stat. 4490

    Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 178c(b)(9)

    Pub. L. 115–334 inserted “, and including hemp (as defined in section 1639o of this title)” after “hydrocarbon-containing plants”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(9). Pub. L. 115–334 inserted “, and including hemp (as defined in section 1639o of this title)” after “hydrocarbon-containing plants”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Hemp Research.— Section 5(b)(9) of the Critical Agricultural Materials Act (7 U.S.C. 178c(b)(9)) is amended by inserting “, and including hemp (as defined in section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946)” after “hydrocarbon-containing plants”.

18 of 18 references resolved to an enrolled provision