§ 18. Complaints against registered persons

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1922

   Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974

   Pub. L. 93–463 title I § 106 · 88 Stat. 1389

   Enacted · 7 U.S.C. § 18

   Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, § 14, as added Pub. L. 93–463, title I, § 106, Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1393

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Sept. 21, 1922, ch. 369, § 14, as added Pub. L. 93–463, title I, § 106, Oct. 23, 1974, 88 Stat. 1393

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 106. The Commodity Exchange Act, as amended, is amended Complaints. by adding at the end thereof the following new section: “Sec. 14. (a) Any person complaining of any violation of any provision 7 USC 18. 7 USC 6d, 6e. Post, pp. 1397, 1398. of this Act or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder by any person registered under section 4d, 4e, 4k, or 4m of this Act may, at any time within two years after the cause of action accrues, apply to the Commission by petition, which shall briefly state the facts, whereupon, if, in the opinion of the Commission, the facts therein contained warrant such action, a copy of the complaint thus made shall be forwarded by the Commission to the respondent, who shall be called upon to satisfy the complaint, or to answer it in writing, within a reasonable time to be prescribed by the Commission. “(b) If there appear to be, in the opinion of the Commission, any Investigation and hearing. reasonable grounds for investigating any complaint made under this section, the Commission shall investigate such complaint and may, if in its opinion the facts warrant such action, have said complaint served by registered mail or by certified mail or otherwise on the respondent and afford such person an opportunity for a hearing thereon before an Administrative Law Judge designated by the Commission in any place in which the said person is engaged in business: Provided, That in complaints wherein the amount claimed as damages does not exceed the sum of $2,500, a hearing need not be held and proof in support of the complaint and in support of the respondent’s answer may he, supplied in the form of depositions or verified statements of fact. “(c) After opportunity for hearing on complaints where the damages claimed exceed the sum of $2,500 has been provided or waived and on complaints where damages claimed do not exceed the sum of $2,500 not requiring hearing as provided herein, the Commission shall determine whether or not the respondent has violated any provision of this Act or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder. “(d) In case a complaint is made by a nonresident of the United Nonresidents of U.S., bonds. States, the complainant shall be required, before any formal action is taken on his complaint, to furnish a bond in double the amount of the claim conditioned upon the payment of costs, including a reasonable attorney’s fee for the respondent if the respondent shall prevail, and any reparation award that may be issued by the Commission against the complainant on any counterclaim by respondent: Provided, That the Commission shall have authority to waive the furnishing of a bond by a complainant who is a resident of a country which permits the filing of a complaint by a resident of the United States without the furnishing of a bond. “(e) If after a hearing on a complaint made by any person under Reparation. subsection (a) of this section, or without hearing as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, or upon failure of the party complained against to answer a complaint duly served within the time prescribed, or to appear at a hearing after being duly notified, the Commission determines that the respondent has violated any provision of this Act, or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, the Commission shall, unless the offender has already made reparation to the person complaining, determine the amount of damage, if any, to which such person is entitled as a result of such violation and shall make an order directing the offender to pay to such person complaining such amount on or before the date fixed in the order. If, after the respondent has filed his answer to the complaint, it appears therein that the respondent has admitted liability for a portion of the amount claimed in the complaint as damages, the Commission under such rules and regulations as it shall prescribe, unless the respondent has already made reparation to the person complaining, may issue an order directing the respondent to pay to the complainant the undisputed amount on or before the date fixed in the order, leaving the respondent’s liability for the disputed amount for subsequent determination. The remaining disputed amount shall be determined in the same manner and under the same procedure as it would have been determined if no order had been issued by the Commission with respect to the undisputed sum. “(f) If Enforcement of reparation award. any person against whom an award has been made does not pay the reparation award within the time specified in the Commission’s order, the complainant, or any person for whose benefit such order was made, within three years of the date of the order, may file a certified copy of the order of the Commission, in the district court of the United States for the district in which he resides or in which is located the principal place of business of the respondent, for enforcement of such reparation award by appropriate orders. The orders, writs, and processes of such district court may in such case run, be served, and be returnable anywhere in the United States. The petitioner shall not be liable for costs in the district court, nor for costs at any subsequent state of the proceedings, unless they accrue upon his appeal. If the petitioner finally prevails, he shall be allowed a reasonable attorney’s fee, to be taxed and collected as a part of the costs of the suit. Subject to the right of appeal under subsection (g) of this section, an order of the Commission awarding reparations shall be final and conclusive. “(g) Any Appeals. order of the Commission entered hereunder shall be reviewable on petition of any party aggrieved thereby, by the United States Court of Appeals for any circuit in which a hearing was held, or if no hearing was held, any circuit in which the appellee is located, under the procedure provided in paragraph (b) of section 6 of this Act. Such appeal shall not be effective unless within 30 days from and after the date of the reparation order the appellant also files with the clerk of the court a bond in double the amount of the reparation awarded against the appellant conditioned upon the payment of the judgment entered by the court, plus interest and costs, including a reasonable attorney’s fee for the appellee, if the appellee shall prevail. Such bond shall be in the form of cash, negotiable securities having a market value at least equivalent to the amount of bond prescribed, or the undertaking of a surety company on the approved list of sureties issued by the Treasury Department of the United States. The appellee shall not be liable for costs in said court. If the appellee prevails, he shall be allowed a reasonable attorney’s fee to be taxed and collected as a part of his costs. “(h) Unless Penalty. the registrant against whom a reparation order has been issued shows to the satisfaction of the Commission within fifteen days from the expiration of the period allowed for compliance with such order that he has either taken an appeal as herein authorized or has made payment in full as required by such order, he shall be prohibited from trading on all contract markets and his registration shall be suspended automatically at the expiration of such fifteen-day period until he shows to the satisfaction of the Commission that he has paid the amount therein specified with interest thereon to date of payment: Provided, That if on appeal the appellee prevails or if the appeal is dismissed the automatic prohibition against trading and suspension of registration shall become effective at the expiration of thirty days from the date of judgment on the appeal, but if the judgment is stayed by a court of competent jurisdiction the suspension shall become effective ten days after the expiration of such stay, unless prior thereto the judgment of the court has been satisfied. “(i) The provisions of this section shall not become effective until Effective date. one year after the date of its enactment: Provided, That claims which arise within nine months immediately prior to the effective date of this section may be heard by the Commission after such one year period.”

2. 1975

   Pub. L. 94–16 § 3 · 89 Stat. 77

   1. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(i)

      Pub. L. 94–16 substituted “fifteen months” for “one year”

   2. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(i)

      Pub. L. 94–16 substituted “one year” for “nine months”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 94–16 substituted “fifteen months” for “one year” in two places, and “one year” for “nine months”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 3. Section 106 of the Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974 is amended by striking the phrase “one year” wherever it 7 USC 18. appears in the last paragraph thereof (subsection (i) of new section 14 of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended) and substituting 7 USC 18. therefor the phrase “fifteen months” and by striking the phrase “nine months” in the last paragraph thereof (subsection (i) of the new section 14 of the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended) and substituting therefor the phrase “one year”.

3. 1978

   Futures Trading Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–405 § 21(1) · 92 Stat. 865

   Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

   Pub. L. 95–405, § 21(1), substituted “who is registered or required to be registered” for “registered”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 95–405, § 21(1), substituted “who is registered or required to be registered” for “registered”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) striking out in subsection (a) “registered” and inserting in lieu thereof “who is registered or required to be registered”;

4. 1978

   Futures Trading Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–405 § 21(2) · 92 Stat. 865

   Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(b); 7 U.S.C. § 18(c)

   Pub. L. 95–405, § 21(2), (3), substituted “$5,000” for “$2,500” wherever appearing

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsecs. (b), (c). Pub. L. 95–405, § 21(2), (3), substituted “$5,000” for “$2,500” wherever appearing.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) striking out in subsection (b) “$2,500” and inserting in lieu thereof “$5,000”; and

5. 1983

   Futures Trading Act of 1982

   Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(1) · 96 Stat. 2294

   1. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

      Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(1), substituted provisions relating to complaints against violations by persons “registered under this chapter” for provisions relating to complaints against persons “registered or required to be registered under section 6d, 6e, 6j, or 6m of this title”

   2. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

      Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(1), substituted provisions for application to Commission for an award of actual damages caused by such violation, for provisions authorizing application to Commission by petition, and forwarding of complaint, if warranted, to respondent for satisfaction or answer

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(1), substituted provisions relating to complaints against violations by persons “registered under this chapter” for provisions relating to complaints against persons “registered or required to be registered under section 6d, 6e, 6j, or 6m of this title”, and substituted provisions for application to Commission for an award of actual damages caused by such violation, for provisions authorizing application to Commission by petition, and forwarding of complaint, if warranted, to respondent for satisfaction or answer.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) amending subsection (a) to read as follows: “(a) Any person complaining of any violation of any provision of this Act, or any rule, regulation, or order issued pursuant to this Act, by any person who is registered under this Act may, at any time within two years after the cause of action accrues, apply to the Commission for an order awarding actual damages proximately caused by such violation.”;

6. 1983

   Futures Trading Act of 1982

   Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(2) · 96 Stat. 2294

   Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(b)

   Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(2), substituted provisions relating to promulgation by Commission of rules, regulations, and orders necessary or appropriate for administration of this section, including rules of practice and procedure governing proceedings before the Commission, for provisions relating to investigation and service of complaint by Commission, and hearing thereon before an Administrative Law Judge, except that where amount claimed as damages did not exceed $5,000, hearing need not be held, and proofs could be supplied by deposition or verified statements of fact

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(2), substituted provisions relating to promulgation by Commission of rules, regulations, and orders necessary or appropriate for administration of this section, including rules of practice and procedure governing proceedings before the Commission, for provisions relating to investigation and service of complaint by Commission, and hearing thereon before an Administrative Law Judge, except that where amount claimed as damages did not exceed $5,000, hearing need not be held, and proofs could be supplied by deposition or verified statements of fact.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) amending subsection (b) to read as follows: “(b) The Commission may promulgate such rules, regulations, and orders as it deems necessary or appropriate for the efficient and expeditious administration of this section. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, such rules, regulations, and orders may prescribe, or otherwise condition, without limitation, the form, filing, and service of pleadings or orders, the nature and scope of discovery, counterclaims, motion practice (including the grounds for dismissal of any claim or counterclaim), hearings (including the waiver thereof, which may relate to the amount in controversy), rights of appeal, if any, and all other matters governing proceedings before the Commission under this section.”;

7. 1983

   Futures Trading Act of 1982

   Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(3) · 96 Stat. 2294

   Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(c)

   Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c). Former subsec. (c), which provided that after opportunity for hearing on complaints where the damages claimed exceeded the sum of $5,000 had been provided or waived and on complaints where damages claimed did not exceed the sum of $5,000 not requiring hearing as provided herein, Commission would determine whether or not the respondent had violated any provision of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, was struck out

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (d) as (c). Former subsec. (c), which provided that after opportunity for hearing on complaints where the damages claimed exceeded the sum of $5,000 had been provided or waived and on complaints where damages claimed did not exceed the sum of $5,000 not requiring hearing as provided herein, Commission would determine whether or not the respondent had violated any provision of this chapter or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, was struck out.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) striking out subsections (c) and (e);

8. 1983

   Futures Trading Act of 1982

   Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(4) · 96 Stat. 2294

   1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(d)

      Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), (5), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d)

   2. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(d)

      Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), (5), substituted “subsection (e)” for “subsection (g)”. Former subsec. (d) was redesignated (c)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), (5), redesignated subsec. (f) as (d) and substituted “subsection (e)” for “subsection (g)”. Former subsec. (d) was redesignated (c).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (4) redesignating subsections (d), (f), (g), (h), and (i) as (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g), respectively;

9. 1983

   Futures Trading Act of 1982

   Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(3) · 96 Stat. 2294

   Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(e)

   Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (g) as (e). Former subsec. (e), which provided that if, after a hearing on a complaint made by any person under subsection (a) of this section, or without hearing as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, or upon failure of the party complained against to answer a complaint duly served within the time prescribed, or to appear at a hearing after being duly notified, the Commission determined that the respondent had violated any provision of this chapter, or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, the Commission would unless the offender had already made reparation to the person complaining, determine the amount of damage, if any, to which such person was entitled as a result of such violation and would make an order directing the offender to pay to such person complaining such amount on or before the date fixed in the order, and that if, after the respondent had filed his answer to the complaint, it appeared therein that the respondent had admitted liability for a portion of the amount claimed in the complaint as damages, the Commission under such rules and regulations as it would prescribe, unless the respondent had already made reparation to the person complaining, could issue an order directing the respondent to pay to the complainant the undisputed amount on or before the date fixed in the order, leaving the respondent’s liability for the disputed amount for subsequent determination, with the remaining disputed amount to be determined in the same manner and under the same procedure as it would have been determined if no order had been issued by the Commission with respect to the undisputed sum, was struck out

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(3), (4), redesignated subsec. (g) as (e). Former subsec. (e), which provided that if, after a hearing on a complaint made by any person under subsection (a) of this section, or without hearing as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, or upon failure of the party complained against to answer a complaint duly served within the time prescribed, or to appear at a hearing after being duly notified, the Commission determined that the respondent had violated any provision of this chapter, or any rule, regulation, or order thereunder, the Commission would unless the offender had already made reparation to the person complaining, determine the amount of damage, if any, to which such person was entitled as a result of such violation and would make an order directing the offender to pay to such person complaining such amount on or before the date fixed in the order, and that if, after the respondent had filed his answer to the complaint, it appeared therein that the respondent had admitted liability for a portion of the amount claimed in the complaint as damages, the Commission under such rules and regulations as it would prescribe, unless the respondent had already made reparation to the person complaining, could issue an order directing the respondent to pay to the complainant the undisputed amount on or before the date fixed in the order, leaving the respondent’s liability for the disputed amount for subsequent determination, with the remaining disputed amount to be determined in the same manner and under the same procedure as it would have been determined if no order had been issued by the Commission with respect to the undisputed sum, was struck out.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) striking out subsections (c) and (e);

10. 1983

    Futures Trading Act of 1982

    Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(4) · 96 Stat. 2294

    1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(f)

       Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), (6), redesignated subsec. (h) as (f), made certain grammatical changes

    2. Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(f)

       Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), (6), inserted provision allowing party against whom a reparation order has been issued to show compliance by payment of the full amount of the order or any agreed settlement thereof

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), (6), redesignated subsec. (h) as (f), made certain grammatical changes, and inserted provision allowing party against whom a reparation order has been issued to show compliance by payment of the full amount of the order or any agreed settlement thereof.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) redesignating subsections (d), (f), (g), (h), and (i) as (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g), respectively;

11. 1983

    Futures Trading Act of 1982

    Pub. L. 97–444 § 231(4) · 96 Stat. 2294

    Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(g)(i)

    Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), redesignated subsecs. (g), (h), and (i), as (e), (f), and (g), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (g) to (i). Pub. L. 97–444, § 231(4), redesignated subsecs. (g), (h), and (i), as (e), (f), and (g), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) redesignating subsections (d), (f), (g), (h), and (i) as (c), (d), (e), (f), and (g), respectively;

12. 1992

    Futures Trading Practices Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–546 § 224 · 106 Stat. 3590

    1. Amended · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

       Pub. L. 102–546, § 224, designated existing provisions as par. (1)

    2. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

       Pub. L. 102–546, § 224, redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively

    3. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

       Pub. L. 102–546, § 224, added par. (2)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–546, § 224, designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former pars. (1) and (2) as subpars. (A) and (B), respectively, and added par. (2).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 224. COMPLAINTS AGAINST REGISTERED PERSONS; CLASS ACTION SUITS. Section 14(a) (7 U.S.C. 18(a)) (as amended by section 222(b) of this Act) is further amended— (1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) and (B), respectively; (2) by inserting “(1)” after the subsection designation; and (3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: “(2) (A) An action may be brought under this subsection by any one or more persons described in this subsection for and in behalf of such person or persons and other persons similarly situated, if the Commission permits such actions pursuant to a final rule issued by the Commission. “(B) Not later than two hundred and seventy days after the date of enactment of this paragraph, the Commission shall propose and publish for public comment such rules as are necessary to carry out subparagraph (A). In developing such rules, the Commission shall consider the potential impact of such actions on resources available to the reparations system established under this Act and the relative merits of bringing such actions in Federal court.”.

13. 1992

    Futures Trading Practices Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–546 § 222(b) · 106 Stat. 3590

    Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)

    Pub. L. 102–546, § 222(b), substituted “awarding—” and pars. (1) and (2) for “awarding actual damages proximately caused by such violation.”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 102–546, § 222(b), substituted “awarding—” and pars. (1) and (2) for “awarding actual damages proximately caused by such violation.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Complaints Against Registered Persons.— Section 14(a) (7 U.S.C. 18(a)) is amended by striking “awarding actual damages proximately caused by such violation.” and inserting “ awarding— “(1) actual damages proximately caused by such violation. If an award of actual damages is made against a floor broker in connection with the execution of a customer order, and the futures commission merchant which selected the floor broker for the execution of the customer order is held to be responsible under section 2(a)(1) for the floor broker’s violation, such futures commission merchant may be required to satisfy such award; and “(2) in the case of any action arising from a willful and intentional violation in the execution of an order on the floor of a contract market, punitive or exemplary damages equal to no more than two times the amount of such actual damages. If an award of punitive or exemplary damages is made against a floor broker in connection with the execution of a customer order, and the futures commission merchant which selected the floor broker for the execution of the customer order is held to be responsible under section 2(a)(1) for the floor broker’s violation, such futures commission merchant may be required to satisfy such award if the floor broker fails to do so, except that such requirement shall apply to the futures commission merchant only if it willfully and intentionally selected the floor broker with the intent to assist or facilitate the floor broker’s violation.”.

14. 1992

    Futures Trading Practices Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–546 § 209(b)(7) · 106 Stat. 3590

    Changed · 7 U.S.C. § 18(e)

    Pub. L. 102–546, § 209(b)(7), made technical amendment to reference to sections 9 and 15 of this title to reflect change in reference to corresponding section of original act

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–546, § 209(b)(7), made technical amendment to reference to sections 9 and 15 of this title to reflect change in reference to corresponding section of original act.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (7) in section 14(e) by striking “paragraph (b) of section 7 USC 18. 6” and inserting “section 6(c)”; and

15. 1992

    Futures Trading Practices Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–546 § 402(11) · 106 Stat. 3590

    Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(g)

    Pub. L. 102–546, § 402(11), substituted “15-month” for second reference to “fifteen months”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 102–546, § 402(11), substituted “15-month” for second reference to “fifteen months”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (11) in section 14(g) by striking “fifteen months” the second 7 USC 18. place it appears and inserting “15-month”;

16. 2000

    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001

    Pub. L. 106–554 § 1(a)(5)(tI)(s123)(a)(23)(A) · 114 Stat. 2763

    Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(a)(1)(B)

    Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 123(a)(23)(A)], substituted “registered entity” for “ contract market”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(1)(B). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 123(a)(23)(A)], substituted “registered entity” for “ contract market”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) H.R. 5660, as introduced on December 14, 2000.

17. 2000

    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001

    Pub. L. 106–554 § 1(a)(5)(tI)(s123)(a)(23)(B) · 114 Stat. 2763

    Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 18(f)

    Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 123(a)(23)(B)], substituted “registered entities” for “ contract markets”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 123(a)(23)(B)], substituted “registered entities” for “ contract markets”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) H.R. 5660, as introduced on December 14, 2000.

18. 2000

    Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001

    Pub. L. 106–554 § 1(a)(5)(tI)(s118) · 114 Stat. 2763

    1. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 18(g)

       Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 118], added subsec. (g)

    2. Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 18(g)

       Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 118], struck out former subsec. (g) which read as follows: “The provisions of this section shall not become effective until fifteen months after October 23, 1974: Provided, That claims which arise within one year immediately prior to the effective date of this section may be heard by the Commission after such 15-month period.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 106–554, § 1(a)(5) [title I, § 118], added subsec. (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which read as follows: “The provisions of this section shall not become effective until fifteen months after October 23, 1974: Provided, That claims which arise within one year immediately prior to the effective date of this section may be heard by the Commission after such 15-month period.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) H.R. 5660, as introduced on December 14, 2000.

19. 2008

    CFTC Reauthorization Act of 2008

    Pub. L. 110–246 § 13105(k) · 122 Stat. 1651

    1. Amended · 7 U.S.C. § 18(d)

       Pub. L. 110–246, § 13105(k), designated existing provisions as par. (1)

    2. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 18(d)

       Pub. L. 110–246, § 13105(k), added par. (2)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 13105(k), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (k) Section 14(d) of such Act (7 U.S.C. 18(d)) is amended— (1) by inserting “(1)” before “If”; and (2) by adding after and below the end the following: “(2) A reparation award shall be directly enforceable in district court as if it were a judgment pursuant to section 1963 of title 28, United States Code. Applicability. Deadline. This paragraph shall operate retroactively from the effective date of its enactment, and shall apply to all reparation awards for which a proceeding described in paragraph (1) is commenced within 3 years of the date of the Commission’s order.” .

    Effective date note
    Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.

27 of 27 references resolved to an enrolled provision