Title 7 — Agriculture
Chapter 64 — Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching
§ 3319d. Supplemental and alternative crops
Statutory text
Research and pilot project program
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, during the period beginning , and ending , the Secretary shall develop and implement a research project program for the development of supplemental and alternative crops (including canola), using such funds as are appropriated to the Secretary each fiscal year under this chapter.
Importance to producers
The development of supplemental and alternative crops for agronomic rotational purposes and as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators is of critical importance to producers of agricultural commodities.
Research funding, special or competitive grants, etc.; program requirements; agreements, grants and other arrangements
The Secretary shall make competitive grants to further the purposes of this section in the implementation of a comprehensive and integrated program.
The program developed and implemented by the Secretary shall include—
an examination of the adaptation of supplemental and alternative crops;
the establishment and extension of various methods of planting, cultivating, harvesting, and processing supplemental and alternative crops;
the transfer of such applied research to on-farm practice as soon as practicable;
the establishment through grants, cooperative agreements, or other means of such processing, storage, and transportation facilities for supplemental and alternative crops as the Secretary determines will facilitate the achievement of a successful program; and
the application of such other resources and expertise as the Secretary considers appropriate to support the program.
The program may include, but shall not be limited to, agreements, grants, and other arrangements—
to conduct comprehensive resource and infrastructure assessments;
to develop and introduce supplemental and alternative income-producing crops;
to develop and expand domestic and export markets for such crops;
to provide technical assistance to farm owners and operators, marketing cooperatives, and others;
to conduct fundamental and applied research related to the development of new commercial products derived from natural plant material (including hemp (as defined in section 1639o of this title)) for industrial, medical, and agricultural applications; and
to participate with colleges and universities, other Federal agencies, and private sector entities in conducting research described in subparagraph (E).
Use of expertise and resources of other Federal agencies and land-grant colleges and universities
The Secretary shall use the expertise and resources of the Agricultural Research Service, the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, and the land-grant colleges and universities for the purpose of carrying out this section.
Authorization of appropriations
There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section—
such sums as are necessary for fiscal year 2013;
$1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018; and
$2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Food and Agriculture Act of 1977
Pub. L. 95–113 title XIV § 1473D · 91 Stat. 913
Enacted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d
Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1473D, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, § 1428, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1554
Source evidence
Code source credit
Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1473D, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, § 1428, Dec. 23, 1985, 99 Stat. 1554Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990
Pub. L. 101–624 title XVI § 1601(b)(5) · 104 Stat. 3359
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “1995” for “1990”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “1995” for “1990”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(5) Supplemental and alternative crops research.— Section 1473D(a) of that Act (7 U.S.C. 3319d(a)) is amended by striking “1990” and inserting “1995”.Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–127 § 819(a) · 110 Stat. 888
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(a), (b)(1), substituted “1997” for “1995”
Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(a), (b)(1), struck out “and pilot” after “research”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(a), (b)(1), substituted “1997” for “1995” and struck out “and pilot” after “research”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Extension of Program.— Section 1473D(a) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(a)) is amended by striking “1995” and inserting “1997”.Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–127 § 819(b)(2) · 110 Stat. 888
Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(2)(B)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(2), struck out “at pilot sites in areas adversely affected by declining demand for crops grown in the area” after “alternative crops”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(2), struck out “at pilot sites in areas adversely affected by declining demand for crops grown in the area” after “alternative crops”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) in subsection (c)(2)(B), by striking “at pilot sites” and all that follows through “the area”;Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–127 § 819(b)(3) · 110 Stat. 888
Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(2)(C)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(3), struck out “from pilot sites” after “research”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(3), struck out “from pilot sites” after “research”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(3) in subsection (c)(2)(C), by striking “from pilot sites”;Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–127 § 819(b)(4) · 110 Stat. 888
Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(2)(D)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(4), struck out “near such pilot sites” after “facilities” and “pilot” after “successful”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2)(D). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(4), struck out “near such pilot sites” after “facilities” and “pilot” after “successful”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(4) in subsection (c)(2)(D)— (A) by striking “near such pilot sites”; and (B) by striking “successful pilot program” and inserting “successful program”; andFederal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–127 § 819(b)(5) · 110 Stat. 888
Amended · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(3)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5), as amended by Pub. L. 105–185, § 606(a)
Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(3)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5), as struck out “pilot” before “program” in introductory provisions
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5), as amended by Pub. L. 105–185, § 606(a), struck out “pilot” before “program” in introductory provisions.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(5) in paragraph (3), by striking “pilot”.Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–127 § 819(c) · 110 Stat. 888
Added · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(3)(E); 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(3)(F)
Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(c), added subpars. (E) and (F)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(3)(E), (F). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(c), added subpars. (E) and (F).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(c) Additional Authority.— Section 1473D(c)(3) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(c)(3)) is amended— (1) in subparagraph (C), by striking “and” at the end; (2) in subparagraph (D), by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon; and (3) by adding at the end the following: “(E) to conduct fundamental and applied research related to the development of new commercial products derived from natural plant material for industrial, medical, and agricultural applications; and “(F) to participate with colleges and universities, other Federal agencies, and private sector entities in conducting research described in subparagraph (E).”.Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998
Pub. L. 105–185 § 301(a)(14) · 112 Stat. 523
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 105–185, § 301(a)(14), substituted “2002” for “1997”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–185, § 301(a)(14), substituted “2002” for “1997”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(14) in section 1473D(a) (7 U.S.C. 3319d(a)), by striking “1997” and inserting “2002”;Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998
Pub. L. 105–185 § 606(a) · 112 Stat. 523
Changed · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(3)
Pub. L. 105–185, § 606(a), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5). See 1996 Amendment note below
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–185, § 606(a), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5). See 1996 Amendment note below.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Supplemental and Alternative Crops Research.— Effective Effective date. 7 USC 3319d. as of April 6, 1996, section 819(b)(5) of the Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996 (Public Law 104–127; 110 Stat. 1167) is amended by striking “paragraph (3)” and inserting “subsection (c)(3)”.Pub. L. 107–171 title VII § 7115 · 116 Stat. 134
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 107–171 substituted “2007” for “2002”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted “2007” for “2002”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 7115. SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CROPS. Section 1473D(a) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(a)) is amended by striking “2002” and inserting “2007”.Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
Pub. L. 110–246 § 7136 · 122 Stat. 1651
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 110–246, § 7136, substituted “2012” for “2007”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7136, substituted “2012” for “2007”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 7136. SUPPLEMENTAL AND ALTERNATIVE CROPS. Section 1473D(a) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(a)) is amended by striking “2007” and inserting “2012”.Effective date note
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. Amendment by section 7511(c)(13) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008
Pub. L. 110–246 § 7511(c)(13) · 122 Stat. 1651
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(d)
Pub. L. 110–246, § 7511(c)(13), substituted “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture” for “the Cooperative State Research Service, the Extension Service”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7511(c)(13), substituted “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture” for “the Cooperative State Research Service, the Extension Service”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(13) Section 1473D(d) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(d)) is amended by striking “the Cooperative State Research Service, the Extension Service” and inserting “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture”.Effective date note
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title. Amendment by section 7511(c)(13) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2009, see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.Agricultural Act of 2014
Pub. L. 113–79 § 7122(a)(1) · 128 Stat. 649
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(a)(1), substituted “2018” for “2012”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(a)(1), substituted “2018” for “2012”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) in subsection (a), by striking “2012” and inserting “2018”; andAgricultural Act of 2014
Pub. L. 113–79 § 7122(b) · 128 Stat. 649
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(1)
Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(b), substituted “make competitive grants” for “use such research funding, special or competitive grants, or other means, as the Secretary determines,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(b), substituted “make competitive grants” for “use such research funding, special or competitive grants, or other means, as the Secretary determines,”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Competitive Grants.— Section 1473D(c)(1) of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3319d(c)(1)) is amended by striking “use such research funding, special or competitive grants, or other means, as the Secretary determines,” and inserting “make competitive grants”.Agricultural Act of 2014
Pub. L. 113–79 § 7122(a)(2) · 128 Stat. 649
Added · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(e)
Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(a)(2), added subsec. (e)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(a)(2), added subsec. (e).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(e) There are authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section— “(1) such sums as are necessary for fiscal year 2013; and “(2) $1,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2014 through 2018.” .Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115–334 § 7129(1) · 132 Stat. 4490
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(1), substituted “2023” for “2018”
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(a)
Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(1), substituted “crops (including canola),” for “crops,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(1), substituted “2023” for “2018” and “crops (including canola),” for “crops,”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) in subsection (a)— (A) by striking “2018” and inserting “2023”; and (B) by striking “crops,” and inserting “crops (including canola),”;Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115–334 § 7129(2) · 132 Stat. 4490
Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(b)
Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(2), inserted “for agronomic rotational purposes and as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators” after “alternative crops”
Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(b)
Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(2), substituted “commodities.” for “commodities whose livelihood is threatened by the decline in demand experienced with respect to certain of their crops due to changes in consumption patterns or other related causes.”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(2), inserted “for agronomic rotational purposes and as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators” after “alternative crops” and substituted “commodities.” for “commodities whose livelihood is threatened by the decline in demand experienced with respect to certain of their crops due to changes in consumption patterns or other related causes.”Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) in subsection (b)— (A) by inserting “for agronomic rotational purposes and as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators” after “alternative crops”; and (B) by striking “commodities whose” and all that follows through the period at the end and inserting “commodities.”;Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115–334 § 7129(3) · 132 Stat. 4490
Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(c)(3)(E)
Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(3), inserted “(including hemp (as defined in section 1639o of this title))” after “material”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(3)(E). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(3), inserted “(including hemp (as defined in section 1639o of this title))” after “material”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(3) in subsection (c)(3)(E), by inserting “(including hemp (as defined in section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946))” after “material”; andAgriculture Improvement Act of 2018
Pub. L. 115–334 § 7129(4) · 132 Stat. 4490
Added · 7 U.S.C. § 3319d(e)(3)
Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(4), added par. (3)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(4), added par. (3).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(4) in subsection (e)— (A) in paragraph (1), by striking “and” at the end; (B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and (C) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: “(3) $2,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.” .
23 of 24 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial
Editorial Notes
References in Text
For definition of “this chapter”, referred to in subsec. (a), see note set out under section 3102 of this title.
Codification
The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, as in effect on , to continue, and authorities to be carried out, until the later of ; the date specified in the provision of Pub. L. 115–234 or amendments made by that Act or by any other provisions of law enacted thereafter, including Pub. L. 118–234 and Pub. L. 119–21; or the date in effect pursuant to section 4101 of Pub. L. 118–158, see section 5002(a) of Pub. L. 119–37, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.
The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, as in effect on , to continue, and authorities to be carried out, until the later of ; the date specified in the provision of, or amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334; or the date in effect pursuant to section 102 of Pub. L. 118–22, see section 4101(a) of Pub. L. 118–158, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.
The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, as in effect on , to continue, and authorities to be carried out, until the later of , or the date specified in the provision of, or amendment made by, Pub. L. 115–334, see section 102(a) of Pub. L. 118–22, set out in an Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 9001 of this title.
The authorities provided by each provision of, and each amendment made by, Pub. L. 110–246, as in effect on , to continue, and the Secretary of Agriculture to carry out the authorities, until the later of , or the date specified in the provision of, or amendment made by, Pub. L. 110–246, see section 701(a) of Pub. L. 112–240, set out in a 1-Year Extension of Agricultural Programs note under section 8701 of this title.
Pub. L. 110–234 and Pub. L. 110–246 made identical amendments to this section. The amendments by Pub. L. 110–234 were repealed by section 4(a) of Pub. L. 110–246.
Amendments1990–2018 · 7 rounds
2018
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(1), substituted “2023” for “2018” and “crops (including canola),” for “crops,”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(2), inserted “for agronomic rotational purposes and as a habitat for honey bees and other pollinators” after “alternative crops” and substituted “commodities.” for “commodities whose livelihood is threatened by the decline in demand experienced with respect to certain of their crops due to changes in consumption patterns or other related causes.”
Subsec. (c)(3)(E). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(3), inserted “(including hemp (as defined in section 1639o of this title))” after “material”.
Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7129(4), added par. (3).
2014
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(a)(1), substituted “2018” for “2012”.
Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(b), substituted “make competitive grants” for “use such research funding, special or competitive grants, or other means, as the Secretary determines,”.
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7122(a)(2), added subsec. (e).
2008
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7136, substituted “2012” for “2007”.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7511(c)(13), substituted “the National Institute of Food and Agriculture” for “the Cooperative State Research Service, the Extension Service”.
2002
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–171 substituted “2007” for “2002”.
1998
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–185, § 301(a)(14), substituted “2002” for “1997”.
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–185, § 606(a), made technical amendment to directory language of Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5). See 1996 Amendment note below.
1996
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(a), (b)(1), substituted “1997” for “1995” and struck out “and pilot” after “research”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(B). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(2), struck out “at pilot sites in areas adversely affected by declining demand for crops grown in the area” after “alternative crops”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(C). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(3), struck out “from pilot sites” after “research”.
Subsec. (c)(2)(D). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(4), struck out “near such pilot sites” after “facilities” and “pilot” after “successful”.
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(b)(5), as amended by Pub. L. 105–185, § 606(a), struck out “pilot” before “program” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (c)(3)(E), (F). Pub. L. 104–127, § 819(c), added subpars. (E) and (F).
1990
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “1995” for “1990”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2008 Amendment
Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective , the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of this title.
Amendment by section 7511(c)(13) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective , see section 7511(c) of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1522 of this title.
Effective Date of 1998 Amendment
Pub. L. 105–185, title VI, § 606(a), , 112 Stat. 603, provided that the amendment made by section 606(a) is effective .
Credits
1985–2018 · 9 acts
- 1985Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1473D, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, § 1428, , 99 Stat. 1554
- 1990amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1601(b)(5), , 104 Stat. 3703
- 1996Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, § 819, , 110 Stat. 1167
- 1998Pub. L. 105–185, title III, § 301(a)(14), title VI, § 606(a), , 112 Stat. 562, 603
- 2002Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7115, , 116 Stat. 433
- 2008Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§ 7136, 7511(c)(13), , 122 Stat. 1228, 1268
- 2008Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, §§ 7136, 7511(c)(13), , 122 Stat. 1664, 1990, 2030
- 2014Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, § 7122, , 128 Stat. 876
- 2018Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, § 7129, , 132 Stat. 4795.
Show as published
(Pub. L. 95–113, title XIV, § 1473D, as added Pub. L. 99–198, title XIV, § 1428, , 99 Stat. 1554; amended Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1601(b)(5), , 104 Stat. 3703; Pub. L. 104–127, title VIII, § 819, , 110 Stat. 1167; Pub. L. 105–185, title III, § 301(a)(14), title VI, § 606(a), , 112 Stat. 562, 603; Pub. L. 107–171, title VII, § 7115, , 116 Stat. 433; Pub. L. 110–234, title VII, §§ 7136, 7511(c)(13), , 122 Stat. 1228, 1268; Pub. L. 110–246, § 4(a), title VII, §§ 7136, 7511(c)(13), , 122 Stat. 1664, 1990, 2030; Pub. L. 113–79, title VII, § 7122, , 128 Stat. 876; Pub. L. 115–334, title VII, § 7129, , 132 Stat. 4795.)