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119th Congress

Title 10 — Armed Forces

Part II · Chapter 81 — Civilian Employees

§ 1595. Civilian faculty members at certain Department of Defense schools: employment and compensation

Statutory text

(a)

Authority of Secretary.—

The Secretary of Defense may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the organizations specified in subsection (c) as the Secretary considers necessary.

(b)

Compensation of Faculty Members.—

The compensation of persons employed under this section shall be as prescribed by the Secretary.

(c)

Covered Organizations.—

This section applies with respect to the following organizations of the Department of Defense:

(1)

The National Defense University.

(2)

The Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute.

(3)

The English Language Center of the Defense Language Institute.

(4)

The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.

(5)

The Joint Special Operations University.

(6)

The Defense Security Cooperation University.

(7)

The Defense Institute for Security Governance.

(8)

The Defense Institute of International Legal Studies.

(9)

The United States Element of the Inter-American Defense College.

(d)

Application to Faculty Members at NDU.—

In the case of the National Defense University, this section applies with respect to persons selected by the Secretary for employment as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the National Defense University after .

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1990 and 1991

    Pub. L. 101–189 div. A title XI § 1124(a)(1) · 103 Stat. 1352

    Enacted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595

    Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, § 1124(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1558

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, § 1124(a)(1), Nov. 29, 1989, 103 Stat. 1558

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Chapter 81 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding after section 1594 (as added by section 664(b)) the following new section: “§ 1595. National Defense University: civilian faculty members “(a) Authority of Secretary.— The Secretary of Defense may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the National Defense University as the Secretary considers necessary. “(b) Compensation of Faculty Members.— The compensation of persons employed under this section shall be as prescribed by the Secretary. “(c) Application to Certain Faculty Members.— This section shall apply with respect to persons who are selected by the Secretary for employment as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the National Defense University after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section. “(d) National Defense University Defined.— In this section, the term ‘National Defense University’ includes the National War College, the Armed Forces Staff College, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.”.

  2. Persian Gulf Conflict Supplemental Authorization and Personnel Benefits Act of 1991

    Pub. L. 102–25 title VII § 701(h)(1) · 105 Stat. 75

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)

    Pub. L. 102–25 substituted “after February 27, 1990” for “after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–25 substituted “after February 27, 1990” for “after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Section 1595(c) is amended by striking out “after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section” and inserting in lieu thereof “after February 27, 1990”.

  3. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993

    Pub. L. 102–190 div. A title IX § 911 · 105 Stat. 1290

    Inserted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(d)

    Pub. L. 102–190 inserted “the Institute for National Strategic Study,” after “Staff College,”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–190 inserted “the Institute for National Strategic Study,” after “Staff College,”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 911. AUTHORITY TO HIRE CIVILIAN FACULTY MEMBERS FOR THE INSTITUTE FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDY. Section 1595(d) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by inserting “the Institute for National Strategic Study,” after “Armed Forces Staff College,”.

  4. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993

    Pub. L. 102–484 § 923(a)(2)(A) · 106 Stat. 2315

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595

    Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(2)(A), substituted “University; Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” for “University:” in section catchline

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(2)(A), substituted “University; Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” for “University:” in section catchline.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) The heading of such section is amended to read as follows: “§ 1595. National Defense University; Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute: civilian faculty members”.

  5. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993

    Pub. L. 102–484 § 923(a)(1)(A) · 106 Stat. 2315

    Inserted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(a)

    Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(1)(A), inserted “and the Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” after “National Defense University”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(1)(A), inserted “and the Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” after “National Defense University”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in subsection (a), by inserting “and the Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” after “National Defense University”; and

  6. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993

    Pub. L. 102–484 § 923(a)(1)(B) · 106 Stat. 2315

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)

    Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(1)(B), substituted “In the case of the National Defense University, this section” for “This section”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(1)(B), substituted “In the case of the National Defense University, this section” for “This section”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in subsection (c), by striking out “This section” and inserting in lieu thereof “In the case of the National Defense University, this section”.

  7. Pub. L. 103–160 div. A title IX § 923(a)(1) · 107 Stat. 1547

    1. Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595

      Pub. L. 103–160 substituted “Civilian faculty members at certain Department of Defense schools: employment and compensation” for “National Defense University: Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute: civilian faculty members” as section catchline

    2. Amended · 10 U.S.C. § 1595

      Pub. L. 103–160 amended text generally

    3. Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595

      Pub. L. 103–160 substituting subsecs. (a) to (e) for former subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to similar subject matter but not including coverage of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–160 substituted “Civilian faculty members at certain Department of Defense schools: employment and compensation” for “National Defense University: Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute: civilian faculty members” as section catchline and amended text generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (e) for former subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to similar subject matter but not including coverage of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Section 1595 of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 1595. Civilian faculty members at certain Department of Defense schools: employment and compensation “(a) Authority of Secretary.— The Secretary of Defense may employ as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the institutions specified in subsection (c) as the Secretary considers necessary. “(b) Compensation of Faculty Members.— The compensation of persons employed under this section shall be as prescribed by the Secretary. “(c) Covered Institutions.— This section applies with respect to the following institutions of the Department of Defense: “(1) The National Defense University. “(2) The Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute. “(3) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. “(d) Application to Faculty Members at NDU.— (1) In the case of the National Defense University, this section applies with respect to persons selected by the Secretary for employment as professors, instructors, and lecturers at the National Defense University after February 27, 1990. “(2) For purposes of this section, the National Defense University includes the National War College, the Armed Forces Staff College, the Institute for National Strategic Study, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces. “(e) Application to Director and Deputy Director at George C. Marshall Center.— In the case of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director.”.

  8. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997

    Pub. L. 104–201 § 1607(a) · 110 Stat. 2422

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(4); 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(5)

    Pub. L. 104–201, § 1607(a), added pars. (4) and (5)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(4), (5). Pub. L. 104–201, § 1607(a), added pars. (4) and (5).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Faculties.— Subsection (c) of section 1595 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: “(4) The English Language Center of the Defense Language Institute. “(5) The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.”.

  9. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997

    Pub. L. 104–201 § 1607(b) · 110 Stat. 2422

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(f)

    Pub. L. 104–201, § 1607(b), added subsec. (f)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201, § 1607(b), added subsec. (f).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Certain Administrators.— Such section is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(f) Application to Director and Deputy Director at Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.— In the case of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director.”.

  10. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998

    Pub. L. 105–85 § 921(c) · 111 Stat. 1629

    1. Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(d)

      Pub. L. 105–85, § 921(c), struck out “(1)” before “In the case of”

    2. Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(d)

      Pub. L. 105–85, § 921(c), struck out par. (2) which read as follows: “For purposes of this section, the National Defense University includes the National War College, the Armed Forces Staff College, the Institute for National Strategic Study, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–85, § 921(c), struck out “(1)” before “In the case of” and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: “For purposes of this section, the National Defense University includes the National War College, the Armed Forces Staff College, the Institute for National Strategic Study, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Repeal of Duplicative Definition.— Section 1595(d) of such title is amended— (1) by striking out “(1)” before “In the case of” and (2) by striking out paragraph (2).

  11. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1998

    Pub. L. 105–85 § 922(b) · 111 Stat. 1629

    1. Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(e); 10 U.S.C. § 1595(f)

      Pub. L. 105–85, § 922(b), added subsec. (e)

    2. Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(e); 10 U.S.C. § 1595(f)

      Pub. L. 105–85, § 922(b), struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which read as follows:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 105–85, § 922(b), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which read as follows:

    “(e) Application to Director and Deputy Director at George C. Marshall Center.—In the case of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director. “(f) Application to Director and Deputy Director at Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.—In the case of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Civilian Faculty Members.— Section 1595 of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking out subsections (e) and (f) and inserting in lieu thereof the following: “(e) Applicability to Director and Deputy Director at Certain Institutions.— In addition to the persons specified in subsection (a), this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director of the following: “(1) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. “(2) The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. “(3) The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”.

  12. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004

    Pub. L. 108–136 div. A title XI § 1115 · 117 Stat. 1392

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(6)

    Pub. L. 108–136 added par. (6)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 108–136 added par. (6).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 1115. AUTHORITY TO EMPLOY CIVILIAN FACULTY MEMBERS AT THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY COOPERATION.   Section 1595(c) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: “(6) The Western Hemisphere Institute for Security Cooperation.” .

  13. John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007

    Pub. L. 109–364 § 904(b)(1)(A) · 120 Stat. 2083

    1. Redesignated · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(3)(6)

      Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (4) and (6) as (3) and (4), respectively

    2. Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(3)(6)

      Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(A), struck out former pars. (3) and (5) which related to the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies and the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (4) and (6) as (3) and (4), respectively, and struck out former pars. (3) and (5) which related to the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies and the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in subsection (c)— (i) by striking paragraphs (3) and (5); and (ii) by redesignating paragraphs (4) and (6) as paragraphs (3) and (4), respectively; and

  14. John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007

    Pub. L. 109–364 § 904(b)(1)(B) · 120 Stat. 2083

    Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(e)

    Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “In addition to the persons specified in subsection (a), this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director of the following:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “In addition to the persons specified in subsection (a), this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director of the following:

    “(1) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies. “(2) The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies. “(3) The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) by striking subsection (e).

  15. John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019

    Pub. L. 115–232 div. A title V § 555 · 132 Stat. 1636

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(5)

    Pub. L. 115–232 added par. (5)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–232 added par. (5).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 555. EMPLOYMENT AND COMPENSATION OF CIVILIAN FACULTY MEMBERS AT THE JOINT SPECIAL OPERATIONS UNIVERSITY.   Section 1595(c) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: “(5) The Joint Special Operations University.” .

  16. William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

    Pub. L. 116–283 div. A title XI § 1107 · 134 Stat. 3388

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(6); 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(7)

    Pub. L. 116–283 added pars. (6) and (7)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(6), (7). Pub. L. 116–283 added pars. (6) and (7).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 1107. CIVILIAN FACULTY AT THE DEFENSE SECURITY COOPERATION UNIVERSITY AND INSTITUTE OF SECURITY GOVERNANCE.   Section 1595(c) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “(6) The Defense Security Cooperation University. “(7) The Defense Institute for Security Governance.” .

  17. National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

    Pub. L. 117–81 div. A title XI § 1104 · 135 Stat. 1541

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(8)

    Pub. L. 117–81 added par. (8)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 117–81 added par. (8).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 1104. AUTHORITY TO EMPLOY CIVILIAN FACULTY MEMBERS AT THE DEFENSE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES.   Section 1595(c) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph: “(8) The Defense Institute of International Legal Studies.” .

  18. Pub. L. 118–159 § 1107(b)(1) · 138 Stat. 2088

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(a)

    Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(1), substituted “organizations” for “institutions”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(1), substituted “organizations” for “institutions”.

  19. Pub. L. 118–159 § 1107(b)(2) · 138 Stat. 2088

    1. Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)

      Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(2), substituted “Organizations” for “Institutions” in introductory provisions

    2. Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)

      Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(2), substituted “organizations” for “institutions” in introductory provisions

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(2), substituted “Organizations” for “Institutions” in heading and “organizations” for “institutions” in introductory provisions.

  20. Pub. L. 118–159 § 1107(a) · 138 Stat. 2088

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 1595(c)(9)

    Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(a), added par. (9)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(a), added par. (9).

22 of 26 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 4 unresolved

Editorial Notes

Amendments1991–2024 · 10 rounds

2024

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(1), substituted “organizations” for “institutions”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(b)(2), substituted “Organizations” for “Institutions” in heading and “organizations” for “institutions” in introductory provisions.

Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 118–159, § 1107(a), added par. (9).

2021

Subsec. (c)(6), (7). Pub. L. 116–283 added pars. (6) and (7).

Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 117–81 added par. (8).

2018

Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–232 added par. (5).

2006

Subsec. (c)(3) to (6). Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(A), redesignated pars. (4) and (6) as (3) and (4), respectively, and struck out former pars. (3) and (5) which related to the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies and the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, respectively.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–364, § 904(b)(1)(B), struck out heading and text of subsec. (e). Text read as follows: “In addition to the persons specified in subsection (a), this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director of the following:

“(1) The George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.

“(2) The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.

“(3) The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”

2003

Subsec. (c)(6). Pub. L. 108–136 added par. (6).

1997

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–85, § 921(c), struck out “(1)” before “In the case of” and struck out par. (2) which read as follows: “For purposes of this section, the National Defense University includes the National War College, the Armed Forces Staff College, the Institute for National Strategic Study, and the Industrial College of the Armed Forces.”

Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 105–85, § 922(b), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsecs. (e) and (f) which read as follows:

“(e) Application to Director and Deputy Director at George C. Marshall Center.—In the case of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director.

“(f) Application to Director and Deputy Director at Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies.—In the case of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, this section also applies with respect to the Director and the Deputy Director.”

1996

Subsec. (c)(4), (5). Pub. L. 104–201, § 1607(a), added pars. (4) and (5).

Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 104–201, § 1607(b), added subsec. (f).

1993

Pub. L. 103–160 substituted “Civilian faculty members at certain Department of Defense schools: employment and compensation” for “National Defense University: Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute: civilian faculty members” as section catchline and amended text generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (e) for former subsecs. (a) to (d) relating to similar subject matter but not including coverage of the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies.

1992

Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(2)(A), substituted “University; Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” for “University:” in section catchline.

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(1)(A), inserted “and the Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute” after “National Defense University”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–484, § 923(a)(1)(B), substituted “In the case of the National Defense University, this section” for “This section”.

1991

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 102–25 substituted “after ” for “after the end of the 90-day period beginning on the date of the enactment of this section”.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 102–190 inserted “the Institute for National Strategic Study,” after “Staff College,”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effect of 1992 Amendments on Current Employees

Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IX, § 923(b), , 106 Stat. 2474, provided that: “In the case of a person who, on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act [], is employed as a professor, instructor, or lecturer at the Foreign Language Center of the Defense Language Institute, the Secretary of Defense shall afford the person an opportunity to elect to be paid under the compensation plan authorized by section 1595(b) of title 10, United States Code, or to continue to be paid under the General Schedule (with no reduction in pay) under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code.”

Credits

1989–2024 · 13 acts
  1. 1989Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, § 1124(a)(1), , 103 Stat. 1558
  2. 1991amended Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(h)(1), , 105 Stat. 115
  3. 1991Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, § 911, , 105 Stat. 1452
  4. 1992Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IX, § 923(a)(1), (2)(A), , 106 Stat. 2474
  5. 1993Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, § 923(a)(1), , 107 Stat. 1731
  6. 1996Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, § 1607, , 110 Stat. 2737
  7. 1997Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title IX, §§ 921(c), 922(b), , 111 Stat. 1863
  8. 2003Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, § 1115, , 117 Stat. 1636
  9. 2006Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, § 904(b)(1), , 120 Stat. 2353
  10. 2018Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, § 555, , 132 Stat. 1773
  11. 2021Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, § 1107, , 134 Stat. 3891
  12. 2021Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, § 1104, , 135 Stat. 1950
  13. 2024Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title XI, § 1107, , 138 Stat. 2088.
Show as published

(Added Pub. L. 101–189, div. A, title XI, § 1124(a)(1), , 103 Stat. 1558; amended Pub. L. 102–25, title VII, § 701(h)(1), , 105 Stat. 115; Pub. L. 102–190, div. A, title IX, § 911, , 105 Stat. 1452; Pub. L. 102–484, div. A, title IX, § 923(a)(1), (2)(A), , 106 Stat. 2474; Pub. L. 103–160, div. A, title IX, § 923(a)(1), , 107 Stat. 1731; Pub. L. 104–201, div. A, title XVI, § 1607, , 110 Stat. 2737; Pub. L. 105–85, div. A, title IX, §§ 921(c), 922(b), , 111 Stat. 1863; Pub. L. 108–136, div. A, title XI, § 1115, , 117 Stat. 1636; Pub. L. 109–364, div. A, title IX, § 904(b)(1), , 120 Stat. 2353; Pub. L. 115–232, div. A, title V, § 555, , 132 Stat. 1773; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title XI, § 1107, , 134 Stat. 3891; Pub. L. 117–81, div. A, title XI, § 1104, , 135 Stat. 1950; Pub. L. 118–159, div. A, title XI, § 1107, , 138 Stat. 2088.)

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