§ 342. Regional Centers for Security Studies

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 2000

   Pub. L. 106–398 § 1(dA) · 114 Stat. 1654

   Enacted · 10 U.S.C. § 342

   Added Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title IX, § 912(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–228, § 184

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 106–398, § 1 [[div. A], title IX, § 912(a)(1)], Oct. 30, 2000, 114 Stat. 1654, 1654A–228, § 184

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SECTION 1. ENACTMENT OF FISCAL YEAR 2001 NATIONAL DEFENSE AUTHORIZATION ACT. The provisions of H.R. 5408 of the 106th Congress, as introduced on October 6, 2000, are hereby enacted into law.

2. 2001

   National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2002

   Pub. L. 107–107 div. A title X § 1048(c)(2) · 115 Stat. 1012

   Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(a)

   Pub. L. 107–107 substituted “October 30, 2000,” for “the date of the enactment of this section,” in introductory provisions

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 107–107 substituted “October 30, 2000,” for “the date of the enactment of this section,” in introductory provisions.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Section 184(a) is amended by striking “the date of the enactment of this section,” and inserting “October 30, 2000,”.

3. 2003

   National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2004

   Pub. L. 108–136 div. A title IX § 931(b)(2) · 117 Stat. 1392

   Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(4)

   Pub. L. 108–136 struck out “foreign” before “gifts”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 108–136 struck out “foreign” before “gifts”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Section 184(b)(4) of such title is amended by striking “foreign”.

4. 2006

   National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006

   Pub. L. 109–163 div. A title IX § 903(b) · 119 Stat. 3136

   Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(4)

   Pub. L. 109–163 substituted “under section 2611 of this title.” for “under any of the following provisions of law:

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(4). Pub. L. 109–163 substituted “under section 2611 of this title.” for “under any of the following provisions of law:

   “(A) Section 2611 of this title. “(B) Section 1306 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995 (Public Law 103–337; 108 Stat. 2892). “(C) Section 1065 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1997 (Public Law 104–201; 110 Stat. 2653; 10 U.S.C. 113 note).”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Annual Report on Gift Acceptance.— Section 184(b)(4) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking “under any of the” and all that follows and inserting “under section 2611 of this title.”.

5. 2006

   John Warner National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2007

   Pub. L. 109–364 div. A title IX § 904(a)(1) · 120 Stat. 2083

   Amended · 10 U.S.C. § 342

   Pub. L. 109–364 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to notification to Congress of the establishment of new regional centers, annual report on the operation of such centers, and definition of “regional center for security studies”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 109–364 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, section consisted of subsecs. (a) to (c) relating to notification to Congress of the establishment of new regional centers, annual report on the operation of such centers, and definition of “regional center for security studies”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) In general.— Section 184 of title 10, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 184. Regional Centers for Security Studies “(a) In General.— The Secretary of Defense shall administer the Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies in accordance with this section as international venues for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, and exchange of ideas involving military and civilian participants. “(b) Regional Centers Specified.— (1) A Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies is a Department of Defense institution that— “(A) is operated, and designated as such, by the Secretary of Defense for the study of security issues relating to a specified geographic region of the world; and “(B) serves as a forum for bilateral and multilateral research, communication, and exchange of ideas involving military and civilian participants. “(2) The Department of Defense Regional Centers for Security Studies are the following: “(A) The Germany. George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies, established in 1993 and located in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany. “(B) Hawaii. The Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, established in 1995 and located in Honolulu, Hawaii. “(C) District of Columbia. The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, established in 1997 and located in Washington, D.C. “(D) District of Columbia. The Africa Center for Strategic Studies, established in 1999 and located in Washington, D.C. “(E) District of Columbia. The Near East South Asia Center for Strategic Studies, established in 2000 and located in Washington, D.C. “(3) No institution or element of the Department of Defense may be designated as a Department of Defense Regional Center for Security Studies for purposes of this section, other than the institutions specified in paragraph (2), except as specifically provided by law after the date of the enactment of this section. “(c) Regulations.— The administration of the Regional Centers under this section shall be carried out under regulations prescribed by the Secretary. “(d) Participation.— Participants in activities of the Regional Centers may include United States and foreign military, civilian, and nongovernmental personnel. “(e) Employment and Compensation of Faculty.— At each Regional Center, the Secretary may, subject to the availability of appropriations— “(1) employ a Director, a Deputy Director, and as many civilians as professors, instructors, and lecturers as the Secretary considers necessary; and “(2) prescribe the compensation of such persons, in accordance with Federal guidelines. “(f) Payment of Costs.— (1) Participation in activities of a Regional Center shall be on a reimbursable basis (or by payment in advance), except in a case in which reimbursement is waived in accordance with paragraph (3). “(2) For a foreign national participant, payment of costs may be made by the participant, the participant’s own government, by a Department or agency of the United States other than the Department of Defense, or by a gift or donation on behalf of one or more Regional Centers accepted under section 2611 of this title on behalf of the participant’s government. “(3) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the costs of activities of the Regional Centers for foreign military officers and foreign defense and security civilian government officials from a developing country if the Secretary determines that attendance of such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States. Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to this paragraph shall be paid from appropriations available to the Regional Centers. “(4) Funds accepted for the payment of costs shall be credited to the appropriation then currently available to the Department of Defense for the Regional Center that incurred the costs. Funds so credited shall be merged with the appropriation to which credited and shall be available to that Regional Center for the same purposes and same period as the appropriation with which merged. “(5) Funds available for the payment of personnel expenses under the Latin American cooperation authority set forth in section 1050 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies. “(g) Support to Other Agencies.— The Director of a Regional Center may enter into agreements with the Secretaries of the military departments, the heads of the Defense Agencies, and, with the concurrence of the Secretary of Defense, the heads of other Federal departments and agencies for the provision of services by that Regional Center under this section. Any such participating department and agency shall transfer to the Regional Center funds to pay the full costs of the services received. “(h) Annual Report.— Not later than February 1 of each year, the Secretary of Defense shall submit to the Committee on Armed Services of the Senate and the Committee on Armed Services of the House of Representatives a report on the operation of the Regional Centers for security studies during the preceding fiscal year. The annual report shall include, for each Regional Center, the following information: “(1) The status and objectives of the center. “(2) The budget of the center, including the costs of operating the center. “(3) A description of the extent of the international participation in the programs of the center, including the costs incurred by the United States for the participation of each foreign nation. “(4) A description of the foreign gifts and donations, if any, accepted under section 2611 of this title.” .

6. 2008

   Duncan Hunter National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2009

   Pub. L. 110–417 · 122 Stat. 4356

   Added · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(6)

   Pub. L. 110–417 added par. (6)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (f)(6). Pub. L. 110–417 added par. (6).

   Effective date note
   Pub. L. 110–417, [div. A], title IX, § 941(a)(2), Oct. 14, 2008, 122 Stat. 4576, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall take effect on October 1, 2008, and shall apply with respect to programs and activities under [former] section 184 of title 10, United States Code (as so amended) [now 10 U.S.C. 342], that begin on or after that date.”

7. 2009

   National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2010

   Pub. L. 111–84 div. A title X § 1073(a)(3) · 123 Stat. 2190

   Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(3)

   Pub. L. 111–84 substituted “October 17, 2006” for “the date of the enactment of this section”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 111–84 substituted “October 17, 2006” for “the date of the enactment of this section”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) Section 184(b)(3) is amended by striking “the date of the enactment of this section” and inserting “October 17, 2006”.

8. 2011

   National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012

   Pub. L. 112–81 div. A title X § 1061(2) · 125 Stat. 1298

   Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 342(h)

   Pub. L. 112–81 struck out subsec. (h) which required the Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report on the operation of the Regional Centers for security studies during the preceding fiscal year

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 112–81 struck out subsec. (h) which required the Secretary of Defense to submit an annual report on the operation of the Regional Centers for security studies during the preceding fiscal year.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Section 184 is amended by striking subsection (h).

9. 2013

   Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013

   Pub. L. 112–239 § 2854(b)(1)(A) · 126 Stat. 1632

   Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(2)(C)

   Pub. L. 112–239, § 2854(b)(1)(A), substituted “The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” for “The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(2)(C). Pub. L. 112–239, § 2854(b)(1)(A), substituted “The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” for “The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (A) in subsection (b)(2)(C), by striking “The Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” and inserting “The William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”; and

10. 2013

    Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013

    Pub. L. 112–239 § 2854(b)(1)(B) · 126 Stat. 1632

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(5)

    Pub. L. 112–239, § 2854(b)(1)(B), substituted “the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” for “the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 112–239, § 2854(b)(1)(B), substituted “the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” for “the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in subsection (f)(5), by striking “the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies” and inserting “the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies”.

11. 2014

    Military Construction Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015

    Pub. L. 113–291 div. B title XXVIII § 2861(b)(1) · 128 Stat. 3292

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(2)(B)

    Pub. L. 113–291 substituted “Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies” for “Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2)(B). Pub. L. 113–291 substituted “Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies” for “Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Reference to regional centers for strategic studies.— Section 184(b)(2)(B) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by striking “Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies” and inserting “Daniel K. Inouye Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies”.

12. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(1) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Changed · 10 U.S.C. § 342

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(1), renumbered section 184 of this title as this section

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(1), renumbered section 184 of this title as this section.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Transfer and redesignation.— Section 184 of title 10, United States Code, is transferred to chapter 16 of such title as added by subsection (a)(3), inserted after the table of sections at the beginning of subchapter V of such chapter, and redesignated as section 342.

13. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(2)(A) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(a)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(A), substituted “exchange of ideas, and training” for “and exchange of ideas”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(A), substituted “exchange of ideas, and training” for “and exchange of ideas”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in subsection (a), by striking “and exchange of ideas” and inserting “exchange of ideas, and training”;

14. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(2)(B)(i) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(1)(B)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(B)(i), substituted “exchange of ideas, and training” for “and exchange of ideas”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(B)(i), substituted “exchange of ideas, and training” for “and exchange of ideas”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (i) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking “and exchange of ideas” and inserting “exchange of ideas, and training”; and

15. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(2)(B)(ii) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(3)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(B)(ii), struck out “, except as specifically provided by law after October 17, 2006” before period at end

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(B)(ii), struck out “, except as specifically provided by law after October 17, 2006” before period at end.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (ii) in paragraph (3), by striking “, except as specifically provided by law after October 17, 2006”;

16. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(2)(C) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Inserted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(c)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(C), inserted at end “The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(C), inserted at end “The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) in subsection (c), by adding at the end the following new sentence: “The regulations shall prioritize within the respective areas of focus of each Regional Center the functional areas for engagement of territorial and maritime security, transnational and asymmetric threats, and defense sector governance.”; and

17. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(2)(D)(i) · 130 Stat. 2000

    1. Amended · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(3)

       Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(i), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A)

    2. Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(3)

       Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(i), substituted “security personnel” for “security civilian government officials”

    3. Added · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(3)

       Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(i), added subpar. (B)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f)(3). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(i), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), substituted “security personnel” for “security civilian government officials”, and added subpar. (B).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (i) in paragraph (3)— (I) by inserting “(A)” after “(3)”; (II) in subparagraph (A), as so designated, by striking “civilian government officials” and inserting “personnel”; and (III) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: “(B) (i) The Secretary of Defense may, with the concurrence of the Secretary of State, waive reimbursement otherwise required under this subsection of the costs of activities of the Regional Centers for personnel of nongovernmental and international organizations who participate in activities of the Regional Centers that enhance cooperation of nongovernmental organizations and international organizations with United States forces if the Secretary of Defense determines that attendance of such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States. “(ii) The amount of reimbursement that may be waived under clause (i) in any fiscal year may not exceed $1,000,000.” ; and

18. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(2)(D)(ii) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Substituted · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(5)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(ii), substituted “under section 312 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers.” for “under the Latin American cooperation authority set forth in section 1050 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f)(5). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(2)(D)(ii), substituted “under section 312 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers.” for “under the Latin American cooperation authority set forth in section 1050 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (ii) in paragraph (5), by striking “under the Latin American cooperation authority” and all that follows and inserting “under section 312 of this title are also available for the costs of the operation of the Regional Centers.”.

19. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(3) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 342(h); 10 U.S.C. § 342(i)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(3), added subsecs. (h) and (i)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (h), (i). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(3), added subsecs. (h) and (i).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) Codification of provisions relating to specific centers.— Such section 342, as so transferred and redesignated, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsections: “(h) Authorities Specific to Marshall Center.— (1) The Secretary of Defense may authorize participation by a European or Eurasian country in programs of the George C. Marshall Center for Security Studies (in this subsection referred to as the ‘Marshall Center’) if the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Secretary of State, that such participation is in the national interest of the United States. “(2) (A) In the case of any person invited to serve without compensation on the Marshall Center Board of Visitors, the Secretary of Defense may waive any requirement for financial disclosure that would otherwise apply to that person solely by reason of service on such Board. “(B) A member of the Marshall Center Board of Visitors may not be required to register as an agent of a foreign government solely by reason of service as a member of the Board. “(C) Notwithstanding section 219 of title 18, a non-United States citizen may serve on the Marshall Center Board of Visitors even though registered as a foreign agent. “(3) (A) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the costs of conferences, seminars, courses of instruction, or similar educational activities of the Marshall Center for military officers and civilian officials from states located in Europe or the territory of the former Soviet Union if the Secretary determines that attendance by such personnel without reimbursement is in the national security interest of the United States. “(B) Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to subparagraph (A) shall be paid from appropriations available for the Center. “(i) Authorities Specific to Inouye Center.— (1) The Secretary of Defense may waive reimbursement of the cost of conferences, seminars, courses of instruction, or similar educational activities of the Daniel K. Inouye Center for Security Studies for military officers and civilian officials of foreign countries if the Secretary determines that attendance by such personnel, without reimbursement, is in the national security interest of the United States. “(2) Costs for which reimbursement is waived pursuant to paragraph (1) shall be paid from appropriations available for the Center.” .

20. 2016

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2017

    Pub. L. 114–328 § 1241(e)(4) · 130 Stat. 2000

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 342(j)

    Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(4), added subsec. (j)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 114–328, § 1241(e)(4), added subsec. (j).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) Annual review of program structure and programs of centers.— Such section 342, as amended by this subsection, is further amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(j) Annual Review of Program Structure and Programs of Centers.— (1) The Secretary shall on an annual basis review the program and structure of each Regional Center in order to determine whether such Regional Center is appropriately aligned with the strategic priorities of the Department of Defense and the applicable geographic combatant commands. “(2) The Secretary may revise the program, structure, or both of a Regional Center following an annual review under paragraph (1) in order to more appropriately align the Regional Center with strategic priorities and the geographic combatant commands as described in that paragraph..” .

21. 2017

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2018

    Pub. L. 115–91 div. A title X § 1081(a)(17) · 131 Stat. 1283

    Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 342(j)(2)

    Pub. L. 115–91 struck out second period at end

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (j)(2). Pub. L. 115–91 struck out second period at end.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (17) Section 342(j)(2) is amended by striking the second period at the end.

22. 2021

    National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2022

    Pub. L. 117–81 div. A title X § 1082(a) · 135 Stat. 1541

    Added · 10 U.S.C. § 342(b)(2)(F)

    Pub. L. 117–81 added subpar. (F)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 117–81 added subpar. (F).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) In General.— Section 342(b)(2) of title 10, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: “(F) The Ted Stevens Center for Arctic Security Studies, established in 2021 and located in Anchorage, Alaska.” .

23. 2025

    Pub. L. 119–60 div. A title XII § 1203 · 139 Stat. 1081

    Struck · 10 U.S.C. § 342(f)(3)(A)

    Pub. L. 119–60 struck out “from a developing country” after “security personnel”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–60 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f)(3)(A). Pub. L. 119–60 struck out “from a developing country” after “security personnel”.

23 of 25 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial · 1 unresolved