§ 112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1948

   Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683

   Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 112

   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 688

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 688

2. 1964

   Pub. L. 88–493 § 1 · 78 Stat. 610

   Changed · 18 U.S.C. § 112

   Pub. L. 88–493 included heads of foreign states or governments and foreign ministers

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 88–493 included heads of foreign states or governments and foreign ministers.

3. 1972

   Act for the Protection of Foreign Officials and Official Guests of the United States

   Pub. L. 92–539 title III § 301 · 86 Stat. 1070

   1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

      Pub. L. 92–539 substituted “Protection of foreign officials and official guests” for “Assaulting certain foreign diplomatic and other official personnel” in section catchline

   2. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

      Pub. L. 92–539 designated existing provisions as subsec. (a)

   3. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

      Pub. L. 92–539 substituted “a foreign official or official guest” for “the person of a head of foreign state or foreign government, foreign minister, ambassador or other public minister”

   4. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

      Pub. L. 92–539 substituted “act” for “acts”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 92–539 substituted “Protection of foreign officials and official guests” for “Assaulting certain foreign diplomatic and other official personnel” in section catchline, designated existing provisions as subsec. (a), and substituted “a foreign official or official guest” for “the person of a head of foreign state or foreign government, foreign minister, ambassador or other public minister” and “act” for “acts”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 301. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials and official guests “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official or official guest shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest, or willfully obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties, shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) Whoever within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises belonging to or used or occupied by a foreign government or by a foreign official for diplomatic or consular purposes, or as a mission to an international organization, or as a residence of a foreign official, or belonging to or used or occupied by an international organization for official business or residential purposes, publicly— “(1) parades, pickets, displays any flag, banner, sign, placard, or device, or utters any word, phrase, sound, or noise, for the purpose of intimidating, coercing, threatening, or harassing any foreign official or obstructing him in the performance of his duties, or “(2) congregates with two or more other persons with the intent to perform any of the aforesaid acts or to violate subsection (a) or (b) of this section, shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(d) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign official’, ‘foreign government’, Definitions. ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in sections 1116 (b) and (c) of this title. Ante, p. 1071. “(e) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.” USC prec. title 1.

4. 1972

   Act for the Protection of Foreign Officials and Official Guests of the United States

   Pub. L. 92–539 title III § 301 · 86 Stat. 1070

   Added · 18 U.S.C. § 112(b)(e)

   Pub. L. 92–539 added subsecs. (b) to (e)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsecs. (b) to (e). Pub. L. 92–539 added subsecs. (b) to (e).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 301. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials and official guests “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official or official guest shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000, or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest, or willfully obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties, shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) Whoever within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises belonging to or used or occupied by a foreign government or by a foreign official for diplomatic or consular purposes, or as a mission to an international organization, or as a residence of a foreign official, or belonging to or used or occupied by an international organization for official business or residential purposes, publicly— “(1) parades, pickets, displays any flag, banner, sign, placard, or device, or utters any word, phrase, sound, or noise, for the purpose of intimidating, coercing, threatening, or harassing any foreign official or obstructing him in the performance of his duties, or “(2) congregates with two or more other persons with the intent to perform any of the aforesaid acts or to violate subsection (a) or (b) of this section, shall be fined not more than $500, or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(d) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign official’, ‘foreign government’, Definitions. ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in sections 1116 (b) and (c) of this title. Ante, p. 1071. “(e) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States.” USC prec. title 1.

5. 1976

   Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons

   Pub. L. 94–467 § 5 · 90 Stat. 1997

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112

   Pub. L. 94–467 substituted “official guests, and internationally protected persons” for “and official guests” in section catchline

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 94–467 substituted “official guests, and internationally protected persons” for “and official guests” in section catchline.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official, official guest, or internationally protected person or makes any other violent attack upon the person or liberty of such person, or, if likely to endanger his person or liberty, makes a violent attack upon his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or attempts to commit any of the foregoing shall lie fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully— “(1) intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest or obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties; “(2) attempts to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass a foreign official or an official guest or obstruct a foreign official in the performance of his duties; or “(3) within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises in whole or in part, owned, used, or occupied for official business or for diplomatic, consular, or residential purposes by— “(A) a foreign government, including such use as a mission to an international organization; “(B) an international organization; “(C) a foreign official; or “(D) an official guest; congregates with two or more other persons with intent to violate any other provision of this section; shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign government’, ‘foreign Definitions. official’, ‘internationally protected person’, ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116 (b) of this title. “(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Ante, p. 1997. “(e) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally Jurisdiction. protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sect ions 5 and 7 of this title and section 101(34) of the 18 USC 5, 7. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1801(34)). “(f) In the course of enforcement of subsection (a) and any Assistance for Attorney General. other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary, notwithstanding.”.

6. 1976

   Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons

   Pub. L. 94–467 § 5 · 90 Stat. 1997

   1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

      Pub. L. 94–467 substituted “official guest, or internationally protected person” for “or official guest”

   2. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

      Pub. L. 94–467 inserted provision including any other violent attack on the person or the liberty of such official, guest, or protected person, his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or any attempt thereof, as acts subject to fine or imprisonment

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 94–467 substituted “official guest, or internationally protected person” for “or official guest” and inserted provision including any other violent attack on the person or the liberty of such official, guest, or protected person, his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or any attempt thereof, as acts subject to fine or imprisonment.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official, official guest, or internationally protected person or makes any other violent attack upon the person or liberty of such person, or, if likely to endanger his person or liberty, makes a violent attack upon his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or attempts to commit any of the foregoing shall lie fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully— “(1) intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest or obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties; “(2) attempts to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass a foreign official or an official guest or obstruct a foreign official in the performance of his duties; or “(3) within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises in whole or in part, owned, used, or occupied for official business or for diplomatic, consular, or residential purposes by— “(A) a foreign government, including such use as a mission to an international organization; “(B) an international organization; “(C) a foreign official; or “(D) an official guest; congregates with two or more other persons with intent to violate any other provision of this section; shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign government’, ‘foreign Definitions. official’, ‘internationally protected person’, ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116 (b) of this title. “(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Ante, p. 1997. “(e) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally Jurisdiction. protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sect ions 5 and 7 of this title and section 101(34) of the 18 USC 5, 7. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1801(34)). “(f) In the course of enforcement of subsection (a) and any Assistance for Attorney General. other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary, notwithstanding.”.

7. 1976

   Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons

   Pub. L. 94–467 § 5 · 90 Stat. 1997

   Added · 18 U.S.C. § 112(b)

   Pub. L. 94–467 restructured subsec. (b) and added pars. (2) and (3)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 94–467 restructured subsec. (b) and added pars. (2) and (3).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official, official guest, or internationally protected person or makes any other violent attack upon the person or liberty of such person, or, if likely to endanger his person or liberty, makes a violent attack upon his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or attempts to commit any of the foregoing shall lie fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully— “(1) intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest or obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties; “(2) attempts to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass a foreign official or an official guest or obstruct a foreign official in the performance of his duties; or “(3) within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises in whole or in part, owned, used, or occupied for official business or for diplomatic, consular, or residential purposes by— “(A) a foreign government, including such use as a mission to an international organization; “(B) an international organization; “(C) a foreign official; or “(D) an official guest; congregates with two or more other persons with intent to violate any other provision of this section; shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign government’, ‘foreign Definitions. official’, ‘internationally protected person’, ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116 (b) of this title. “(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Ante, p. 1997. “(e) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally Jurisdiction. protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sect ions 5 and 7 of this title and section 101(34) of the 18 USC 5, 7. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1801(34)). “(f) In the course of enforcement of subsection (a) and any Assistance for Attorney General. other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary, notwithstanding.”.

8. 1976

   Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons

   Pub. L. 94–467 § 5 · 90 Stat. 1997

   1. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 112(c)

      Pub. L. 94–467 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c)

   2. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(c)

      Pub. L. 94–467 inserted “internationally protected persons”

   3. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 112(c)

      Pub. L. 94–467 struck out reference to section 1116(c) of this title. Former subsec. (c), which related to punishment for intimidating or harassing demonstrations against foreign officials or any combination of two or more persons for such purposes, within one hundred feet of any buildings or premises owned by a foreign government located within the United States but outside the District of Columbia, was struck out

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 94–467 redesignated subsec. (d) as (c), inserted “internationally protected persons”, and struck out reference to section 1116(c) of this title. Former subsec. (c), which related to punishment for intimidating or harassing demonstrations against foreign officials or any combination of two or more persons for such purposes, within one hundred feet of any buildings or premises owned by a foreign government located within the United States but outside the District of Columbia, was struck out.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official, official guest, or internationally protected person or makes any other violent attack upon the person or liberty of such person, or, if likely to endanger his person or liberty, makes a violent attack upon his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or attempts to commit any of the foregoing shall lie fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully— “(1) intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest or obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties; “(2) attempts to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass a foreign official or an official guest or obstruct a foreign official in the performance of his duties; or “(3) within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises in whole or in part, owned, used, or occupied for official business or for diplomatic, consular, or residential purposes by— “(A) a foreign government, including such use as a mission to an international organization; “(B) an international organization; “(C) a foreign official; or “(D) an official guest; congregates with two or more other persons with intent to violate any other provision of this section; shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign government’, ‘foreign Definitions. official’, ‘internationally protected person’, ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116 (b) of this title. “(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Ante, p. 1997. “(e) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally Jurisdiction. protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sect ions 5 and 7 of this title and section 101(34) of the 18 USC 5, 7. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1801(34)). “(f) In the course of enforcement of subsection (a) and any Assistance for Attorney General. other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary, notwithstanding.”.

9. 1976

   Act for the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons

   Pub. L. 94–467 § 5 · 90 Stat. 1997

   1. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 112(d)(f)

      Pub. L. 94–467 added subsecs. (e) and (f)

   2. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 112(d)(f)

      Pub. L. 94–467 redesignated former subsecs. (d) and (e) as (c) and (d), respectively

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 94–467 added subsecs. (e) and (f) and redesignated former subsecs. (d) and (e) as (c) and (d), respectively.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 5. Section 112 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 112. Protection of foreign officials, official guests, and internationally protected persons “(a) Whoever assaults, strikes, wounds, imprisons, or offers violence to a foreign official, official guest, or internationally protected person or makes any other violent attack upon the person or liberty of such person, or, if likely to endanger his person or liberty, makes a violent attack upon his official premises, private accommodation, or means of transport, or attempts to commit any of the foregoing shall lie fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned not more than three years, or both. Whoever in the commission of any such act uses a deadly or dangerous weapon shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) Whoever willfully— “(1) intimidates, coerces, threatens, or harasses a foreign official or an official guest or obstructs a foreign official in the performance of his duties; “(2) attempts to intimidate, coerce, threaten, or harass a foreign official or an official guest or obstruct a foreign official in the performance of his duties; or “(3) within the United States but outside the District of Columbia and within one hundred feet of any building or premises in whole or in part, owned, used, or occupied for official business or for diplomatic, consular, or residential purposes by— “(A) a foreign government, including such use as a mission to an international organization; “(B) an international organization; “(C) a foreign official; or “(D) an official guest; congregates with two or more other persons with intent to violate any other provision of this section; shall be fined not more than $500 or imprisoned not more than six months, or both. “(c) For the purpose of this section ‘foreign government’, ‘foreign Definitions. official’, ‘internationally protected person’, ‘international organization’, and ‘official guest’ shall have the same meanings as those provided in section 1116 (b) of this title. “(d) Nothing contained in this section shall be construed or applied so as to abridge the exercise of rights guaranteed under the first amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Ante, p. 1997. “(e) If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally Jurisdiction. protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender. As used in this subsection, the United States includes all areas under the jurisdiction of the United States including any of the places within the provisions of sect ions 5 and 7 of this title and section 101(34) of the 18 USC 5, 7. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1801(34)). “(f) In the course of enforcement of subsection (a) and any Assistance for Attorney General. other sections prohibiting a conspiracy or attempt to violate subsection (a), the Attorney General may request assistance from any Federal, State, or local agency, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, any statute, rule, or regulation to the contrary, notwithstanding.”.

10. 1977

    Pub. L. 95–163 § 17(b)(1) · 91 Stat. 1278

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(e)

    Pub. L. 95–163 substituted reference to section 101(35) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(34) of such Act

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–163 substituted reference to section 101(35) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(34) of such Act.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) renumbering paragraphs (11) through (38), and any references thereto, as paragraphs (12) through (39), respectively; and

11. 1978

    An Act to provide for Government guarantee of private loans of certain air carriers for purchase of modern aircraft and equipment, to foster the development and use of modern transport aircraft by such carriers, and for other purposes

    Pub. L. 95–504 § 2(b) · 92 Stat. 1705

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(e)

    Pub. L. 95–504 substituted reference to section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(35) of such Act

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–504 substituted reference to section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958 for reference to section 101(35) of such Act.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Section 101 of such Act is amended by renumbering the paragraphs of such section, including all references thereto, as paragraphs (1) through (41), respectively.

12. 1988

    Anti-Drug Abuse Amendments Act of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–690 title VI § 6478 · 102 Stat. 4181

    Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 112(b)(3)

    Pub. L. 100–690 struck out “but outside the District of Columbia” after “United States”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 100–690 struck out “but outside the District of Columbia” after “United States”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 6478. PROTECTION OF FOREIGN OFFICIALS. Section 112(b)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “but outside the District of Columbia”.

13. 1994

    Pub. L. 103–272 § 5(e)(2) · 108 Stat. 745

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(e)

    Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “section 46501(2) of title 49” for “section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1301(38))”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–272 substituted “section 46501(2) of title 49” for “section 101(38) of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended (49 U.S.C. 1301(38))”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) In the last sentence of sections 112(e), 878(d), 1116(c), and 1201(e), strike “section” and all that follows and substitute “section 46501(2) of title 49.”

14. 1994

    Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 § 330016(1)(K) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

    Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(K), substituted “under this title” for “not more than $5,000” before “or imprisoned not more than three years”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(K), substituted “under this title” for “not more than $5,000” before “or imprisoned not more than three years”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (K) in sections 35, 81, 112, 152, 153, 155, 212, 213, 214, 285, 334, 351, 435, 436, 438, 471, 472, 473, 476, 477, 478, 481, 485, 487, 488, 497, 498, 505, 506, 508, 509, 541, 542, 543, 544, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 592, 593, 602, 603, 606, 607, 642, 655, 658, 659, 660, 661, 663, 751, 799, 844, 872, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 914, 915, 924, 953, 954, 956, 1004, 1010, 1011, 1015, 1017, 1025, 1028, 1071, 1073, 1074, 1163, 1169, 1231, 1265, 1363, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1465, 1503, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1510, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1588, 1658, 1659, 1717, 1732, 1735, 1737, 1751, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1915, 1991, 2072, 2073, 2113, 2217, 2152, 2197, 2231, 2244, 2314, 2316, 2317, 2344, and 2701 by striking “not more than $5,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

15. 1994

    Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 § 320101(b)(2) · 108 Stat. 1796

    1. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

       Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(2), (3), inserted “, or inflicts bodily injury,” after “weapon”

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

       Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(2), (3), substituted “under this title” for “not more than $10,000” before “or imprisoned not more than ten years”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(2), (3), inserted “, or inflicts bodily injury,” after “weapon” and substituted “under this title” for “not more than $10,000” before “or imprisoned not more than ten years”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by inserting “, or inflicts bodily injury,” after “weapon”; and

16. 1994

    Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 § 320101(b)(1) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Repealed · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

    Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(1), which provided for amendment identical to Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(K), above, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(12)(A)

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(1), which provided for amendment identical to Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(K), above, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(12)(A).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by striking “not more than $5,000” and inserting “under this title”;

17. 1994

    Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 § 330016(1)(G) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(b)

    Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(G), in concluding provisions, substituted “under this title” for “not more than $500”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(G), in concluding provisions, substituted “under this title” for “not more than $500”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (G) in sections 4, 41, 42, 46, 47, 112, 154, 244, 288, 290, 336, 475, 501, 502, 755, 872, 875, 876, 877, 917, 1013, 1018, 1024, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1382, 1541, 1700, 1703, 1704, 1707, 1712, 1713, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1729, 1731, 1734, 1752, 1793, 1856, 1857, 1863, 1912, 1913, 1922, 2074, 2195, and 2511 by striking “not more than $500” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

18. 1996

    Pub. L. 104–132 § 721(d)(1) · 110 Stat. 1214

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(c)

    Pub. L. 104–132, § 721(d)(1), inserted “ ‘national of the United States’,” before “and ‘official guest’ ”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 104–132, § 721(d)(1), inserted “ ‘national of the United States’,” before “and ‘official guest’ ”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subsection (c), by inserting “‘national of the United States’,” before “and”; and

19. 1996

    Pub. L. 104–132 § 721(d)(2) · 110 Stat. 1214

    1. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 112(e)

       Pub. L. 104–132, § 721(d)(2), inserted first sentence

    2. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 112(e)

       Pub. L. 104–132, § 721(d)(2), struck out former first sentence which read as follows: “If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 104–132, § 721(d)(2), inserted first sentence and struck out former first sentence which read as follows: “If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally protected person, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if the alleged offender is present within the United States, irrespective of the place where the offense was committed or the nationality of the victim or the alleged offender.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in subsection (e), by striking the first sentence and inserting the following: “If the victim of an offense under subsection (a) is an internationally protected person outside the United States, the United States may exercise jurisdiction over the offense if (1) the victim is a representative, officer, employee, or agent of the United States, (2) an offender is a national of the United States, or (3) an offender is afterwards found in the United States.”.

20. 1996

    Economic Espionage Act of 1996

    Pub. L. 104–294 title VI § 604(b)(12)(A) · 110 Stat. 3488

    Repealed · 18 U.S.C. § 112(a)

    Pub. L. 104–294 repealed Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(1). See 1994 Amendment note below

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–294 repealed Pub. L. 103–322, § 320101(b)(1). See 1994 Amendment note below.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (1); 18 USC 112. 18 USC 113.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.

27 of 29 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 2 partial