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Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I · Chapter 103 — Robbery and Burglary

§ 2119. Motor vehicles

Statutory text

Whoever, with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm 1 takes a motor vehicle that has been transported, shipped, or received in interstate or foreign commerce from the person or presence of another by force and violence or by intimidation, or attempts to do so, shall—

(1)

be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both,

(2)

if serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365 of this title, including any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title) results, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both, and

(3)

if death results, be fined under this title or imprisoned for any number of years up to life, or both, or sentenced to death.

Footnotes

  1. 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by a comma.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Anti Car Theft Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–519 title I § 101(a) · 106 Stat. 3384

    Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 2119

    Added Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3384

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Added Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 101(a), Oct. 25, 1992, 106 Stat. 3384

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) In General.— Chapter 103 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “§ 2119. Motor vehicles “Whoever, possessing a firearm as defined in section 921 of this title, takes a motor vehicle that has been transported, shipped, or received in interstate or foreign commerce from the person or presence of another by force and violence or by intimidation, or attempts to do so, shall— “(1) be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both, “(2) if serious bodily injury (as defined in section 1365 of this title) results, be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years, or both, and “(3) if death results, be fined under this title or imprisoned for any number of years up to life, or both.”.

  2. Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 § 60003(a)(14) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2119

    Pub. L. 103–322, § 60003(a)(14), which directed the amendment of section 2119(3) of title 18 by substituting “, with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm” for “, possessing a firearm as defined in section 921 of this title,”, was executed by making the substitution in introductory provisions rather than in par. (3), to reflect the probable intent of Congress

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–322, § 60003(a)(14), which directed the amendment of section 2119(3) of title 18 by substituting “, with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm” for “, possessing a firearm as defined in section 921 of this title,”, was executed by making the substitution in introductory provisions rather than in par. (3), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (14) Carjacking.— Section 2119(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the period after “both” and inserting “, or sentenced to death.”; and by striking “, possessing a firearm as defined in section 921 of this title,” and inserting “, with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm”,

  3. Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 § 60003(a)(14) · 108 Stat. 1796

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 2119(3)

    Pub. L. 103–322, § 60003(a)(14), inserted before period at end “, or sentenced to death”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–322, § 60003(a)(14), inserted before period at end “, or sentenced to death”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (14) Carjacking.— Section 2119(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the period after “both” and inserting “, or sentenced to death.”; and by striking “, possessing a firearm as defined in section 921 of this title,” and inserting “, with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm”,

  4. Carjacking Correction Act of 1996

    Pub. L. 104–217 § 2 · 110 Stat. 3020

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 2119(2)

    Pub. L. 104–217 inserted “, including any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title” after “section 1365 of this title”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–217 inserted “, including any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title” after “section 1365 of this title”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 2. CLARIFICATION OF INTENT OF CONGRESS IN FEDERAL CARJACKING PROHIBITION. Section 2119(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting including any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title” after “(as defined in section 1365 of this title”.

4 of 4 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

Amendments1994–1996 · 2 rounds

1996

Par. (2). Pub. L. 104–217 inserted “, including any conduct that, if the conduct occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States, would violate section 2241 or 2242 of this title” after “section 1365 of this title”.

1994

Pub. L. 103–322, § 60003(a)(14), which directed the amendment of section 2119(3) of title 18 by substituting “, with the intent to cause death or serious bodily harm” for “, possessing a firearm as defined in section 921 of this title,”, was executed by making the substitution in introductory provisions rather than in par. (3), to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

Par. (3). Pub. L. 103–322, § 60003(a)(14), inserted before period at end “, or sentenced to death”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Federal Cooperation To Prevent “Carjacking” and Motor Vehicle Theft

Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 101(b), , 106 Stat. 3384, provided that: “In view of the increase of motor vehicle theft with its growing threat to human life and to the economic well-being of the Nation, the Attorney General, acting through the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the United States Attorneys, is urged to work with State and local officials to investigate car thefts, including violations of section 2119 of title 18, United States Code, for armed carjacking, and as appropriate and consistent with prosecutorial discretion, prosecute persons who allegedly violate such law and other relevant Federal statutes.”

Credits

1992–1996 · 3 acts
  1. 1992Added Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 101(a), , 106 Stat. 3384
  2. 1994amended Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60003(a)(14), , 108 Stat. 1970
  3. 1996Pub. L. 104–217, § 2, , 110 Stat. 3020.
Show as published

(Added Pub. L. 102–519, title I, § 101(a), , 106 Stat. 3384; amended Pub. L. 103–322, title VI, § 60003(a)(14), , 108 Stat. 1970; Pub. L. 104–217, § 2, , 110 Stat. 3020.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc18.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-05-04

USLM identifier /us/usc/t18/s2119