§ 241. Conspiracy against rights

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1948

   Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683

   Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 696

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 696

2. 1968

   Pub. L. 90–284 title I § 103(a) · 82 Stat. 73

   Changed · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 90–284 increased limitation on fines from $5,000 to $10,000 and provided for imprisonment for any term of years or for life when death results

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 90–284 increased limitation on fines from $5,000 to $10,000 and provided for imprisonment for any term of years or for life when death results.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Section 241 of title 18, United States Code, is amended Penalties. Conspiracy again at rights of citizens. 62 Stat. 696. by striking out the final paragraph thereof and substituting the following: “They shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and if death results, they shall be subject to imprisonment for any b rm of years or for life.”

3. 1988

   Minor and Technical Criminal Law Amendments Act of 1988

   Pub. L. 100–690 title VII § 7018(a) · 102 Stat. 4181

   1. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 241

      Pub. L. 100–690 struck out “of citizens” after “rights” in section catchline

   2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

      Pub. L. 100–690 substituted “inhabitant of any State, Territory, or District” for “citizen” in text

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 100–690 struck out “of citizens” after “rights” in section catchline and substituted “inhabitant of any State, Territory, or District” for “citizen” in text.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) In General.— Section 241 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “citizen” and inserting “inhabitant of any State, Territory, or District”.

4. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 § 330016(1)(L) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(L), substituted “They shall be fined under this title” for “They shall be fined not more than $10,000” in third par

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(L), substituted “They shall be fined under this title” for “They shall be fined not more than $10,000” in third par.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (L) in sections 33, 224, 231, 241, 245, 246, 286, 289, 332, 335, 337, 351, 371, 437, 440, 441, 493, 496, 500, 510, 545, 595, 599, 600, 601, 641, 664, 665, 667, 757, 792, 793, 798, 844, 892, 893, 894, 924, 952, 955, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 970, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1019, 1020, 1022, 1023, 1027, 1082, 1084, 1115, 1202, 1361, 1362, 1364, 1365, 1385, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1587, 1623, 1654, 1656, 1735, 1737, 1751, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1910, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1992, 2101, 2113, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2231, 2232, 2271, 2274, 2275, 2314, 2315, 2383, 2386, 2387, 2388, and 2512 by striking “not more than $10,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”;

5. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 § 320201(a) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 103–322, § 320201(a), substituted “person in any State” for “inhabitant of any State” in first par

   Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–322, § 320201(a), substituted “person in any State” for “inhabitant of any State” in first par.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Conspiracy Against Rights.— Section 241 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “inhabitant of” and inserting “person in”.

6. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 § 320103(a)(2) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 103–322, § 320103(a)(2)–(4), in third par., substituted “results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, they shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both” for “results, they shall be subject to imprisonment for any term of years or for life”

   Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–322, § 320103(a)(2)–(4), in third par., substituted “results from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, they shall be fined under this title or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both” for “results, they shall be subject to imprisonment for any term of years or for life”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) by inserting “from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap, aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill” after “results”;

7. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 § 320103(a)(1) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Repealed · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 103–322, § 320103(a)(1), which provided for amendment identical to Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(L), above, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(14)(A)

   Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–322, § 320103(a)(1), which provided for amendment identical to Pub. L. 103–322, § 330016(1)(L), above, was repealed by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(14)(A).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking “not more than $10,000” and inserting “under this title”;

8. 1994

   Federal Death Penalty Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 § 60006(a) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 103–322, § 60006(a), substituted “, or may be sentenced to death.” for period at end of third par

   Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–322, § 60006(a), substituted “, or may be sentenced to death.” for period at end of third par.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Conspiracy Against Rights.— Section 241 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the period at the end of the last sentence and inserting “, or may be sentenced to death”.

9. 1996

   Economic Espionage Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–294 § 607(a) · 110 Stat. 3488

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 241

   Pub. L. 104–294, § 607(a), substituted “any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District” for “any State, Territory, or District” in first par

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 104–294, § 607(a), substituted “any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District” for “any State, Territory, or District” in first par.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Sections 241 and 242 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “any State, Territory, or District” and inserting “any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or District”.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by section 604(b)(14)(A) of Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.

10. 1996

    Economic Espionage Act of 1996

    Pub. L. 104–294 § 604(b)(14)(A) · 110 Stat. 3488

    Repealed · 18 U.S.C. § 241

    Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(14)(A), repealed Pub. L. 103–322, § 320103(a)(1). See 1994 Amendment note below

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(14)(A), repealed Pub. L. 103–322, § 320103(a)(1). See 1994 Amendment note below.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (1); 18 USC 241. 18 USC 242. 18 USC 245.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 604(b)(14)(A) of Pub. L. 104–294 effective Sept. 13, 1994, see section 604(d) of Pub. L. 104–294, set out as a note under section 13 of this title.

10 of 11 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial