§ 2423. Transportation of minors

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1948

   Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683

   Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 812

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 812

2. 1978

   Protection of Children Against Sexual Exploitation Act of 1977

   Pub. L. 95–225 § 3(a) · 92 Stat. 7

   1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 95–225 substituted “Transportation of minors” for “Coercion or enticement of minor female” in section catchline

   2. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 95–225 designated existing provision as subsec. (a)

   3. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 95–225 substituted provisions relating to conduct prohibiting the transportation of minors for provisions relating to conduct prohibiting the coercion or enticement of a minor female

   4. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 95–225 added subsec. (b)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 95–225 substituted “Transportation of minors” for “Coercion or enticement of minor female” in section catchline, designated existing provision as subsec. (a), substituted provisions relating to conduct prohibiting the transportation of minors for provisions relating to conduct prohibiting the coercion or enticement of a minor female, and added subsec. (b).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Section 2423 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 2423. Transportation of minors “(a) Any person who transports, finances in whole or part the transportation of, or otherwise causes or facilitates the movement of, any minor in interstate or foreign commerce, or within the District of Columbia or any territory or other possession of the United States, with the intent— “(1) that such minor engage in prostitution; or “(2) that such minor engage in prohibited sexual conduct, if such person so transporting, financing, causing, or facilitating movement knows or has reason to know that such prohibited sexual conduct will be commercially exploited by any person; Penalty. shall be fined not more than $10,000 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both. “(b) As used in this section— Definitions. “(1) the term ‘minor’ means a person under the age of eighteen years; “(2) the term ‘prohibited sexual conduct’means— “(A) sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital, anal-genital, or oral-anal, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; “(B) bestiality; “(C) masturbation; “(D) sadomasochistic abuse (for the purpose of sexual stimulation); or “(E) lewd exhibition of the genitals or pubic area of any person; and “(3) the term ‘commercial exploitation’ means having as a direct or indirect goal monetary or other material gain.”.

3. 1986

   Child Sexual Abuse and Pornography Act of 1986

   Pub. L. 99–628 § 5(b)(1) · 100 Stat. 3510

   1. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 99–628 amended section generally, revising and restating as one paragraph provisions formerly contained in subsec. (a)

   2. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 99–628 striking out subsec. (b) which provided definitions

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 99–628 amended section generally, revising and restating as one paragraph provisions formerly contained in subsec. (a) and striking out subsec. (b) which provided definitions.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) Chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking out section 2421 and all that follows through section 2423 and inserting in lieu thereof the following: “§ 2421. Transportation generally “Whoever knowingly transports any individual in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. “§ 2422. Coercion and enticement “Whoever knowingly persuades, induces, entices, or coerces any individual to travel in interstate of foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, to engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. “§ 2423. Transportation of minors “Whoever knowingly transports any individual under the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.”.

4. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 title XVI § 160001(g) · 108 Stat. 1796

   1. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 103–322, as amended by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(33)

   2. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 103–322, as added subsec. (b)

   3. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

      Pub. L. 103–322, as substituted “(a) Transportation With Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.—A person who” for “Whoever”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 103–322, as amended by Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(33), added subsec. (b) and substituted “(a) Transportation With Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.—A person who” for “Whoever”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (g) Transportation of Minors.— Section 2423 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking “(a) Whoever” and inserting “(a) Transportation with Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.—A person who”; and (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(b) Travel With Intent To Engage in Sexual Act With a Juvenile.— A person who travels in interstate commerce, or conspires to do so, or a United States citizen or an alien admitted for permanent residence in the United States who travels in foreign commerce, or conspires to do so, for the purpose of engaging in any sexual act (as defined in section 2245) with a person under 18 years of age that would be in violation of chapter 109A if the sexual act occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both.”.

5. 1995

   Sex Crimes Against Children Prevention Act of 1995

   Pub. L. 104–71 § 5 · 109 Stat. 774

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)

   Pub. L. 104–71 substituted “2246” for “2245”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–71 substituted “2246” for “2245”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 5. TECHNICAL CORRECTION. Section 2423(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “2245” and inserting “2246”.

6. 1996

   Economic Espionage Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–294 § 604(b)(33) · 110 Stat. 3488

   Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 2423

   Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(33), amended directory language of Pub. L. 103–322, § 160001(g). See 1994 Amendment note below

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 104–294, § 604(b)(33), amended directory language of Pub. L. 103–322, § 160001(g). See 1994 Amendment note below.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (33) Section 160001(g)(1) of Public Law 103–322 is amended by striking “(a) Whoever” and inserting “Whoever”.

7. 1996

   Economic Espionage Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–294 § 601(b)(4) · 110 Stat. 3488

   Repealed · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)

   Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(b)(4), which made amendment identical to that made by Pub. L. 104–71, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–273. See 1995 Amendment note below

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(b)(4), which made amendment identical to that made by Pub. L. 104–71, was repealed by Pub. L. 107–273. See 1995 Amendment note below.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (4) Section 2423(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “2245” and inserting “2246”.

8. 1998

   Protection of Children From Sexual Predators Act of 1998

   Pub. L. 105–314 § 103(1) · 112 Stat. 2974

   1. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a)

      Pub. L. 105–314, § 103(1), added subsec. (a)

   2. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a)

      Pub. L. 105–314, § 103(1), struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows:

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–314, § 103(1), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which read as follows:

   “(a) Transportation With Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.—A person who knowingly transports any individual under the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any Territory or Possession of the United States, with intent that such individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: “(a) Transportation With Intent To Engage in Criminal Sexual Activity.— A person who knowingly transports an individual who has not attained the age of 18 years in interstate or foreign commerce, or in any commonwealth, territory or possession of the United States, with intent that the individual engage in prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both”; and

9. 1998

   Protection of Children From Sexual Predators Act of 1998

   Pub. L. 105–314 § 103(2) · 112 Stat. 2974

   Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)

   Pub. L. 105–314, § 103(2), substituted “15 years” for “10 years”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–314, § 103(2), substituted “15 years” for “10 years”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) in subsection (b), by striking “10 years” and inserting “15 years”.

10. 2002

    Criminal Law Technical Amendments Act of 2002

    Pub. L. 107–273 div. B title IV § 4002(c)(1) · 116 Stat. 1758

    Repealed · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)

    Pub. L. 107–273 repealed Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(b)(4). See 1996 Amendment note below

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 107–273 repealed Pub. L. 104–294, § 601(b)(4). See 1996 Amendment note below.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Elimination of duplicate amendments.— Effective on the date of its enactment, paragraphs (1), (2), and (4) of section 601(b), paragraph (2) of section 601(d), paragraph (2) of section 601(f), paragraphs (1) and (2)(A) of section 601(j), paragraphs Effective date. (1) and (2) of section 601(k), subsection (d) of section 602, paragraph (4) of section 604(b), subsection (r) of section 605, and paragraph (2) of section 607(j) of the Economic Espionage Act of 1996 are repealed.

    Effective date note
    Pub. L. 107–273, div. B, title IV, § 4002(c)(1), Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1808, provided that the amendment made by section 4002(c)(1) is effective Oct. 11, 1996.

11. 2003

    Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

    Pub. L. 108–21 § 105(b) · 117 Stat. 650

    Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a)

    Pub. L. 108–21, § 105(b), struck out “or attempts to do so,” before “shall be fined”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–21, § 105(b), struck out “or attempts to do so,” before “shall be fined”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Conforming Amendment.— Section 2423(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “or attempts to do so,”.

12. 2003

    Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

    Pub. L. 108–21 § 103(a)(2)(C) · 117 Stat. 650

    1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a)

       Pub. L. 108–21, § 103(a)(2)(C), (b)(2)(B), substituted “and imprisoned not less than 5 years and” for “, imprisoned”

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a)

       Pub. L. 108–21, § 103(a)(2)(C), (b)(2)(B), substituted “30 years” for “15 years, or both”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 108–21, § 103(a)(2)(C), (b)(2)(B), substituted “and imprisoned not less than 5 years and” for “, imprisoned” and “30 years” for “15 years, or both”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) in section 2423(a), by striking “15” and inserting “30”.

13. 2003

    Prosecutorial Remedies and Other Tools to end the Exploitation of Children Today Act of 2003

    Pub. L. 108–21 § 105(a) · 117 Stat. 650

    1. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)(g)

       Pub. L. 108–21, § 105(a), added subsecs. (b) to (g)

    2. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)(g)

       Pub. L. 108–21, § 105(a), struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (b) to (g). Pub. L. 108–21, § 105(a), added subsecs. (b) to (g) and struck out former subsec. (b) which read as follows:

    “(b) Travel With Intent To Engage in Sexual Act With a Juvenile.—A person who travels in interstate commerce, or conspires to do so, or a United States citizen or an alien admitted for permanent residence in the United States who travels in foreign commerce, or conspires to do so, for the purpose of engaging in any sexual act (as defined in section 2246) with a person under 18 years of age that would be in violation of chapter 109A if the sexual act occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) In General.— Section 2423 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: “(b) Travel With Intent To Engage in Illicit Sexual Conduct.— A person who travels in interstate commerce or travels into the United States, or a United States citizen or an alien admitted for permanent residence in the United States who travels in foreign commerce, for the purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct with another person shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both. “(c) Engaging in Illicit Sexual Conduct in Foreign Places.— Any United States citizen or alien admitted for permanent residence who travels in foreign commerce, and engages in any illicit sexual conduct with another person shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both. “(d) Ancillary Offenses.— Whoever, for the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain, arranges, induces, procures, or facilitates the travel of a person knowing that such a person is traveling in interstate commerce or foreign commerce for the purpose of engaging in illicit sexual conduct shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both. “(e) Attempt and Conspiracy.— Whoever attempts or conspires to violate subsection (a), (b), (c), or (d) shall be punishable in the same manner as a completed violation of that subsection. “(f) Definition.— As used in this section, the term ‘illicit sexual conduct’ means (1) a sexual act (as defined in section 2246) with a person under 18 years of age that would be in violation of chapter 109A if the sexual act occurred in the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of the United States; or (2) any commercial sex act (as defined in section 1591) with a person under 18 years of age. “(g) Defense.— In a prosecution under this section based on illicit sexual conduct as defined in subsection (f)(2), it is a defense, which the defendant must establish by a preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant reasonably believed that the person with whom the defendant engaged in the commercial sex act had attained the age of 18 years.” .

14. 2006

    Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006

    Pub. L. 109–248 title II § 204 · 120 Stat. 587

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(a)

    Pub. L. 109–248 substituted “10 years or for life” for “5 years and not more than 30 years”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–248 substituted “10 years or for life” for “5 years and not more than 30 years”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 204. PENALTIES FOR CONDUCT RELATING TO CHILD PROSTITUTION.   Section 2423(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “5 years and not more than 30 years” and inserting “10 years or for life”.

15. 2013

    Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act of 2013

    Pub. L. 113–4 title XII § 1211(b) · 127 Stat. 54

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(c)

    Pub. L. 113–4 inserted “or resides, either temporarily or permanently, in a foreign country” after “commerce”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 113–4 inserted “or resides, either temporarily or permanently, in a foreign country” after “commerce”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Engaging in Illicit Sexual Conduct in Foreign Places.— Section 2423(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting “or resides, either temporarily or permanently, in a foreign country” after “commerce”.

16. 2015

    Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–22 § 111(a) · 129 Stat. 227

    1. Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(f)

       Pub. L. 114–22, § 111(a), inserted a dash after “means”

    2. Amended · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(f)

       Pub. L. 114–22, § 111(a), designated existing provisions containing designations (1) and (2) as pars. (1) and (2)

    3. Added · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(f)

       Pub. L. 114–22, § 111(a), added par. (3)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 114–22, § 111(a), inserted a dash after “means”, designated existing provisions containing designations (1) and (2) as pars. (1) and (2), and added par. (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Clarifying That Child Pornography Producers Are Human Traffickers.— Section 2423(f) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking “means (1) a” and inserting the following: “means— “(1) a” ; (2) by striking “United States; or (2) any” and inserting the following: “United States; “(2) any” ; and (3) by striking the period at the end and inserting the following: “; or “(3) production of child pornography (as defined in section 2256(8)).” .

17. 2015

    Justice for Victims of Trafficking Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–22 § 111(b) · 129 Stat. 227

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(g)

    Pub. L. 114–22, § 111(b), substituted “clear and convincing evidence” for “a preponderance of the evidence”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 114–22, § 111(b), substituted “clear and convincing evidence” for “a preponderance of the evidence”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Holding Sex Traffickers Accountable.— Section 2423(g) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “a preponderance of the evidence” and inserting “clear and convincing evidence”.

18. 2018

    Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017

    Pub. L. 115–392 § 14(1) · 132 Stat. 5250

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)

    Pub. L. 115–392, § 14(1), substituted “with a motivating purpose” for “for the purpose”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–392, § 14(1), substituted “with a motivating purpose” for “for the purpose”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subsection (b), by striking “for the purpose” and inserting “with a motivating purpose”; and

19. 2018

    Abolish Human Trafficking Act of 2017

    Pub. L. 115–392 § 14(2) · 132 Stat. 5250

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(d)

    Pub. L. 115–392, § 14(2), substituted “with a motivating purpose of engaging” for “for the purpose of engaging”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 115–392, § 14(2), substituted “with a motivating purpose of engaging” for “for the purpose of engaging”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in subsection (d), by striking “for the purpose of engaging” and inserting “with a motivating purpose of engaging”.

20. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(1) · 137 Stat. 136

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(b)

    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(1), substituted “with intent to engage in any illicit sexual conduct with another person” for “with a motivating purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct with another person”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(1), substituted “with intent to engage in any illicit sexual conduct with another person” for “with a motivating purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct with another person”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subsection (b), by striking “with a motivating purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct with another person” and inserting “with intent to engage in any illicit sexual conduct with another person”;

21. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(d)(1) · 137 Stat. 136

    Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(d)

    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(d)(1), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(d)(1), added subsec. (d). Former subsec. (d) redesignated (e).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by inserting after subsection (c) the following: “(d) Illicit Sexual Conduct in Connection With Certain Organizations.— Any citizen of the United States or alien admitted for permanent residence who— “(1) is an officer, director, employee, or agent of an organization that affects interstate or foreign commerce; “(2) makes use of the mails or any means or instrumentality of interstate or foreign commerce through the connection or affiliation of the person with such organization; and “(3) commits an act in furtherance of illicit sexual conduct through the connection or affiliation of the person with such organization, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned for not more than 30 years, or both.” ;

22. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(3) · 137 Stat. 136

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(e)

    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(3), which directed substitution of “with intent to engage in any illicit sexual conduct” for “with a motivating purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct”, was executed by making the substitution for “with a motivating purpose of engaging in illicit sexual conduct” to reflect the probable intent of Congress

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(3), which directed substitution of “with intent to engage in any illicit sexual conduct” for “with a motivating purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct”, was executed by making the substitution for “with a motivating purpose of engaging in illicit sexual conduct” to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) in subsection (e), as so redesignated, by striking “with a motivating purpose of engaging in any illicit sexual conduct” and inserting “with intent to engage in any illicit sexual conduct”; and

23. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(2) · 137 Stat. 136

    Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(e)

    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f)

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (d) as (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g) as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;

24. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(2) · 137 Stat. 136

    1. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(f)

       Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), (d)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f)

    2. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(f)

       Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), (d)(2), substituted “(d), or (e)” for “or (d)”. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), (d)(2), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f) and substituted “(d), or (e)” for “or (d)”. Former subsec. (f) redesignated (g).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g) as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;

25. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(2) · 137 Stat. 136

    Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(g)

    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (i)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g). Former subsec. (g) redesignated (i).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g) as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;

26. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(4) · 137 Stat. 136

    Added · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(h)

    Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(4), added subsec. (h)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(4), added subsec. (h).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) by inserting after subsection (g), as so redesignated, the following: “(h) Rule of Construction.— As used in this section, the term ‘intent’ shall be construed as any intention to engage in prostitution, sexual activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, or illicit sexual conduct, as applicable, at the time of the transportation or travel.” .

27. 2023

    Preventing Child Sex Abuse Act of 2023

    Pub. L. 118–31 § 5102(c)(2) · 137 Stat. 136

    1. Redesignated · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(i)

       Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), (d)(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (i)

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 2423(i)

       Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), (d)(3), substituted “(g)(2)” for “(f)(2)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 118–31, § 5102(c)(2), (d)(3), redesignated subsec. (g) as (i) and substituted “(g)(2)” for “(f)(2)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating subsections (d), (e), (f), and (g) as subsections (e), (f), (g), and (i), respectively;

39 of 40 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial