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Title 20 — Education

Chapter 3 — Smithsonian Institution, National Museums and Art Galleries

§ 77. National Air and Space Museum

Statutory text

(a)

Establishment; board; administration; reimbursement of expenses

There is hereby established under the Smithsonian Institution a bureau to be known as a National Air and Space Museum, which shall be administered by the Smithsonian Institution with the advice of a board to be composed of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or his designee, the Chief of Space Operations, or the Chief’s designee, the Chief of Naval Operations, or his designee, the Chief of Staff of the Army, or his designee, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, or his designee, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, or his designee, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or his designee, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, or his designee, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and three citizens of the United States appointed by the President from civilian life who shall serve at the pleasure of the President. The members of the board shall serve as such members without compensation but shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties as members of the board.

(b)

Appointment and compensation of head of museum

The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, with the advice of the board, may appoint and fix the compensation and duties of the head of a national air and space museum whose appointment shall not be subject to the civil service laws.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 79–955 § 1 · 60 Stat. 997

    Enacted · 20 U.S.C. § 77

    Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, § 1, 60 Stat. 997

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, § 1, 60 Stat. 997

  2. the National Air Museum Amendments Act of 1965

    Pub. L. 89–509 § 2 · 80 Stat. 310

    Changed · 20 U.S.C. § 77(a)

    Pub. L. 89–509, § 2, changed the name of the museum from the National Air Museum to the National Air and Space Museum, expanded the advisory board to include additional members including the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency, and an additional member appointed from civilian life to serve at the pleasure of the President, and provided for reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties as members of the Board

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–509, § 2, changed the name of the museum from the National Air Museum to the National Air and Space Museum, expanded the advisory board to include additional members including the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency, and an additional member appointed from civilian life to serve at the pleasure of the President, and provided for reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties as members of the Board.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 2. Section 1(a) of Public Law 722 of the Seventy-ninth Congress (60 Stat. 997) is amended to read as follows: “(a) There is hereby established under the Smithsonian Institution a bureau to be known as a National Air and Space Museum, which shall be administered by the Smithsonian Institution with the advice of a board to be composed of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or his designee, the Chief of Naval Operations, or his designee, the Chief of Staff of the Army, or his designee, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, or his designee, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, or his designee, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, or his designee, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency, or his designee, the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, and three citizens of the United States appointed by the President from civilian life who shall serve at the pleasure of the President. The members of the board shall serve as such members without compensation but shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties as members of the board.”

  3. the National Air Museum Amendments Act of 1965

    Pub. L. 89–509 § 3 · 80 Stat. 310

    1. Substituted · 20 U.S.C. § 77(b)

      Pub. L. 89–509, § 3, substituted “national air and space museum” for “national air museum”

    2. Struck · 20 U.S.C. § 77(b)

      Pub. L. 89–509, § 3, struck out provision that the salary of the head of the museum shall not be subject to the Classification Act of 1923, as amended

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–509, § 3, substituted “national air and space museum” for “national air museum” and struck out provision that the salary of the head of the museum shall not be subject to the Classification Act of 1923, as amended.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 3. The first sentence of section 1(b) of Public Law 722 of the Seventy-ninth Congress is amended by— (1) inserting “and space” immediately following “national air” and before “museum”; and (2) deleting “and salary” and “or the Classification Act of 1923, as amended” so as to read as follows: “(b) The Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, with the advice of the board, may appoint and fix the compensation and duties of the head of a national air and space museum whose appointment shall not be subject to the civil service laws.”

  4. William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021

    Pub. L. 116–283 div. A title IX § 927(g) · 134 Stat. 3388

    Inserted · 20 U.S.C. § 77(a)

    Pub. L. 116–283, which directed amendment of subsec. (a) of section 1 of the Act of August 12, 1946 (60 Stat. 997, chapter 995; 20 U.S.C. 77(a)) by inserting “the Chief of Space Operations, or the Chief’s designee,” after “the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or his designee,”, was executed to this section, which is section 1 of act of Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, to reflect the probable intent of Congress

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, which directed amendment of subsec. (a) of section 1 of the Act of August 12, 1946 (60 Stat. 997, chapter 995; 20 U.S.C. 77(a)) by inserting “the Chief of Space Operations, or the Chief’s designee,” after “the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or his designee,”, was executed to this section, which is section 1 of act of Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (g) Public Law 79–772; Board of National Air and Space Museum.— Section 1(a) of the Act of August 12, 1946 (60 Stat. 997, chapter 995; 20 U.S.C. 77(a)), is amended by inserting “the Chief of Space Operations, or the Chief’s designee,” after “the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or his designee,”.

4 of 5 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial

Editorial Notes

Amendments1966–2021 · 2 rounds

2021

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 116–283, which directed amendment of subsec. (a) of section 1 of the Act of August 12, 1946 (60 Stat. 997, chapter 995; 20 U.S.C. 77(a)) by inserting “the Chief of Space Operations, or the Chief’s designee,” after “the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or his designee,”, was executed to this section, which is section 1 of act of Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, to reflect the probable intent of Congress.

1966

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 89–509, § 2, changed the name of the museum from the National Air Museum to the National Air and Space Museum, expanded the advisory board to include additional members including the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, the Commandant of the Coast Guard, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Agency, and an additional member appointed from civilian life to serve at the pleasure of the President, and provided for reimbursement for travel, subsistence, and other necessary expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties as members of the Board.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89–509, § 3, substituted “national air and space museum” for “national air museum” and struck out provision that the salary of the head of the museum shall not be subject to the Classification Act of 1923, as amended.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Short Title of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–509, § 1, , 80 Stat. 310, provided: “That this Act [amending this section, sections 77a, 77c, and 77d of this title, and provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 77b and 77d of this title, and repealing section 77b of this title] may be cited as ‘the National Air Museum Amendments Act of 1965’.”

Transfer of Functions

For transfer of authorities, functions, personnel, and assets of the Coast Guard, including the authorities and functions of the Secretary of Transportation relating thereto, to the Department of Homeland Security, and for treatment of related references, see sections 468(b), 551(d), 552(d), and 557 of Title 6, Domestic Security, and the Department of Homeland Security Reorganization Plan of , as modified, set out as a note under section 542 of Title 6.

“Chief of Staff of the Air Force” substituted in subsec. (a) for “Commanding General of the Army Air Forces” pursuant to act July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, § 208(b), 61 Stat. 503, which transferred functions of Commanding General of the Army Air Forces to Chief of Staff, United States Air Force. Section 208(b) of act was repealed by section 53 of act Aug. 10, 1956, ch. 1041, 70A Stat. 641. See sections 8031 and 8034 of Title 10, Armed Forces.

“Federal Aviation Administration” substituted in subsec. (a) for “Federal Aviation Agency” pursuant to Pub. L. 89–670, §§ 3(e), 6(c)(1), , 80 Stat. 932, 938, which transferred all functions, powers, and duties of Federal Aviation Agency and of Administrator and other offices and officers thereof to Secretary of Transportation and established a Federal Aviation Administration in Department of Transportation. See section 106 of Title 49, Transportation.

Appropriations

Act Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, § 6, 60 Stat. 998, as amended by Pub. L. 89–509, pt. I, § 10, , 80 Stat. 311, provided that: “There is hereby authorized to be appropriated the sum of $50,000 for the purposes of this Act [this subchapter] and there are hereby authorized to be appropriated annually hereafter such sums as may be necessary to maintain and administer said national air and space museum including salaries and all other necessary expenses.”

Construction of Museum Center

Pub. L. 104–222, , 110 Stat. 3025, provided that:

“SECTION 1. CONSTRUCTION OF MUSEUM CENTER.

“The Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution is authorized to construct the Smithsonian Institution National Air and Space Museum Dulles Center at Washington Dulles International Airport.

“SEC. 2. LIMITATION ON USE OF FUNDS.

“No appropriated funds may be used to pay any expense of the construction authorized by section 1.”

Extension at Washington Dulles International Airport

Pub. L. 103–57, , 107 Stat. 279, provided that:

“SECTION 1. PLAN FOR NATIONAL AIR AND SPACE MUSEUM EXTENSION.

“The Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution shall have authority to plan and design an extension of the National Air and Space Museum at Washington Dulles International Airport.

“SEC. 2. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

“There is authorized to be appropriated for fiscal years beginning after , a total of $8,000,000 to carry out this Act.”

Ratification of Compensation Paid Head of Museum

Pub. L. 89–509, pt. I, § 11, , 80 Stat. 311, provided that: “Payments of compensation heretofore made to the head of the National Air Museum at rates fixed by the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution without regard to the Classification Act of 1949, as amended [chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees] are hereby ratified and affirmed.”

Credits

1946–2021 · 5 acts
  1. 1946Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, § 1, 60 Stat. 997
  2. 1947July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, § 208(b), 61 Stat. 503
  3. 1966Pub. L. 89–509, pt. I, §§ 2, 3, , 80 Stat. 310
  4. 1966Pub. L. 89–670, §§ 3(e), 6(c)(1), , 80 Stat. 932, 938
  5. 2021Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 927(g), , 134 Stat. 3832.
Show as published

(Aug. 12, 1946, ch. 955, § 1, 60 Stat. 997; July 26, 1947, ch. 343, title II, § 208(b), 61 Stat. 503; Pub. L. 89–509, pt. I, §§ 2, 3, , 80 Stat. 310; Pub. L. 89–670, §§ 3(e), 6(c)(1), , 80 Stat. 932, 938; Pub. L. 116–283, div. A, title IX, § 927(g), , 134 Stat. 3832.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc20.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-04-17

USLM identifier /us/usc/t20/s77