§ 2181. Policy

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1969

   Pub. L. 87–195 · 75 Stat. 424

   Enacted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

   Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 221, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 87–195, pt. I, § 221, as added Pub. L. 91–175, pt. I, § 105, Dec. 30, 1969, 83 Stat. 807

2. 1972

   Foreign Assistance Act of 1971

   Pub. L. 92–226 · 86 Stat. 20

   Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

   Pub. L. 92–226 substituted “$205,000,000” for “$130,000,000”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 92–226 substituted “$205,000,000” for “$130,000,000”.

3. 1973

   Foreign Assistance Act of 1973

   Pub. L. 93–189 § 5(1) · 87 Stat. 714

   Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

   Pub. L. 93–189 substituted “$305,000,000” for “$205,000,000”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 93–189 substituted “$305,000,000” for “$205,000,000”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) In section 221, strike out, “$205,000,000” and insert in lieu thereof 86 Stat. 22. 22 USC 2181. “$305,000,000”.

4. 1974

   Pub. L. 93–559 § 7(1) · 88 Stat. 1795

   Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

   Pub. L. 93–559 substituted “$355,000,000” for “$305,000,000”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 93–559 substituted “$355,000,000” for “$305,000,000”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) In section 221, strike out “$305,000,000” and insert in lieu 22 USC 2181. thereof “$355,000,000”.

5. 1975

   International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1975

   Pub. L. 94–161 title III § 311(3) · 89 Stat. 849

   Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

   Pub. L. 94–161 substituted “$430,000,000” for “$355,000,000”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 94–161 substituted “$430,000,000” for “$355,000,000”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) in section 221, by striking out “$355,000,000” and inserting 22 USC 2181. in lieu thereof “$430,000,000”;

6. 1977

   International Development and Food Assistance Act of 1977

   Pub. L. 95–88 title I § 117(a)(1) · 91 Stat. 533

   1. Struck · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

      Pub. L. 95–88 struck out provisions that the total face amount of guaranties issued under this section outstanding at any one time not exceed $430,000,000

   2. Added · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

      Pub. L. 95–88 added section 2182(c) of this title to the enumeration of sections setting out the conditions under which guaranties shall be issued

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 95–88 struck out provisions that the total face amount of guaranties issued under this section outstanding at any one time not exceed $430,000,000 and added section 2182(c) of this title to the enumeration of sections setting out the conditions under which guaranties shall be issued.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) Section 221 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended— (A) by striking out the second sentence; and (B) in the last sentence, by inserting “, section 222(c),” immediately after “222(b)”.

7. 1978

   Pub. L. 95–424 title I § 115(a) · 92 Stat. 937

   Changed · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

   Pub. L. 95–424 generally revised the statement of policy to clarify that in developing countries, financing, materials and labor for most housing must be obtained from local sources, while United States capital and technical expertise can increase the availability of housing and related services for low-income people by demonstrating financial viability of credit systems for low-cost housing

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 95–424 generally revised the statement of policy to clarify that in developing countries, financing, materials and labor for most housing must be obtained from local sources, while United States capital and technical expertise can increase the availability of housing and related services for low-income people by demonstrating financial viability of credit systems for low-cost housing.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Sections 221 and 222 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 are amended to read as follows: “Sec. 221. Housing Guaranties.— The Congress recognizes that 22 USC 2181. shelter requirements are among the most fundamental of human needs. Shelter for most people in the developing countries consists largely of domestic materials assembled by local labor. While recognizing that most financing for such housing must come from domestic resources, the Congress finds that carefully designed programs involving United States capital and expertise can increase the availability of domestic financing for improved housing and related services for low-income people by demonstrating to local entrepreneurs and institutions that providing low-cost housing can be financially viable. The Congress reaffirms, therefore, that the United States should continue to assist developing countries in marshalling resources for low-cost housing. Particular attention should be given to programs which will support pilot projects for low-cost shelter or which will have a maximum demonstration impact on local institutions and national policy. The Congress declares that the long run goal of all such programs should be to develop domestic construction capabilities and to stimulate local credit institutions to make available domestic capital and other management and technological resources required for effective low-cost shelter programs and policies. “Sec. 222. Authorization.— (a) To carry out the policy of section 22 USC 2182. 221, the President is authorized to issue guaranties to eligible investors (as defined in section 238(c)) assuring against losses incurred in connection 22 USC 2198. with loans made for projects meeting the criteria set forth in section 221, The total principal amount of guaranties issued under this Ante, p. 950. title or heretofore issued under prior housing guaranty authorities, which are outstanding at any one time, shall not exceed $1,180,000,000. The authority of this section shall continue until September 30, 1980. The President may issue regulations from time to time with regard to Regulations. the terms and conditions upon which such guaranties shall be issued and the eligibility of lenders. “(b) Activities carried out under this section shall emphasize— “(1) projects which provide improved home sites to poor families on which to build shelter, and related services; “(2) projects comprised of expandable core shelter units on serviced sites; “(3) slum upgrading projects designed to conserve and improve existing shelter; “(4) shelter projects for low income people designed for demonstration or institution building purposes; and “(5) community facilities and services in support of projects authorized under this section to improve the shelter occupied by the poor. “(c) In issuing guaranties under this section with respect to projects Solar energy technologies. in a country which require the use or conservation of energy, the President shall give consideration to the use of solar energy technologies, where such technologies are economically and technically feasible. Technologies which may be used include solar hot water systems, solar heating and cooling, passive solar heating, biomass conversion, photovoltaic and wind applications, and community-scale solar thermal applications.”.

   Effective date note
   Amendment by Pub. L. 95–424 effective Oct. 1, 1978, see section 605 of Pub. L. 95–424, set out as a note under section 2151 of this title.

8. 1984

   Pub. L. 98–473 title I § 101(1)(tV)(s541)(a) · 98 Stat. 1837

   1. Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

      Pub. L. 98–473 substituted “, including essential urban development services, is” for “requirements are” wherever appearing

   2. Substituted · 22 U.S.C. § 2181

      Pub. L. 98–473 substituted “shelter” for “housing” wherever appearing

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 98–473 substituted “, including essential urban development services, is” for “requirements are” after “The Congress recognizes that shelter” and, in the remainder of the section substituted “shelter” for “housing” wherever appearing.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) On Outer Continental Shelf protraction diagram NJ 19–1; blocks 36, 37, 38, 42–44, 80–82, 86–88, 124, 125, 130–132, 168, 169, 174–176, 212, 213.

8 of 10 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 2 partial