§ 148. Highway safety improvement program

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1973

   Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1973

   Pub. L. 93–87 title I § 129(b) · 87 Stat. 250

   Enacted · 23 U.S.C. § 148

   Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, § 129(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 265

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 93–87, title I, § 129(b), Aug. 13, 1973, 87 Stat. 265

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   “(b) Chapter 1 of title 23 of the United States Code is amended by Ante, p. 263. inserting at the end thereof a new section as follows: “§ 148. Development of a national scenic and recreational highway “(a) As soon as possible after the date of enactment of this section, Great River Road. the Secretary shall establish criteria for the location and construction or reconstruction of the Great River Road by the ten States bordering the Mississippi River. Such criteria shall include requirements that— “(1) priority be given in the location of the Great River Road near or easily accessible to the larger population centers of the State and further priority be given to the construction and improvement of the Great River Road in the proximity of the confluence of the Mississippi River and the Wisconsin River; “(2) the Great River Road be connected with other Federal-aid highways and preferably with the Interstate System; “(3) the Great River Road be marked with uniform identifying signs; “(4) effective control, as defined in section 131 of this title, of 79 Stat. 1028. 23 USC 131. signs, displays, and devices will be provided along the Great River Road; “(5) the provisions of section 129(a) of this title shall not apply 72 Stat. 902. 23 USC 129. to any bridge or tunnel on the Great River Road and no fees shall be charged for the use of any facility constructed with assistance under this section. “(b) For the purpose of this section, the. term ‘construction’ includes “Construction.” the acquisition of areas of historical, archeological, or scientific interest, necessary easements for scenic purposes, and the construction or reconstruction of roadside rest areas (including appropriate recreational facilities), scenic viewing areas, and other appropriate facilities as determined by the Secretary. “(c) Highways constructed or reconstructed pursuant to this section (except subsection (f)) shall be part of the Federal-aid system. Post, p. 266. Apportionment. “(d) Funds appropriated for each fiscal year pursuant to subsection (g) shall be apportioned among the ten States bordering the Mississippi River on the basis of their relative needs as determined by the Secretary for payments to carry out this section. “(e) The Federal share of the cost of any project for any construction or reconstruction pursuant to the preceding subsections of this 72 Stat. 898. 23 USC 120. section shall be that provided in section 120 of this title for the Federal-aid system on which such project is located, and if such project is not on such a system, such share shall be 70 per centum of such cost. “(f) The Secretary is authorized to consult with the heads of other Federal departments and agencies having jurisdiction over Federal lands open to the public in order to enter into appropriate arrangements for necessary construction of reconstruction of highways on such lands to carry out this section. Highways constructed or reconstructed by a State pursuant to this section which are not on a Federal-aid system, and highways constructed or reconstructed under this subsection, shall be subject to the criteria applicable to highways constructed or reconstructed pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. Funds authorized pursuant to subsection (g) shall be used to pay the entire cost of construction or reconstruction pursuant to the first sentence of this subsection. “(g) There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section, out of the Highway Trust Fund, for construction or reconstruction of roads on a Federal-aid highway system, not to exceed $10,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1974, $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, and $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1976, for allocations to the States pursuant to this section, and there is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, not to exceed $10,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending June 30, 1974, June 30, 1975, and June 30, 1976, for construction and reconstruction of roads not on a Federal-aid highway system.”

2. 1978

   Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–599 § 125(b) · 92 Stat. 2689

   Inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(5)

   Pub. L. 95–599, § 125(b), inserted provision authorizing charging of a fee in certain cases to cover operational costs

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(5). Pub. L. 95–599, § 125(b), inserted provision authorizing charging of a fee in certain cases to cover operational costs.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Section 148(a)(5) of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “(5) the provisions of section 129(a) of this title shall not apply to any bridge or tunnel on the Great River Road and no fees shall be charged for the use of any facility constructed with assistance under this section, except for parks, recreational areas, and historical sites operated by State or local governments where admission fees may be charged to cover operational costs.”.

3. 1978

   Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–599 § 129(d) · 92 Stat. 2689

   Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(e)

   Pub. L. 95–599, § 129(d), substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 95–599, § 129(d), substituted “75 per centum” for “70 per centum”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (d) Subsection (e) of section 148 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking out “70 per centum” and inserting in lieu thereof “75 per centum”.

4. 1978

   Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1978

   Pub. L. 95–599 § 125(a) · 92 Stat. 2689

   Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(h)

   Pub. L. 95–599, § 125(a), added subsec. (h)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (h). Pub. L. 95–599, § 125(a), added subsec. (h).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Section 148 of title 23, United States Code, is amended Construction authorization. by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: “(h) The Secretary is authorized to provide for the construction of such spur highways as he determines necessary to connect the Great River Road, by the most direct feasible routes, with existing bridges across the Mississippi for the purpose of providing persons traveling such road with access to significant scenic, historical, recreational, or archeological features on the opposite side of the Mississippi River from the Great River Road.”.

5. 2005

   Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users

   Pub. L. 109–59 title I § 1401(a)(1) · 119 Stat. 1144

   1. Amended · 23 U.S.C. § 148

      Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally

   2. Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148

      Pub. L. 109–59 substituting provisions relating to a highway safety improvement program for provisions relating to development of the Great River Road, a national scenic and recreational highway

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 109–59 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting provisions relating to a highway safety improvement program for provisions relating to development of the Great River Road, a national scenic and recreational highway.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) In general.— Section 148 of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 148. Highway safety improvement program “(a) Definitions.— In this section, the following definitions apply: “(1) High risk rural road.— The term ‘high risk rural road’ means any roadway functionally classified as a rural major or minor collector or a rural local road— “(A) on which the accident rate for fatalities and incapacitating injuries exceeds the statewide average for those functional classes of roadway; or “(B) that will likely have increases in traffic volume that are likely to create an accident rate for fatalities and incapacitating injuries that exceeds the statewide average for those functional classes of roadway. “(2) Highway safety improvement program.— The term ‘highway safety improvement program’ means the program carried out under this section. “(3) Highway safety improvement project.— “(A) In general.— The term ‘highway safety improvement project’ means a project described in the State strategic highway safety plan that— “(i) corrects or improves a hazardous road location or feature; or “(ii) addresses a highway safety problem. “(B) Inclusions.— The term ‘highway safety improvement project’ includes a project for one or more of the following: “(i) An intersection safety improvement. “(ii) Pavement and shoulder widening (including addition of a passing lane to remedy an unsafe condition). “(iii) Installation of rumble strips or another warning device, if the rumble strips or other warning devices do not adversely affect the safety or mobility of bicyclists, pedestrians, and the disabled. “(iv) Installation of a skid-resistant surface at an intersection or other location with a high frequency of accidents. “(v) An improvement for pedestrian or bicyclist safety or safety of the disabled. “(vi) Construction of any project for the elimination of hazards at a railway-highway crossing that is eligible for funding under section 130, including the separation or protection of grades at railway-highway crossings. “(vii) Construction of a railway-highway crossing safety feature, including installation of protective devices. “(viii) The conduct of a model traffic enforcement activity at a railway-highway crossing. “(ix) Construction of a traffic calming feature. “(x) Elimination of a roadside obstacle. “(xi) Improvement of highway signage and pavement markings. “(xii) Installation of a priority control system for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections. “(xiii) Installation of a traffic control or other warning device at a location with high accident potential. “(xiv) Safety-conscious planning. “(xv) Improvement in the collection and analysis of crash data. “(xvi) Planning integrated interoperable emergency communications equipment, operational activities, or traffic enforcement activities (including police assistance) relating to workzone safety. “(xvii) Installation of guardrails, barriers (including barriers between construction work zones and traffic lanes for the safety of motorists and workers), and crash attenuators. “(xviii) The addition or retrofitting of structures or other measures to eliminate or reduce accidents involving vehicles and wildlife. “(xix) Installation and maintenance of signs (including fluorescent, yellow-green signs) at pedestrian-bicycle crossings and in school zones. “(xx) Construction and yellow-green signs at pedestrian-bicycle crossings and in school zones. “(xxi) Construction and operational improvements on high risk rural roads. “(4) Safety project under any other section.— “(A) In general.— The term ‘safety project under any other section’ means a project carried out for the purpose of safety under any other section of this title. “(B) Inclusion.— The term ‘safety project under any other section’ includes a project to promote the awareness of the public and educate the public concerning highway safety matters (including motorcyclist safety) and a project to enforce highway safety laws. “(5) State highway safety improvement program.— The term ‘State highway safety improvement program’ means projects or strategies included in the State strategic highway safety plan carried out as part of the State transportation improvement program under section 135(g). “(6) State strategic highway safety plan.— The term ‘State strategic highway safety plan’ means a plan developed by the State transportation department that— “(A) is developed after consultation with— “(i) a highway safety representative of the Governor of the State; “(ii) regional transportation planning organizations and metropolitan planning organizations, if any; “(iii) representatives of major modes of transportation; “(iv) State and local traffic enforcement officials; “(v) persons responsible for administering section 130 at the State level; “(vi) representatives conducting Operation Lifesaver; “(vii) representatives conducting a motor carrier safety program under section 31102, 31106, or 31309 of title 49; “(viii) motor vehicle administration agencies; and “(ix) other major State and local safety stakeholders; “(B) analyzes and makes effective use of State, regional, or local crash data; “(C) addresses engineering, management, operation, education, enforcement, and emergency services elements (including integrated, interoperable emergency communications) of highway safety as key factors in evaluating highway projects; “(D) considers safety needs of, and high-fatality segments of, public roads; “(E) considers the results of State, regional, or local transportation and highway safety planning processes; “(F) describes a program of projects or strategies to reduce or eliminate safety hazards; “(G) is approved by the Governor of the State or a responsible State agency; and “(H) is consistent with the requirements of section 135(g). “(b) Program.— “(1) In general.— The Secretary shall carry out a highway safety improvement program. “(2) Purpose.— The purpose of the highway safety improvement program shall be to achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on public roads. “(c) Eligibility.— “(1) In general.— To obligate funds apportioned under section 104(b)(5) to carry out this section, a State shall have in effect a State highway safety improvement program under which the State— “(A) develops and implements a State strategic highway safety plan that identifies and analyzes highway safety problems and opportunities as provided in paragraph (2); “(B) produces a program of projects or strategies to reduce identified safety problems; “(C) evaluates the plan on a regular basis to ensure the accuracy of the data and priority of proposed improvements; and “(D) Reports. submits to the Secretary an annual report that— “(i) describes, in a clearly understandable fashion, not less than 5 percent of locations determined by the State, using criteria established in accordance with paragraph (2)(B)(ii), as exhibiting the most severe safety needs; and “(ii) contains an assessment of— “(I) potential remedies to hazardous locations identified; “(II) estimated costs associated with those remedies; and “(III) impediments to implementation other than cost associated with those remedies. “(2) Identification and analysis of highway safety problems and opportunities.— As part of the State strategic highway safety plan, a State shall— “(A) have in place a crash data system with the ability to perform safety problem identification and countermeasure analysis; “(B) based on the analysis required by subparagraph (A)— “(i) identify hazardous locations, sections, and elements (including roadside obstacles, railway-highway crossing needs, and unmarked or poorly marked roads) that constitute a danger to motorists (including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians, and other highway users; and “(ii) using such criteria as the State determines to be appropriate, establish the relative severity of those locations, in terms of accidents, injuries, deaths, traffic volume levels, and other relevant data; “(C) adopt strategic and performance-based goals that— “(i) address traffic safety, including behavioral and infrastructure problems and opportunities on all public roads; “(ii) focus resources on areas of greatest need; and “(iii) are coordinated with other State highway safety programs; “(D) advance the capabilities of the State for traffic records data collection, analysis, and integration with other sources of safety data (such as road inventories) in a manner that— “(i) complements the State highway safety program under chapter 4 and the commercial vehicle safety plan under section 31102 of title 49; “(ii) includes all public roads; “(iii) identifies hazardous locations, sections, and elements on public roads that constitute a danger to motorists (including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians, the disabled, and other highway users; and “(iv) includes a means of identifying the relative severity of hazardous locations described in clause (iii) in terms of accidents, injuries, deaths, and traffic volume levels; “(E) (i) determine priorities for the correction of hazardous road locations, sections, and elements (including railway-highway crossing improvements), as identified through crash data analysis; “(ii) identify opportunities for preventing the development of such hazardous conditions; and “(iii) establish and implement a schedule of highway safety improvement projects for hazard correction and hazard prevention; and “(F) (i) establish an evaluation process to analyze and assess results achieved by highway safety improvement projects carried out in accordance with procedures and criteria established by this section; and “(ii) use the information obtained under clause (i) in setting priorities for highway safety improvement projects. “(d) Eligible Projects.— “(1) In general.— A State may obligate funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(5) to carry out— “(A) any highway safety improvement project on any public road or publicly owned bicycle or pedestrian pathway or trail; or “(B) as provided in subsection (e), other safety projects. “(2) Use of other funding for safety.— “(A) Effect of section.— Nothing in this section prohibits the use of funds made available under other provisions of this title for highway safety improvement projects. “(B) Use of other funds.— States are encouraged to address the full scope of their safety needs and opportunities by using funds made available under other provisions of this title (except a provision that specifically prohibits that use). “(e) Flexible Funding for States With a Strategic Highway Safety Plan.— “(1) In general.— To further the implementation of a State strategic highway safety plan, a State may use up to 10 percent of the amount of funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(5) for a fiscal year to carry out safety projects under any other section as provided in the State strategic highway safety plan if the State certifies that— “(A) the State has met needs in the State relating to railway-highway crossings; and “(B) the State has met the State’s infrastructure safety needs relating to highway safety improvement projects. “(2) Other transportation and highway safety plans.— Nothing in this subsection requires a State to revise any State process, plan, or program in effect on the date of enactment of this section. “(f) High Risk Rural Roads.— “(1) In general.— After making an apportionment under section 104(b)(5) for a fiscal year beginning after September 30, 2005, the Secretary shall ensure, from amounts made available to carry out this section for such fiscal year, that a total of $90,000,000 of such apportionment is set aside by the States, proportionally according to the share of each State of the total amount so apportioned, for use only for construction and operational improvements on high risk rural roads. “(2) Special rule.— A State may use funds apportioned to the State pursuant to this subsection for any project under this section if the State certifies to the Secretary that the State has met all of State needs for construction and operational improvements on high risk rural roads. “(g) Reports.— “(1) In general.— A State shall submit to the Secretary a report that— “(A) describes progress being made to implement highway safety improvement projects under this section; “(B) assesses the effectiveness of those improvements; and “(C) describes the extent to which the improvements funded under this section contribute to the goals of— “(i) reducing the number of fatalities on roadways; “(ii) reducing the number of roadway-related injuries; “(iii) reducing the occurrences of roadway-related crashes; “(iv) mitigating the consequences of roadway-related crashes; and “(v) reducing the occurrences of crashes at railway-highway crossings. “(2) Contents; schedule.— The Secretary shall establish the content and schedule for a report under paragraph (1). “(3) Transparency.— The Secretary shall make reports submitted under subsection (c)(1)(D) available to the public through— “(A) the Web site of the Department; and “(B) such other means as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. “(4) Discovery and admission into evidence of certain reports, surveys, and information.— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data compiled or collected for any purpose directly relating to paragraph (1) or subsection (c)(1)(D), or published by the Secretary in accordance with paragraph (3), shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in such reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or other data. “(h) Federal Share of Highway Safety Improvement Projects.— Except as provided in sections 120 and 130, the Federal share of the cost of a highway safety improvement project carried out with funds apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(5) shall be 90 percent.” .

6. 2012

   Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act

   Pub. L. 112–141 div. A title I § 1112(a) · 126 Stat. 405

   Amended · 23 U.S.C. § 148

   Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to highway safety improvement program and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (h)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 112–141 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to highway safety improvement program and consisted of subsecs. (a) to (h).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) In General.— Section 148 of title 23, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§ 148. Highway safety improvement program “(a) Definitions.— In this section, the following definitions apply: “(1) High risk rural road.— The term ‘high risk rural road’ means any roadway functionally classified as a rural major or minor collector or a rural local road with significant safety risks, as defined by a State in accordance with an updated State strategic highway safety plan. “(2) Highway basemap.— The term ‘highway basemap’ means a representation of all public roads that can be used to geolocate attribute data on a roadway. “(3) Highway safety improvement program.— The term ‘highway safety improvement program’ means projects, activities, plans, and reports carried out under this section. “(4) Highway safety improvement project.— “(A) In general.— The term ‘highway safety improvement project’ means strategies, activities, and projects on a public road that are consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan and— “(i) correct or improve a hazardous road location or feature; or “(ii) address a highway safety problem. “(B) Inclusions.— The term ‘highway safety improvement project’ includes, but is not limited to, a project for 1 or more of the following: “(i) An intersection safety improvement. “(ii) Pavement and shoulder widening (including addition of a passing lane to remedy an unsafe condition). “(iii) Installation of rumble strips or another warning device, if the rumble strips or other warning devices do not adversely affect the safety or mobility of bicyclists and pedestrians, including persons with disabilities. “(iv) Installation of a skid-resistant surface at an intersection or other location with a high frequency of crashes. “(v) An improvement for pedestrian or bicyclist safety or safety of persons with disabilities. “(vi) Construction and improvement of a railway-highway grade crossing safety feature, including installation of protective devices. “(vii) The conduct of a model traffic enforcement activity at a railway-highway crossing. “(viii) Construction of a traffic calming feature. “(ix) Elimination of a roadside hazard. “(x) Installation, replacement, and other improvement of highway signage and pavement markings, or a project to maintain minimum levels of retroreflectivity, that addresses a highway safety problem consistent with a State strategic highway safety plan. “(xi) Installation of a priority control system for emergency vehicles at signalized intersections. “(xii) Installation of a traffic control or other warning device at a location with high crash potential. “(xiii) Transportation safety planning. “(xiv) Collection, analysis, and improvement of safety data. “(xv) Planning integrated interoperable emergency communications equipment, operational activities, or traffic enforcement activities (including police assistance) relating to work zone safety. “(xvi) Installation of guardrails, barriers (including barriers between construction work zones and traffic lanes for the safety of road users and workers), and crash attenuators. “(xvii) The addition or retrofitting of structures or other measures to eliminate or reduce crashes involving vehicles and wildlife. “(xviii) Installation of yellow-green signs and signals at pedestrian and bicycle crossings and in school zones. “(xix) Construction and operational improvements on high risk rural roads. “(xx) Geometric improvements to a road for safety purposes that improve safety. “(xxi) A road safety audit. “(xxii) Roadway safety infrastructure improvements consistent with the recommendations included in the publication of the Federal Highway Administration entitled ‘Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians’ (FHWA–RD–01–103), dated May 2001 or as subsequently revised and updated. “(xxiii) Truck parking facilities eligible for funding under section 1401 of the MAP–21. “(xxiv) Systemic safety improvements. “(5) Model inventory of roadway elements.— The term ‘model inventory of roadway elements’ means the listing and standardized coding by the Federal Highway Administration of roadway and traffic data elements critical to safety management, analysis, and decisionmaking. “(6) Project to maintain minimum levels of retroreflectivity.— The term ‘project to maintain minimum levels of retroreflectivity’ means a project that is designed to maintain a highway sign or pavement marking retroreflectivity at or above the minimum levels prescribed in Federal or State regulations. “(7) Road safety audit.— The term ‘road safety audit’ means a formal safety performance examination of an existing or future road or intersection by an independent multidisciplinary audit team. “(8) Road users.— The term ‘road user’ means a motorist, passenger, public transportation operator or user, truck driver, bicyclist, motorcyclist, or pedestrian, including a person with disabilities. “(9) Safety data.— “(A) In general.— The term ‘safety data’ means crash, roadway, and traffic data on a public road. “(B) Inclusion.— The term ‘safety data’ includes, in the case of a railway-highway grade crossing, the characteristics of highway and train traffic, licensing, and vehicle data. “(10) Safety project under any other section.— “(A) In general.— The term ‘safety project under any other section’ means a project carried out for the purpose of safety under any other section of this title. “(B) Inclusion.— The term ‘safety project under any other section’ includes— “(i) a project consistent with the State strategic highway safety plan that promotes the awareness of the public and educates the public concerning highway safety matters (including motorcycle safety); “(ii) a project to enforce highway safety laws; and “(iii) a project to provide infrastructure and infrastructure-related equipment to support emergency services. “(11) State highway safety improvement program.— The term ‘State highway safety improvement program’ means a program of highway safety improvement projects, activities, plans and reports carried out as part of the Statewide transportation improvement program under section 135(g). “(12) State strategic highway safety plan.— The term ‘State strategic highway safety plan’ means a comprehensive plan, based on safety data, developed by a State transportation department that— “(A) is developed after consultation with— “(i) a highway safety representative of the Governor of the State; “(ii) regional transportation planning organizations and metropolitan planning organizations, if any; “(iii) representatives of major modes of transportation; “(iv) State and local traffic enforcement officials; “(v) a highway-rail grade crossing safety representative of the Governor of the State; “(vi) representatives conducting a motor carrier safety program under section 31102, 31106, or 31309 of title 49; “(vii) motor vehicle administration agencies; “(viii) county transportation officials; “(ix) State representatives of nonmotorized users; and “(x) other major Federal, State, tribal, and local safety stakeholders; “(B) analyzes and makes effective use of State, regional, local, or tribal safety data; “(C) addresses engineering, management, operation, education, enforcement, and emergency services elements (including integrated, interoperable emergency communications) of highway safety as key factors in evaluating highway projects; “(D) considers safety needs of, and high-fatality segments of, all public roads, including non-State-owned public roads and roads on tribal land; “(E) considers the results of State, regional, or local transportation and highway safety planning processes; “(F) describes a program of strategies to reduce or eliminate safety hazards; “(G) is approved by the Governor of the State or a responsible State agency; “(H) is consistent with section 135(g); and “(I) is updated and submitted to the Secretary for approval as required under subsection (d)(2). “(13) Systemic safety improvement.— The term ‘systemic safety improvement’ means an improvement that is widely implemented based on high-risk roadway features that are correlated with particular crash types, rather than crash frequency. “(b) Program.— “(1) In general.— The Secretary shall carry out a highway safety improvement program. “(2) Purpose.— The purpose of the highway safety improvement program shall be to achieve a significant reduction in traffic fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads, including non-State-owned public roads and roads on tribal land. “(c) Eligibility.— “(1) In general.— To obligate funds apportioned under section 104(b)(3) to carry out this section, a State shall have in effect a State highway safety improvement program under which the State— “(A) Strategic plan. develops, implements, and updates a State strategic highway safety plan that identifies and analyzes highway safety problems and opportunities as provided in subsections (a)(12) and (d); “(B) produces a program of projects or strategies to reduce identified safety problems; and “(C) Evaluation. evaluates the strategic highway safety plan on a regularly recurring basis in accordance with subsection (d)(1) to ensure the accuracy of the data and priority of proposed strategies. “(2) Identification and analysis of highway safety problems and opportunities.— As part of the State highway safety improvement program, a State shall— “(A) have in place a safety data system with the ability to perform safety problem identification and countermeasure analysis— “(i) to improve the timeliness, accuracy, completeness, uniformity, integration, and accessibility of the safety data on all public roads, including non-State-owned public roads and roads on tribal land in the State; “(ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of data improvement efforts; “(iii) to link State data systems, including traffic records, with other data systems within the State; “(iv) to improve the compatibility and interoperability of safety data with other State transportation-related data systems and the compatibility and interoperability of State safety data systems with data systems of other States and national data systems; “(v) to enhance the ability of the Secretary to observe and analyze national trends in crash occurrences, rates, outcomes, and circumstances; and “(vi) to improve the collection of data on nonmotorized crashes; “(B) based on the analysis required by subparagraph (A)— “(i) identify hazardous locations, sections, and elements (including roadside obstacles, railway-highway crossing needs, and unmarked or poorly marked roads) that constitute a danger to motorists (including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians, and other highway users; “(ii) using such criteria as the State determines to be appropriate, establish the relative severity of those locations, in terms of crashes (including crash rates), fatalities, serious injuries, traffic volume levels, and other relevant data; “(iii) identify the number of fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads by location in the State; “(iv) identify highway safety improvement projects on the basis of crash experience, crash potential, crash rate, or other data-supported means; and “(v) consider which projects maximize opportunities to advance safety; “(C) adopt strategic and performance-based goals that— “(i) address traffic safety, including behavioral and infrastructure problems and opportunities on all public roads; “(ii) focus resources on areas of greatest need; and “(iii) are coordinated with other State highway safety programs; “(D) advance the capabilities of the State for safety data collection, analysis, and integration in a manner that— “(i) complements the State highway safety program under chapter 4 and the commercial vehicle safety plan under section 31102 of title 49; “(ii) includes all public roads, including public non-State-owned roads and roads on tribal land; “(iii) identifies hazardous locations, sections, and elements on all public roads that constitute a danger to motorists (including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians, persons with disabilities, and other highway users; “(iv) includes a means of identifying the relative severity of hazardous locations described in clause (iii) in terms of crashes (including crash rate), serious injuries, fatalities, and traffic volume levels; and “(v) improves the ability of the State to identify the number of fatalities and serious injuries on all public roads in the State with a breakdown by functional classification and ownership in the State; “(E) (i) determine priorities for the correction of hazardous road locations, sections, and elements (including railway-highway crossing improvements), as identified through safety data analysis; “(ii) identify opportunities for preventing the development of such hazardous conditions; and “(iii) establish and implement a schedule of highway safety improvement projects for hazard correction and hazard prevention; and “(F) (i) Evaluation. establish an evaluation process to analyze and assess results achieved by highway safety improvement projects carried out in accordance with procedures and criteria established by this section; and “(ii) use the information obtained under clause (i) in setting priorities for highway safety improvement projects. “(d) Updates to Strategic Highway Safety Plans.— “(1) Establishment of requirements.— “(A) In general.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of the MAP–21, the Secretary shall establish requirements for regularly recurring State updates of strategic highway safety plans. “(B) Contents of updated strategic highway safety plans.— In establishing requirements under this subsection, the Secretary shall ensure that States take into consideration, with respect to updated strategic highway safety plans— “(i) the findings of road safety audits; “(ii) the locations of fatalities and serious injuries; “(iii) the locations that do not have an empirical history of fatalities and serious injuries, but possess risk factors for potential crashes; “(iv) rural roads, including all public roads, commensurate with fatality data; “(v) motor vehicle crashes that include fatalities or serious injuries to pedestrians and bicyclists; “(vi) the cost-effectiveness of improvements; “(vii) improvements to rail-highway grade crossings; and “(viii) safety on all public roads, including non-State-owned public roads and roads on tribal land. “(2) Approval of updated strategic highway safety plans.— “(A) In general.— Each State shall— “(i) update the strategic highway safety plans of the State in accordance with the requirements established by the Secretary under this subsection; and “(ii) submit the updated plans to the Secretary, along with a detailed description of the process used to update the plan. “(B) Requirements for approval.— The Secretary shall not approve the process for an updated strategic highway safety plan unless— “(i) the updated strategic highway safety plan is consistent with the requirements of this subsection and subsection (a)(12); and “(ii) the process used is consistent with the requirements of this subsection. “(3) Penalty for failure to have an approved updated strategic highway safety plan.— Deadline. If a State does not have an updated strategic highway safety plan with a process approved by the Secretary by August 1 of the fiscal year beginning after the date of establishment of the requirements under paragraph (1), the State shall not be eligible to receive any additional limitation pursuant to the redistribution of the limitation on obligations for Federal-aid highway and highway safety construction programs that occurs after August 1 for each succeeding fiscal year until the fiscal year during which the plan is approved. “(e) Eligible Projects.— “(1) In general.— Funds apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(3) may be obligated to carry out— “(A) any highway safety improvement project on any public road or publicly owned bicycle or pedestrian pathway or trail; “(B) as provided in subsection (g); or “(C) any project to maintain minimum levels of retroreflectivity with respect to a public road, without regard to whether the project is included in an applicable State strategic highway safety plan. “(2) Use of other funding for safety.— “(A) Effect of section.— Nothing in this section prohibits the use of funds made available under other provisions of this title for highway safety improvement projects. “(B) Use of other funds.— States are encouraged to address the full scope of the safety needs and opportunities of the States by using funds made available under other provisions of this title (except a provision that specifically prohibits that use). “(f) Data Improvement.— “(1) Definition of data improvement activities.— In this subsection, the following definitions apply: “(A) In general.— The term ‘data improvement activities’ means a project or activity to further the capacity of a State to make more informed and effective safety infrastructure investment decisions. “(B) Inclusions.— The term ‘data improvement activities’ includes a project or activity— “(i) to create, update, or enhance a highway basemap of all public roads in a State; “(ii) to collect safety data, including data identified as part of the model inventory for roadway elements, for creation of or use on a highway basemap of all public roads in a State; “(iii) to store and maintain safety data in an electronic manner; “(iv) to develop analytical processes for safety data elements; “(v) to acquire and implement roadway safety analysis tools; and “(vi) to support the collection, maintenance, and sharing of safety data on all public roads and related systems associated with the analytical usage of that data. “(2) Model inventory of roadway elements.— The Secretary shall— “(A) establish a subset of the model inventory of roadway elements that are useful for the inventory of roadway safety; and “(B) ensure that States adopt and use the subset to improve data collection. “(g) Special Rules.— “(1) High-risk rural road safety.— If the fatality rate on rural roads in a State increases over the most recent 2-year period for which data are available, that State shall be required to obligate in the next fiscal year for projects on high risk rural roads an amount equal to at least 200 percent of the amount of funds the State received for fiscal year 2009 for high risk rural roads under subsection (f) of this section, as in effect on the day before the date of enactment of the MAP–21. “(2) Older drivers.— If traffic fatalities and serious injuries per capita for drivers and pedestrians over the age of 65 in a State increases during the most recent 2-year period for which data are available, that State shall be required to include, in the subsequent Strategic Highway Safety Plan of the State, strategies to address the increases in those rates, taking into account the recommendations included in the publication of the Federal Highway Administration entitled ‘Highway Design Handbook for Older Drivers and Pedestrians’ (FHWA–RD–01–103), and dated May 2001, or as subsequently revised and updated. “(h) Reports.— “(1) In general.— A State shall submit to the Secretary a report that— “(A) describes progress being made to implement highway safety improvement projects under this section; “(B) assesses the effectiveness of those improvements; and “(C) describes the extent to which the improvements funded under this section have contributed to reducing— “(i) the number and rate of fatalities on all public roads with, to the maximum extent practicable, a breakdown by functional classification and ownership in the State; “(ii) the number and rate of serious injuries on all public roads with, to the maximum extent practicable, a breakdown by functional classification and ownership in the State; and “(iii) the occurrences of fatalities and serious injuries at railway-highway crossings. “(2) Contents; schedule.— The Secretary shall establish the content and schedule for the submission of the report under paragraph (1). “(3) Transparency.— The Secretary shall make strategic highway safety plans submitted under subsection (d) and reports submitted under this subsection available to the public through— “(A) the website of the Department; and “(B) such other means as the Secretary determines to be appropriate. “(4) Discovery and admission into evidence of certain reports, surveys, and information.— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or data compiled or collected for any purpose relating to this section, shall not be subject to discovery or admitted into evidence in a Federal or State court proceeding or considered for other purposes in any action for damages arising from any occurrence at a location identified or addressed in the reports, surveys, schedules, lists, or other data. “(i) State Performance Targets.— If the Secretary determines that a State has not met or made significant progress toward meeting the performance targets of the State established under section 150(d) by the date that is 2 years after the date of the establishment of the performance targets, the State shall— “(1) use obligation authority equal to the apportionment of the State for the prior year under section 104(b)(3) only for highway safety improvement projects under this section until the Secretary determines that the State has met or made significant progress toward meeting the performance targets of the State; and “(2) Implementation plan. submit annually to the Secretary, until the Secretary determines that the State has met or made significant progress toward meeting the performance targets of the State, an implementation plan that— “(A) identifies roadway features that constitute a hazard to road users; “(B) identifies highway safety improvement projects on the basis of crash experience, crash potential, or other data-supported means; “(C) describes how highway safety improvement program funds will be allocated, including projects, activities, and strategies to be implemented; “(D) describes how the proposed projects, activities, and strategies funded under the State highway safety improvement program will allow the State to make progress toward achieving the safety performance targets of the State; and “(E) describes the actions the State will undertake to meet the performance targets of the State. “(j) Federal Share of Highway Safety Improvement Projects.— Except as provided in sections 120 and 130, the Federal share of the cost of a highway safety improvement project carried out with funds apportioned to a State under section 104(b)(3) shall be 90 percent.” .

7. 2015

   Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

   Pub. L. 114–94 § 1113(a)(1)(A)(i) · 129 Stat. 1312

   Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)

   Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted “only includes” for “includes, but is not limited to,” in introductory provisions

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(4)(B). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(A)(i), substituted “only includes” for “includes, but is not limited to,” in introductory provisions.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “includes, but is not limited to,” and inserting “only includes”; and

8. 2015

   Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

   Pub. L. 114–94 § 1113(a)(1)(A)(ii) · 129 Stat. 1312

   Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(xxv)(xxviii)

   Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(A)(ii), added cls. (xxv) to (xxviii)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(xxv) to (xxviii). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(A)(ii), added cls. (xxv) to (xxviii).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (ii) by adding at the end the following: “(xxv) Installation of vehicle-to-infrastructure communication equipment. “(xxvi) Pedestrian hybrid beacons. “(xxvii) Roadway improvements that provide separation between pedestrians and motor vehicles, including medians and pedestrian crossing islands. “(xxviii) A physical infrastructure safety project not described in clauses (i) through (xxvii).” ;

9. 2015

   Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

   Pub. L. 114–94 § 1113(a)(1)(B) · 129 Stat. 1312

   1. Redesignated · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(10)(13)

      Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(B), (C), redesignated pars. (11) to (13) as (10) to (12)

   2. Struck · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(10)(13)

      Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(B), (C), struck out former par. (10). Prior to amendment, text of par. (10) read as follows:

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a)(10) to (13). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(1)(B), (C), redesignated pars. (11) to (13) as (10) to (12) and struck out former par. (10). Prior to amendment, text of par. (10) read as follows:

   “(A) In general.—The term ‘safety project under any other section’ means a project carried out for the purpose of safety under any other section of this title. “(B) Inclusion.—The term ‘safety project under any other section’ includes— “(i) a project consistent with the State strategic highway safety plan that promotes the awareness of the public and educates the public concerning highway safety matters (including motorcycle safety); “(ii) a project to enforce highway safety laws; and “(iii) a project to provide infrastructure and infrastructure-related equipment to support emergency services.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (B) by striking paragraph (10); and

10. 2015

    Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

    Pub. L. 114–94 § 1113(a)(2) · 129 Stat. 1312

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(c)(1)(A)

    Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(2), substituted “subsections (a)(11)” for “subsections (a)(12)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(2), substituted “subsections (a)(11)” for “subsections (a)(12)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in subsection (c)(1)(A) by striking “subsections (a)(12)” and inserting “subsections (a)(11)”;

11. 2015

    Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

    Pub. L. 114–94 § 1113(a)(3) · 129 Stat. 1312

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(d)(2)(B)(i)

    Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(3), substituted “subsection (a)(11)” for “subsection (a)(12)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(3), substituted “subsection (a)(11)” for “subsection (a)(12)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) in subsection (d)(2)(B)(i) by striking “subsection (a)(12)” and inserting “subsection (a)(11)”; and

12. 2015

    Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

    Pub. L. 114–94 § 1406(b)(1) · 129 Stat. 1312

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(i)

    Pub. L. 114–94, § 1406(b)(1), substituted “safety performance targets of the State established under section 150(d)” for “performance targets of the State established under section 150(d) by the date that is 2 years after the date of the establishment of the performance targets” in introductory provisions

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (i). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1406(b)(1), substituted “safety performance targets of the State established under section 150(d)” for “performance targets of the State established under section 150(d) by the date that is 2 years after the date of the establishment of the performance targets” in introductory provisions.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking “performance targets of the State established under section 150(d) by the date that is 2 years after the date of the establishment of the performance targets” and inserting “safety performance targets of the State established under section 150(d)”; and

13. 2015

    Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

    Pub. L. 114–94 § 1406(b)(2) · 129 Stat. 1312

    Inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(i)(1); 23 U.S.C. § 148(i)(2)

    Pub. L. 114–94, § 1406(b)(2), inserted “safety” before “performance targets” wherever appearing

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (i)(1), (2). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1406(b)(2), inserted “safety” before “performance targets” wherever appearing.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in paragraphs (1) and (2), by inserting “safety” before “performance targets” each place it appears.

14. 2015

    Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act

    Pub. L. 114–94 § 1113(a)(4) · 129 Stat. 1312

    Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(k)

    Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(4), added subsec. (k)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (k). Pub. L. 114–94, § 1113(a)(4), added subsec. (k).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) by adding at the end the following: “(k) Data Collection on Unpaved Public Roads.— “(1) In general.— A State may elect not to collect fundamental data elements for the model inventory of roadway elements on public roads that are gravel roads or otherwise unpaved if— “(A) the State does not use funds provided to carry out this section for a project on any such roads until the State completes a collection of the required model inventory of roadway elements for the applicable road segment; and “(B) the State demonstrates that the State consulted with affected Indian tribes before ceasing to collect data with respect to such roads that are included in the National Tribal Transportation Facility Inventory under section 202(b)(1) of this title. “(2) Rule of construction.— Nothing in this subsection may be construed to allow a State to cease data collection related to serious injuries or fatalities.” .

15. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(A)(i) · 135 Stat. 429

    Inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(i)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(i), inserted “that provides for the safety of all road users, as appropriate, including a multimodal roundabout” after “improvement”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(i). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(i), inserted “that provides for the safety of all road users, as appropriate, including a multimodal roundabout” after “improvement”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (i) in clause (i), by inserting “that provides for the safety of all road users, as appropriate, including a multimodal roundabout” after “improvement”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

16. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(A)(ii) · 135 Stat. 429

    Inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(vi)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(ii), inserted “or a grade separation project” after “devices”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(vi). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(ii), inserted “or a grade separation project” after “devices”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (ii) in clause (vi), by inserting “or a grade separation project” after “devices”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

17. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iii) · 135 Stat. 429

    1. Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(viii)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iii), added cl. (viii)

    2. Struck · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(viii)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iii), struck out former cl. (viii) which read as follows: “Construction of a traffic calming feature.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(viii). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iii), added cl. (viii) and struck out former cl. (viii) which read as follows: “Construction of a traffic calming feature.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (iii) by striking clause (viii) and inserting the following: “(viii) Construction or installation of features, measures, and road designs to calm traffic and reduce vehicle speeds.” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

18. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iv) · 135 Stat. 429

    1. Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(xxvi)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iv), added cl. (xxvi)

    2. Struck · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(xxvi)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iv), struck out former cl. (xxvi) which read as follows: “Pedestrian hybrid beacons.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(xxvi). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(iv), added cl. (xxvi) and struck out former cl. (xxvi) which read as follows: “Pedestrian hybrid beacons.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (iv) by striking clause (xxvi) and inserting the following: “(xxvi) Installation or upgrades of traffic control devices for pedestrians and bicyclists, including pedestrian hybrid beacons and the addition of bicycle movement phases to traffic signals.” ; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

19. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(A)(v) · 135 Stat. 429

    1. Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(xxvii)(xxix)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(v), added cls. (xxvii) to (xxix)

    2. Struck · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(4)(B)(xxvii)(xxix)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(v), struck out former cls. (xxvii) and (xxviii) which read as follows:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(4)(B)(xxvii) to (xxix). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(A)(v), added cls. (xxvii) to (xxix) and struck out former cls. (xxvii) and (xxviii) which read as follows:

    “(xxvii) Roadway improvements that provide separation between pedestrians and motor vehicles, including medians and pedestrian crossing islands. “(xxviii) A physical infrastructure safety project not described in clauses (i) through (xxvii).”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (v) by striking clauses (xxvii) and (xxviii) and inserting the following: “(xxvii) Roadway improvements that provide separation between pedestrians and motor vehicles or between bicyclists and motor vehicles, including medians, pedestrian crossing islands, protected bike lanes, and protected intersection features. “(xxviii) A pedestrian security feature designed to slow or stop a motor vehicle. “(xxix) A physical infrastructure safety project not described in clauses (i) through (xxviii).” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

20. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(B) · 135 Stat. 429

    1. Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(9)(13)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(B)–(D), added pars. (9) and (11)

    2. Redesignated · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(9)(13)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(B)–(D), redesignated former pars. (9), (10), and (11) as (10), (12), and (13), respectively. Former par. (12) redesignated (14)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(9) to (13). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(B)–(D), added pars. (9) and (11) and redesignated former pars. (9), (10), and (11) as (10), (12), and (13), respectively. Former par. (12) redesignated (14).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (9) through (12) as paragraphs (10), (12), (13), and (14), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

21. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(E) · 135 Stat. 429

    1. Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(13)(G)(J)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(E), added subpar. (G)

    2. Redesignated · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(13)(G)(J)

       Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(E), redesignated former subpars. (G) to (I) as (H) to (J), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(13)(G) to (J). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(E), added subpar. (G) and redesignated former subpars. (G) to (I) as (H) to (J), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (E) in paragraph (13) (as so redesignated)— (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (G), (H), and (I) as subparagraphs (H), (I), and (J), respectively; and (ii) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the following; “(G) includes a vulnerable road user safety assessment;” ; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

22. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(B) · 135 Stat. 429

    Redesignated · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(14)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (12) as (14)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(14). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(B), redesignated par. (12) as (14).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) by redesignating paragraphs (9) through (12) as paragraphs (10), (12), (13), and (14), respectively;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

23. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(1)(F) · 135 Stat. 429

    Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(15); 23 U.S.C. § 148(a)(16)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(F), added pars. (15) and (16)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(15), (16). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(1)(F), added pars. (15) and (16).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (F) by adding at the end the following: “(15) Vulnerable road user.— The term ‘vulnerable road user’ means a nonmotorist— “(A) with a fatality analysis reporting system person attribute code that is included in the definition of the term ‘number of non-motorized fatalities’ in section 490.205 of title 23, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor regulations); or “(B) described in the term ‘number of non-motorized serious injuries’ in that section. “(16) Vulnerable road user safety assessment.— The term ‘vulnerable road user safety assessment’ means an assessment of the safety performance of the State with respect to vulnerable road users and the plan of the State to improve the safety of vulnerable road users as described in subsection (l).” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

24. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(2)(A) · 135 Stat. 429

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(c)(1)(A)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(A), substituted “subsections (a)(13)” for “subsections (a)(11)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1)(A). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(A), substituted “subsections (a)(13)” for “subsections (a)(11)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking “subsections (a)(11)” and inserting “subsections (a)(13)”; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

25. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(2)(B)(i) · 135 Stat. 429

    Inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(c)(2)(A)(vi)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(B)(i), inserted “and to differentiate the safety data for vulnerable road users, including bicyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians, from other road users” after “crashes”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2)(A)(vi). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(B)(i), inserted “and to differentiate the safety data for vulnerable road users, including bicyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians, from other road users” after “crashes”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (i) in subparagraph (A)(vi), by inserting “and to differentiate the safety data for vulnerable road users, including bicyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians, from other road users” after “crashes”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

26. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(2)(B)(ii) · 135 Stat. 429

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(c)(2)(B)(i)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(B)(ii), substituted “, vulnerable road users (including motorcyclists, bicyclists, pedestrians),” for “(including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians,”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(B)(ii), substituted “, vulnerable road users (including motorcyclists, bicyclists, pedestrians),” for “(including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians,”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (ii) in subparagraph (B)(i), by striking “(including motorcyclists), bicyclists, pedestrians,” and inserting “, vulnerable road users (including motorcyclists, bicyclists, pedestrians),”; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

27. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(2)(B)(iii) · 135 Stat. 429

    Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(c)(2)(D)(vi)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(B)(iii), added cl. (vi)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2)(D)(vi). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(2)(B)(iii), added cl. (vi).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (iii) in subparagraph (D)— (I) in clause (iv), by striking “and” at the end; (II) in clause (v), by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting “; and”; and (III) by adding at the end the following: “(vi) improves the ability of the State to differentiate the fatalities and serious injuries of vulnerable road users, including bicyclists, motorcyclists, and pedestrians, from other road users;” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

28. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(3) · 135 Stat. 429

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(d)(2)(B)(i)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(3), substituted “subsection (a)(13)” for “subsection (a)(11)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(2)(B)(i). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(3), substituted “subsection (a)(13)” for “subsection (a)(11)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) in subsection (d)(2)(B)(i), by striking “subsection (a)(11)” and inserting “subsection (a)(13)”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

29. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(4) · 135 Stat. 429

    Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(e)(3)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(4), added par. (3)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(4), added par. (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) in subsection (e), by adding at the end the following: “(3) Flexible funding for specified safety projects.— “(A) In general.— To advance the implementation of a State strategic highway safety plan, a State may use not more than 10 percent of the amounts apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(3) for a fiscal year to carry out specified safety projects. “(B) Rule of construction.— Nothing in this paragraph requires a State to revise any State process, plan, or program in effect on the date of enactment of this paragraph. “(C) Effect of paragraph.— “(i) Requirements.— A project carried out under this paragraph shall be subject to all requirements under this section that apply to a highway safety improvement project. “(ii) Other apportioned programs.— Nothing in this paragraph prohibits the use of funds made available under other provisions of this title for a specified safety project that is a noninfrastructure project.” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

30. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(5) · 135 Stat. 429

    Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(g)(3)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(5), added par. (3)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g)(3). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(5), added par. (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) in subsection (g), by adding at the end the following: “(3) Vulnerable road user safety.— If the total annual fatalities of vulnerable road users in a State represents not less than 15 percent of the total annual crash fatalities in the State, that State shall be required to obligate not less than 15 percent of the amounts apportioned to the State under section 104(b)(3) for the following fiscal year for highway safety improvement projects to address the safety of vulnerable road users.” ; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

31. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11525(j) · 135 Stat. 429

    Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 148(i)(2)(D)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11525(j), substituted “safety performance” for “safety safety performance”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (i)(2)(D). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11525(j), substituted “safety performance” for “safety safety performance”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (j) Section 148(i)(2)(D) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking “safety safety” and inserting “safety”.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

32. 2021

    Surface Transportation Reauthorization Act of 2021

    Pub. L. 117–58 § 11111(a)(6) · 135 Stat. 429

    Added · 23 U.S.C. § 148(l)

    Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(6), added subsec. (l)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (l). Pub. L. 117–58, § 11111(a)(6), added subsec. (l).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (6) by adding at the end the following: “(l) Vulnerable Road User Safety Assessment.— “(1) In general.— Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of this subsection, each State shall complete a vulnerable road user safety assessment. “(2) Contents.— A vulnerable road user safety assessment under paragraph (1) shall include— “(A) a quantitative analysis of vulnerable road user fatalities and serious injuries that— “(i) includes data such as location, roadway functional classification, design speed, speed limit, and time of day; “(ii) considers the demographics of the locations of fatalities and serious injuries, including race, ethnicity, income, and age; and “(iii) based on the data, identifies areas as ‘high-risk’ to vulnerable road users; and “(B) a program of projects or strategies to reduce safety risks to vulnerable road users in areas identified as high-risk under subparagraph (A)(iii). “(3) Use of data.— In carrying out a vulnerable road user safety assessment under paragraph (1), a State shall use data from the most recent 5-year period for which data is available. “(4) Requirements.— In carrying out a vulnerable road user safety assessment under paragraph (1), a State shall— “(A) take into consideration a safe system approach; and “(B) consult with local governments, metropolitan planning organizations, and regional transportation planning organizations that represent a high-risk area identified under paragraph (2)(A)(iii). “(5) Update.— A State shall update the vulnerable road user safety assessment of the State in accordance with the updates required to the State strategic highway safety plan under subsection (d). “(6) Requirement for transportation system access.— The program of projects developed under paragraph (2)(B) may not degrade transportation system access for vulnerable road users. “(7) Guidance.— “(A) In general.— Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary shall develop guidance for States to carry out this subsection. “(B) Consultation.— In developing the guidance under this paragraph, the Secretary shall consult with the States and relevant safety stakeholders.” .

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 117–58 effective Oct. 1, 2021, see section 10003 of Pub. L. 117–58, set out as a note under section 101 of this title.

39 of 39 references resolved to an enrolled provision