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Title 26 — Internal Revenue Code

Part III · Chapter 1 — Normal Taxes and Surtaxes

§ 511. Imposition of tax on unrelated business income of charitable, etc., organizations

Statutory text

(a)

Charitable, etc., organizations taxable at corporation rates

(1)

Imposition of tax

There is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the unrelated business taxable income (as defined in section 512) of every organization described in paragraph (2) a tax computed as provided in section 11. In making such computation for purposes of this section, the term “taxable income” as used in section 11 shall be read as “unrelated business taxable income”.

(2)

Organizations subject to tax

(A)

Organizations described in sections 401(a) and 501(c)

The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall apply in the case of any organization (other than a trust described in subsection (b) or an organization described in section 501(c)(1)) which is exempt, except as provided in this part or part II (relating to private foundations), from taxation under this subtitle by reason of section 501(a).

(B)

State colleges and universities

The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall apply in the case of any college or university which is an agency or instrumentality of any government or any political subdivision thereof, or which is owned or operated by a government or any political subdivision thereof, or by any agency or instrumentality of one or more governments or political subdivisions. Such tax shall also apply in the case of any corporation wholly owned by one or more such colleges or universities.

(b)

Tax on charitable, etc., trusts

(1)

Imposition of tax

There is hereby imposed for each taxable year on the unrelated business taxable income of every trust described in paragraph (2) a tax computed as provided in section 1(e). In making such computation for purposes of this section, the term “taxable income” as used in section 1 shall be read as “unrelated business taxable income” as defined in section 512.

(2)

Charitable, etc., trusts subject to tax

The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall apply in the case of any trust which is exempt, except as provided in this part or part II (relating to private foundations), from taxation under this subtitle by reason of section 501(a) and which, if it were not for such exemption, would be subject to subchapter J (sec. 641 and following, relating to estates, trusts, beneficiaries, and decedents).

(c)

Special rule for section 501(c)(2) corporations

If a corporation described in section 501(c)(2)—

(1)

pays any amount of its net income for a taxable year to an organization exempt from taxation under section 501(a) (or which would pay such an amount but for the fact that the expenses of collecting its income exceed its income), and

(2)

such corporation and such organization file a consolidated return for the taxable year,

such corporation shall be treated, for purposes of the tax imposed by subsection (a), as being organized and operated for the same purposes as such organization, in addition to the purposes described in section 501(c)(2).

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 169 · 68A Stat. 169

    Enacted · 26 U.S.C. § 511

    Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 169

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 169

  2. Pub. L. 86–667 § 3(a) · 74 Stat. 534

    Changed · 26 U.S.C. § 511(a)(2)

    Pub. L. 86–667, § 3(a), included organizations described in section 501(c)(17) within subpar. (A)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 86–667, § 3(a), included organizations described in section 501(c)(17) within subpar. (A).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Subsection (a)(2) of section 511 of the Internal Revenue 26 USC 511. Code of 1954 (relating to imposition of tax on unrelated business income of charitable, etc., organizations) is amended— (1) by striking out “and (6)” in the heading of subparagraph (A) and inserting in lieu thereof “(6), and (17)”, and (2) by striking out “or (6)” in the first sentence of subparagraph (A) and inserting in lieu thereof “(6), or (17)”.

  3. Pub. L. 86–667 § 3(b) · 74 Stat. 534

    Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(b)

    Pub. L. 86–667, § 3(b), inserted a reference to section 501(c)(17)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–667, § 3(b), inserted a reference to section 501(c)(17).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Subsection (b) of such section 511 is amended by striking out “section 501(c)(3)” in paragraph (2) and inserting in lieu thereof “section 501(c) (3) or (17)”.

  4. Pub. L. 89–352 § 2 · 80 Stat. 4

    Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(a)(2)(A)

    Pub. L. 89–352 inserted “(14)(B) or (C),” after “(6),” in heading and in text

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 89–352 inserted “(14)(B) or (C),” after “(6),” in heading and in text.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 2. Section 511(a)(2)(A) of such Code (relating to organizations subject to tax) is amended by inserting “(14)(B) or (C),” after “(6),” in the heading and in the text.

  5. Tax Reform Act of 1969

    Pub. L. 91–172 § 121(a)(1) · 83 Stat. 487

    Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 511(a)(2)(A)

    Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(1), removed reference, in heading, to pars. (2), (3), (5), (6), (14)(B), (C), and (17) of section 501(c) of this title, and, in text, struck out exemptions to churches, conventions, or associations of churches, from the imposition of tax on their unrelated business income, made corporations organized under section 501(c)(1) of this title (i.e. organized under Acts of Congress), exempt from such tax, but made all such exemptions subservient to the exceptions in part II and section 501(a) of this title

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(1), removed reference, in heading, to pars. (2), (3), (5), (6), (14)(B), (C), and (17) of section 501(c) of this title, and, in text, struck out exemptions to churches, conventions, or associations of churches, from the imposition of tax on their unrelated business income, made corporations organized under section 501(c)(1) of this title (i.e. organized under Acts of Congress), exempt from such tax, but made all such exemptions subservient to the exceptions in part II and section 501(a) of this title.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Corporate rates.— Section 511(a)(2)(A) (relating to certain organizations subject to tax on unrelated business income at corporate rates) is amended to read as follows: “(A) Organizations described in sections 401(a) and 501(c).— The taxes imposed by paragraph (1) shall apply in the case of any organization (other than a trust described in subsection (b) or an organization described in section 501(c)(1)) which is exempt, except as provided in this part or part II (relating to private foundations), from taxation under this subtitle by reason of section 501(a).”

  6. Tax Reform Act of 1969

    Pub. L. 91–172 § 803(d)(2) · 83 Stat. 487

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(b)(1)

    Pub. L. 91–172, § 803(d)(2), substituted section 1(d) for section 1 in reference to section under which the computation of the tax dealing with the imposition of tax on the unrelated business taxable income of trusts, is computed

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91–172, § 803(d)(2), substituted section 1(d) for section 1 in reference to section under which the computation of the tax dealing with the imposition of tax on the unrelated business taxable income of trusts, is computed.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Section 511(b)(1) (relating to imposition of tax on unrelated business income of charitable, etc., organizations) is amended by striking out “section 1”, in the first sentence of such section, and inserting in lieu thereof “section 1(d)”.

  7. Tax Reform Act of 1969

    Pub. L. 91–172 § 121(a)(2) · 83 Stat. 487

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(b)(2)

    Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(2), pluralized “trust” in heading and in text made the imposition of tax on the unrelated business income of exempt trusts subject to provisions of part II, and, for purposes of determining trusts exempt from taxation, substituted reference to section 501(a) for reference to “section 501(c)(3) or (17) or section 401(a)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(2), pluralized “trust” in heading and in text made the imposition of tax on the unrelated business income of exempt trusts subject to provisions of part II, and, for purposes of determining trusts exempt from taxation, substituted reference to section 501(a) for reference to “section 501(c)(3) or (17) or section 401(a)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Individual rates.— Section 511(b)(2) (relating to charitable, etc., trusts subject to tax on unrelated business income) is amended to read as follows: “(2) Charitable, etc., trusts subject to tax.— The tax imposed by paragraph (1) shall apply in the case of any trust which is exempt, except as provided in this part or part II (relating to private foundations), from taxation under this subtitle by reason of section 501(a) and which, if it were not for such exemption, would be subject to subchapter J (sec. 641 and following, relating to estates, trusts, beneficiaries, and decedents).”

  8. Tax Reform Act of 1969

    Pub. L. 91–172 § 121(a)(3) · 83 Stat. 487

    Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 511(c)

    Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c), covering the effective date, was struck out

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c), covering the effective date, was struck out.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) Section 501(c)(2) corporations.— Section 511 (relating to tax on unrelated business income) is amended by striking out subsection (c) and inserting in lieu thereof the following new subsection: “(c) Special Rule for Section 501(c)(2) Corporations.— If a corporation described in section 501(c)(2)— “(1) pays any amount of its net income for a taxable year to an organization exempt from taxation under section 501(a) (or which would pay such an amount but for the fact that the expenses of collecting its income exceed its income), and “(2) such corporation and such organization file a consolidated return for the taxable year, such corporation shall be treated, for purposes of the tax imposed by subsection (a), as being organized and operated for the same purposes as such organization, in addition to the purposes described in section 501(c)(2).” 68A Stat. 163. 26 USC 501.

  9. Tax Reform Act of 1969

    Pub. L. 91–172 § 301(b)(8) · 83 Stat. 487

    Added · 26 U.S.C. § 511(d)

    Pub. L. 91–172, § 301(b)(8), added subsec. (d)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172, § 301(b)(8), added subsec. (d).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (8) Section 511 (relating to tax on unrelated business income Ante, p. 536. of charitable, etc., organizations) is amended by adding after subsection (c) (as added by section 121(a)(3) of this Act) the following new subsection: “(d) Tax Preferences.— The tax imposed by section 56 shall apply to an organization subject to tax under this section with respect to Items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income.”

  10. Tax Reduction and Simplification Act of 1977

    Pub. L. 95–30 title I § 101(d)(6) · 91 Stat. 126

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(b)(1)

    Pub. L. 95–30 substituted “section 1(e)” for “section 1(d)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–30 substituted “section 1(e)” for “section 1(d)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (6) Paragraph (1) of section 511(b) (relating to tax on 26 USC 511. unrelated business income of charitable, etc., trusts) is amended by striking out “section 1(d)” and inserting in lieu thereof “section”

  11. Pub. L. 95–600 § 301(b)(5)(A) · 92 Stat. 2763

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(a)(1)

    Pub. L. 95–600, § 301(b)(5)(A), substituted “a tax” for “a normal tax and a surtax”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–600, § 301(b)(5)(A), substituted “a tax” for “a normal tax and a surtax”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) Imposition of tax.— Paragraph (1) of section 511(a) 26 USC 511. (relating to charitable, etc., organizations taxable at corporation rates) is amended by striking out “a normal tax and a surtax” and inserting in lieu thereof “a tax”.

  12. Pub. L. 95–600 § 301(b)(5)(B) · 92 Stat. 2763

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(a)(2)

    Pub. L. 95–600, § 301(b)(5)(B), substituted “tax” for “taxes” wherever appearing

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–600, § 301(b)(5)(B), substituted “tax” for “taxes” wherever appearing.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) Organizations subject to tax.— Paragraph (2) of section 511(a) is amended by striking out “taxes” each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof “tax”.

  13. Pub. L. 95–600 § 421(e)(3) · 92 Stat. 2763

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(d)

    Pub. L. 95–600, § 421(e)(3), substituted provisions relating to organizations taxable at corporate rates and organizations taxable as trusts, for provisions relating to imposition of the tax imposed by section 56 of this title to an organization subject to tax under this section for tax preferences computed in unrelated business taxable income

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–600, § 421(e)(3), substituted provisions relating to organizations taxable at corporate rates and organizations taxable as trusts, for provisions relating to imposition of the tax imposed by section 56 of this title to an organization subject to tax under this section for tax preferences computed in unrelated business taxable income.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) 26 USC 511. Subsection (d) of section 511 (relating to tax preferences) is amended to read as follows: “(d) Tax Preferences.— “(1) Organizations taxable at corporate rates.— If an organization is subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income 26 USC 56. pursuant to subsection (a), the tax imposed by section 56 shall apply to such organizations with respect to items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income in the same manner as section 56 applies to corporations. “(2) Organizations taxable as trusts.— If an organization is subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income pursuant to subsection (b), the taxes imposed by section 55 and section 56 (as the case may be) shall apply to such organization with respect to items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income.”

  14. Pub. L. 97–248 title II § 201(d)(5) · 96 Stat. 324

    Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 511(d)(2)

    Pub. L. 97–248 substituted “section 55” for “section 55 and section 56 (as the case may be)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 97–248 substituted “section 55” for “section 55 and section 56 (as the case may be)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    “(d) Cross Reference.— “For election of 10-year amortization of expenditures allowable as a deduction under subsection (a), see section 58(i).” (D) Section 617 (relating to deduction of certain mining exploration 26 USC 617. expenditures) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection:

  15. Technical and Miscellaneous Revenue Act of 1988

    Pub. L. 100–647 title I § 1007(g)(6) · 102 Stat. 3342

    Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 511(d)

    Pub. L. 100–647 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “Tax Preferences.—

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “Tax Preferences.—

    “(1) Organizations taxable at corporate rates.—If an organization is subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income pursuant to subsection (a), the tax imposed by section 56 shall apply to such organizations with respect to items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income in the same manner as section 56 applies to corporations. “(2) Organizations taxable as trusts.—If an organization is subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income pursuant to subsection (b), the taxes imposed by section 55 shall apply to such organization with respect to items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (6) Section 511 of the 1986 Code is amended by striking out subsection (d).

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

14 of 15 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial

Editorial Notes

Amendments1960–1988 · 7 rounds

1988

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 100–647 struck out subsec. (d) which read as follows: “Tax Preferences.—

“(1) Organizations taxable at corporate rates.—If an organization is subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income pursuant to subsection (a), the tax imposed by section 56 shall apply to such organizations with respect to items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income in the same manner as section 56 applies to corporations.

“(2) Organizations taxable as trusts.—If an organization is subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income pursuant to subsection (b), the taxes imposed by section 55 shall apply to such organization with respect to items of tax preference which enter into the computation of unrelated business taxable income.”

1982

Subsec. (d)(2). Pub. L. 97–248 substituted “section 55” for “section 55 and section 56 (as the case may be)”.

1978

Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 95–600, § 301(b)(5)(A), substituted “a tax” for “a normal tax and a surtax”.

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 95–600, § 301(b)(5)(B), substituted “tax” for “taxes” wherever appearing.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 95–600, § 421(e)(3), substituted provisions relating to organizations taxable at corporate rates and organizations taxable as trusts, for provisions relating to imposition of the tax imposed by section 56 of this title to an organization subject to tax under this section for tax preferences computed in unrelated business taxable income.

1977

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 95–30 substituted “section 1(e)” for “section 1(d)”.

1969

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(1), removed reference, in heading, to pars. (2), (3), (5), (6), (14)(B), (C), and (17) of section 501(c) of this title, and, in text, struck out exemptions to churches, conventions, or associations of churches, from the imposition of tax on their unrelated business income, made corporations organized under section 501(c)(1) of this title (i.e. organized under Acts of Congress), exempt from such tax, but made all such exemptions subservient to the exceptions in part II and section 501(a) of this title.

Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 91–172, § 803(d)(2), substituted section 1(d) for section 1 in reference to section under which the computation of the tax dealing with the imposition of tax on the unrelated business taxable income of trusts, is computed.

Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(2), pluralized “trust” in heading and in text made the imposition of tax on the unrelated business income of exempt trusts subject to provisions of part II, and, for purposes of determining trusts exempt from taxation, substituted reference to section 501(a) for reference to “section 501(c)(3) or (17) or section 401(a)”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 91–172, § 121(a)(3), added subsec. (c). Former subsec. (c), covering the effective date, was struck out.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 91–172, § 301(b)(8), added subsec. (d).

1966

Subsec. (a)(2)(A). Pub. L. 89–352 inserted “(14)(B) or (C),” after “(6),” in heading and in text.

1960

Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 86–667, § 3(a), included organizations described in section 501(c)(17) within subpar. (A).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 86–667, § 3(b), inserted a reference to section 501(c)(17).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1988 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 100–647 effective, except as otherwise provided, as if included in the provision of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Pub. L. 99–514, to which such amendment relates, see section 1019(a) of Pub. L. 100–647, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1982 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 97–248 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 201(e)(1) of Pub. L. 97–248, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1978 Amendment

Amendment by section 301(b)(5)(A), (B) of Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.

Amendment by section 421(e)(3) of Pub. L. 95–600 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 421(g) of Pub. L. 95–600, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Effective Date of 1977 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 95–30 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 106(a) of Pub. L. 95–30, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1969 Amendment

Pub. L. 91–172, title I, § 121(g), , 83 Stat. 549, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, , 100 Stat. 2095, provided that: “The amendments made by this section [amending this section and sections 48, 501, 502, 503, 512 to 514, 681, 801, 810, 1443, 1504, and 7605 of this title] (other than by subsections (b)(3) and (e) [enacting sections 277 and 6050 of this title]) shall apply to taxable years beginning after . The amendments made by subsection (b)(3) [enacting section 277 of this title] shall apply to taxable years beginning after . The amendments made by subsection (e) [enacting section 6050 of this title] shall apply with respect to transfers of property after . Where an organization makes a bargain purchase of property before , which is subject to a mortgage which was placed on the property more than 5 years before the purchase, and the organization paid the seller a total amount no greater than the amount of the seller’s cost (including attorneys’ fees) directly related to the transfer of such property to the organization (but in any event no more than 10 percent of the value of the seller’s equity in the property), the indebtedness secured by such mortgage shall not be treated, notwithstanding the amendments made by subsection (d)(1) [amending section 514 of this title], as acquisition indebtedness for purposes of section 514(c)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] during a period of 10 years following the date of the transaction.”

Amendment by section 301(b)(8) of Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years ending after , see section 301(c) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.

Amendment by section 803(d)(2) of Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 803(f) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 1 of this title.

Effective Date of 1966 Amendment

Pub. L. 89–352, § 3, , 80 Stat. 4, provided in part that: “The amendment made by section 2 [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of this Act [].”

Effective Date of 1960 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 86–667 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 6 of Pub. L. 86–667, set out as a note under section 501 of this title.

Credits

1954–1988 · 8 acts
  1. 1954Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 169
  2. 1960Pub. L. 86–667, § 3, , 74 Stat. 535
  3. 1966Pub. L. 89–352, § 2, , 80 Stat. 4
  4. 1969Pub. L. 91–172, title I, § 121(a)(1)–(3), title III, § 301(b)(8), title VIII, § 803(d)(2), , 83 Stat. 536, 585, 684
  5. 1977Pub. L. 95–30, title I, § 101(d)(6), , 91 Stat. 133
  6. 1978Pub. L. 95–600, title III, § 301(b)(5), title IV, § 421(e)(3), , 92 Stat. 2821, 2876
  7. 1982Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 201(d)(5), formerly § 201(c)(5), , 96 Stat. 419, renumbered § 201(d)(5), Pub. L. 97–448, title III, § 306(a)(1)(A)(i), , 96 Stat. 2400
  8. 1988Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1007(g)(6), , 102 Stat. 3435.
Show as published

(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 169; Pub. L. 86–667, § 3, , 74 Stat. 535; Pub. L. 89–352, § 2, , 80 Stat. 4; Pub. L. 91–172, title I, § 121(a)(1)–(3), title III, § 301(b)(8), title VIII, § 803(d)(2), , 83 Stat. 536, 585, 684; Pub. L. 95–30, title I, § 101(d)(6), , 91 Stat. 133; Pub. L. 95–600, title III, § 301(b)(5), title IV, § 421(e)(3), , 92 Stat. 2821, 2876; Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 201(d)(5), formerly § 201(c)(5), , 96 Stat. 419, renumbered § 201(d)(5), Pub. L. 97–448, title III, § 306(a)(1)(A)(i), , 96 Stat. 2400; Pub. L. 100–647, title I, § 1007(g)(6), , 102 Stat. 3435.)

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