Title 26 — Internal Revenue Code
Part II · Chapter 1 — Normal Taxes and Surtaxes
§ 542. Definition of personal holding company
Statutory text
General rule
For purposes of this subtitle, the term “personal holding company” means any corporation (other than a corporation described in subsection (c)) if—
Adjusted ordinary gross income requirement
At least 60 percent of its adjusted ordinary gross income (as defined in section 543(b)(2)) for the taxable year is personal holding company income (as defined in section 543(a)), and
Stock ownership requirement
At any time during the last half of the taxable year more than 50 percent in value of its outstanding stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for not more than 5 individuals. For purposes of this paragraph, an organization described in section 401(a), 501(c)(17), or 509(a) or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in section 642(c) or a corresponding provision of a prior income tax law shall be considered an individual.
Corporations filing consolidated returns
General rule
In the case of an affiliated group of corporations filing or required to file a consolidated return under section 1501 for any taxable year, the adjusted ordinary gross income requirement of subsection (a)(1) of this section shall, except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3), be applied for such year with respect to the consolidated adjusted ordinary gross income and the consolidated personal holding company income of the affiliated group. No member of such an affiliated group shall be considered to meet such adjusted ordinary gross income requirement unless the affiliated group meets such requirement.
Ineligible affiliated group
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an affiliated group of corporations if—
any member of the affiliated group of corporations (including the common parent corporation) derived 10 percent or more of its adjusted ordinary gross income for the taxable year from sources outside the affiliated group, and
80 percent or more of the amount described in subparagraph (A) consists of personal holding company income (as defined in section 543).
For purposes of this paragraph, section 543 shall be applied as if the amount described in subparagraph (A) were the adjusted ordinary gross income of the corporation.
Excluded corporations
Paragraph (1) shall not apply to an affiliated group of corporations if any member of the affiliated group (including the common parent corporation) is a corporation excluded from the definition of personal holding company under subsection (c).
Certain dividend income received by a common parent
In applying paragraph (2) (A) and (B), personal holding company income and adjusted ordinary gross income shall not include dividends received by a common parent corporation from another corporation if—
the common parent corporation owns, directly or indirectly, more than 50 percent of the outstanding voting stock of such other corporation, and
such other corporation is not a personal holding company for the taxable year in which the dividends are paid.
Certain dividend income received from a nonincludible life insurance company
In the case of an affiliated group of corporations filing or required to file a consolidated return under section 1501 for any taxable year, there shall be excluded from consolidated personal holding company income and consolidated adjusted ordinary gross income for purposes of this part dividends received by a member of the affiliated group from a life insurance company taxable under section 801 that is not a member of the affiliated group solely by reason of the application of paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of section 1504.
Exceptions
The term “personal holding company” as defined in subsection (a) does not include—
a corporation exempt from tax under subchapter F (sec. 501 and following);
a bank as defined in section 581, or a domestic building and loan association within the meaning of section 7701(a)(19);
a life insurance company;
a surety company;
a foreign corporation;
a lending or finance company if—
60 percent or more of its ordinary gross income (as defined in section 543(b)(1)) is derived directly from the active and regular conduct of a lending or finance business;
the personal holding company income for the taxable year (computed without regard to income described in subsection (d)(3) and income derived directly from the active and regular conduct of a lending or finance business, and computed by including as personal holding company income the entire amount of the gross income from rents, royalties, produced film rents, and compensation for use of corporate property by shareholders) is not more than 20 percent of the ordinary gross income;
the sum of the deductions which are directly allocable to the active and regular conduct of its lending or finance business equals or exceeds the sum of—
15 percent of so much of the ordinary gross income derived therefrom as does not exceed $500,000, plus
5 percent of so much of the ordinary gross income derived therefrom as exceeds $500,000; and
the loans to a person who is a shareholder in such company during the taxable year by or for whom 10 percent or more in value of its outstanding stock is owned directly or indirectly (including, in the case of an individual, stock owned by members of his family as defined in section 544(a)(2)), outstanding at any time during such year do not exceed $5,000 in principal amount;
a small business investment company which is licensed by the Small Business Administration and operating under the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 (15 U.S.C. 661 and following) and which is actively engaged in the business of providing funds to small business concerns under that Act. This paragraph shall not apply if any shareholder of the small business investment company owns at any time during the taxable year directly or indirectly (including, in the case of an individual, ownership by the members of his family as defined in section 544(a)(2)) a 5 per centum or more proprietary interest in a small business concern to which funds are provided by the investment company or 5 per centum or more in value of the outstanding stock of such concern; and
a corporation which is subject to the jurisdiction of the court in a title 11 or similar case (within the meaning of section 368(a)(3)(A)) unless a major purpose of instituting or continuing such case is the avoidance of the tax imposed by section 541.
Special rules for applying subsection (c)(6)
Lending or finance business defined
In general
Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for purposes of subsection (c)(6), the term “lending or finance business” means a business of—
making loans,
purchasing or discounting accounts receivable, notes, or installment obligations,
rendering services or making facilities available in connection with activities described in clauses (i) and (ii) carried on by the corporation rendering services or making facilities available, or
rendering services or making facilities available to another corporation which is engaged in the lending or finance business (within the meaning of this paragraph), if such services or facilities are related to the lending or finance business (within such meaning) of such other corporation and such other corporation and the corporation rendering services or making facilities available are members of the same affiliated group (as defined in section 1504).
Exceptions
For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “lending or finance business” does not include the business of—
making loans, or purchasing or discounting accounts receivable, notes, or installment obligations, if (at the time of the loan, purchase, or discount) the remaining maturity exceeds 144 months; unless—
the loans, notes, or installment obligations are evidenced or secured by contracts of conditional sale, chattel mortgages, or chattel lease agreements arising out of the sale of goods or services in the course of the borrower’s or transferor’s trade or business, or
the loans, notes, or installment obligations are made or acquired by the taxpayer and meet the requirements of subparagraph (C), or
making loans evidenced by, or purchasing, certificates of indebtedness issued in a series, under a trust indenture, and in registered form or with interest coupons attached.
For purposes of clause (i), the remaining maturity shall be treated as including any period for which there may be a renewal or extension under the terms of an option exercisable by the borrower.
Indefinite maturity credit transactions
For purposes of subparagraph (B)(i), a loan, note, or installment obligation meets the requirements of this subparagraph if it is made under an agreement—
under which the creditor agrees to make loans or advances (not in excess of an agreed upon maximum amount) from time to time to or for the account of the debtor upon request, and
under which the debtor may repay the loan or advance in full or in installments.
Business deductions
For purposes of subsection (c)(6)(C), the deductions which may be taken into account shall include only—
deductions which are allowable only by reason of section 162 or section 404, except there shall not be included any such deduction in respect of compensation for personal services rendered by shareholders (including members of the shareholder’s family as described in section 544(a)(2)), and
deductions allowable under section 167, and deductions allowable under section 164 for real property taxes, but in either case only to the extent that the property with respect to which such deductions are allowable is used directly in the active and regular conduct of the lending or finance business.
Income received from certain affiliated corporations
For purposes of subsection (c)(6)(B), in the case of a lending or finance company which meets the requirements of subsection (c)(6)(A), there shall not be treated as personal holding company income the lawful income received from a corporation which meets the requirements of subsection (c)(6) and which is a member of the same affiliated group (as defined in section 1504) of which such company is a member.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 182 · 68A Stat. 182
Enacted · 26 U.S.C. § 542
Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 182
Source evidence
Code source credit
Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 182Public Law not identified
Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(a)(2)
Subsec. (a)(2). Act Aug. 12, 1955, § 3, inserted sentence at end excepting from consideration as “individuals” certain charitable foundations created before July 1, 1950
Unresolved: No Public Law or Statutes at Large citation in the Code source.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(2). Act Aug. 12, 1955, § 3, inserted sentence at end excepting from consideration as “individuals” certain charitable foundations created before July 1, 1950.Pub. L. 86–376 § 3(a) · 73 Stat. 699
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(11)
Pub. L. 86–376 added par. (11)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(11). Pub. L. 86–376 added par. (11).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Section 542(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to exceptions from definition of a personal holding company) is amended— (a) by inserting “in lieu of at the end thereof and” (b) by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph (11): “(11) A small business investment company which is licensed by the Small Business Administration and operating under the Small Business Investment Act of 1958 and which is actively engaged in the business of providing funds to small business concerns under that Act. This paragraph shall not apply if any shareholder of the small business investment company owns at any time during the taxable year directly or indirectly (including, in the case of an individual, ownership by the members of his family as defined in section 68A Stat. 188. 544(a)(2)) a 5 per centum or more proprietary interest in a small business concern to which funds are provided by the investment company or 5 per centum or more in value of the outstanding stock of such concern.”Pub. L. 87–768 § 1 · 76 Stat. 766
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)
Pub. L. 87–768 substituted “authorized to engage in and actively and regularly engaged in the small loan business (consumer finance business)” for “authorized to engage in the small loan business”
Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)
Pub. L. 87–768 inserted provisions excepting from the definition of “personal holding company” a lending company that received 80 percent or more of its gross income from lawful income from domestic subsidiary corporations (of which stock possessing at least 80 percent of the voting power of all classes of stock and of which at least 80 percent of each class of the nonvoting stock is owned directly by such lending company), which are themselves excepted under pars. (6), (7), (8), or (9) of this subsection, increased the maximum amount of the loan where no limit is prescribed from $500 to $1,500, and eliminated provisions which required loans to mature in not more than 36 months, and which limited interest, discount and other charges to not more than an amount equal to simple interest at 3 percent per month payable in advance and computed only on unpaid balances
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 87–768 substituted “authorized to engage in and actively and regularly engaged in the small loan business (consumer finance business)” for “authorized to engage in the small loan business”, inserted provisions excepting from the definition of “personal holding company” a lending company that received 80 percent or more of its gross income from lawful income from domestic subsidiary corporations (of which stock possessing at least 80 percent of the voting power of all classes of stock and of which at least 80 percent of each class of the nonvoting stock is owned directly by such lending company), which are themselves excepted under pars. (6), (7), (8), or (9) of this subsection, increased the maximum amount of the loan where no limit is prescribed from $500 to $1,500, and eliminated provisions which required loans to mature in not more than 36 months, and which limited interest, discount and other charges to not more than an amount equal to simple interest at 3 percent per month payable in advance and computed only on unpaid balances.Revenue Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88–272 § 225(b) · 78 Stat. 19
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(a)(1)
Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(b), substituted “60 percent of its adjusted ordinary gross income (as defined in section 543(b)(2)) for the taxable year is personal holding company income (as defined in section 543(a))” for “80 percent of its gross income for the taxable year is personal holding company income as defined in section 543”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(b), substituted “60 percent of its adjusted ordinary gross income (as defined in section 543(b)(2)) for the taxable year is personal holding company income (as defined in section 543(a))” for “80 percent of its gross income for the taxable year is personal holding company income as defined in section 543”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Definition of Personal Holding Company.— Paragraph (1) of section 542(a) (relating to the gross income requirement for personal 26 USC 542. holding company purposes) is amended to read as follows: “(1) Adjusted ordinary gross income requirement.— At least 60 percent of its adjusted ordinary gross income (as defined in section 543(b)(2)) for the taxable year is personal holding Post, p. 81. 26 USC 543. company income (as defined in section 543 (a)), and”.Revenue Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88–272 § 225(k)(1) · 78 Stat. 19
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(b)
Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(k)(1), substituted “adjusted ordinary gross income” for “gross income”, wherever appearing
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(k)(1), substituted “adjusted ordinary gross income” for “gross income”, wherever appearing.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Section 542(b) (relating to corporations filing consolidated 26 USC 542. returns) is amended by striking out “gross income” each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof “adjusted ordinary gross income”.Revenue Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88–272 § 225(c)(1) · 78 Stat. 19
Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(2)(6)(11)
Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(1), (2), inserted among the exceptions, domestic building and loan associations within section 7701(a)(19) without regard to subpars. (D) and (E) thereof
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(2)(6)(11)
Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(1), (2), added par. (6)
Redesignated · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(2)(6)(11)
Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(1), (2), redesignated former pars. (10) and (11) as (7) and (8), respectively, and omitted former pars. (6) to (9) which related to licensed personal finance companies, lending companies, loan or investment corporations, and finance companies, respectively
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2), (6) to (11). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(1), (2), inserted among the exceptions, domestic building and loan associations within section 7701(a)(19) without regard to subpars. (D) and (E) thereof, added par. (6), redesignated former pars. (10) and (11) as (7) and (8), respectively, and omitted former pars. (6) to (9) which related to licensed personal finance companies, lending companies, loan or investment corporations, and finance companies, respectively.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Domestic building and wan associations.— Paragraph (2) of section 542(c) (relating to corporations excepted from the definition of personal holding company) is amended to read as follows: “(2) a bank as defined in section 581, or a domestic building 26 USC 581. and loan association within the meaning of section 7701(a)(19) 76 Stat. 982. 26 USC 7701. without regard to subparagraphs (D) and (E) thereof;”.Revenue Act of 1964
Pub. L. 88–272 § 225(c)(3) · 78 Stat. 19
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(d)
Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(3), added subsec. (d)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(3), added subsec. (d).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(3) Special rules for section 542(c)(6).— Section 542 is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: “(d) Special Rules for Applying Subsection (c) (6).— “(1) Lending or finance business defined.— “(A) In general.— Except as provided in subparagraph (B), for purposes of subsection (c)(6), the term ‘lending or finance business’ means a business of— “(i) making loans, “(ii) purchasing or discounting accounts receivable, notes, or installment obligations, “(iii) rendering services or making facilities available in connection with activities described in clauses (i) and (ii) carried on by the corporation rendering services or making facilities available, or “(iv) rendering services or making facilities available to another corporation which is engaged in the lending or finance business (within the meaning of this paragraph), if such services or facilities are related to the mg or finance business (within such meaning) of such other corporation and such other corporation and the corporation rendering services or making facilities available are members of the same affiliated group (as 26 USC 1504. defined in section 1504). “(B) Exceptions.— For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term ‘lending or finance business’ does not include the business of— “(i) making loans, or purchasing or discounting accounts receivable, notes, or installment obligations, if (at the time of the loan, purchase, or discount) the remaining maturity exceeds 60 months, unless the loans, notes, or installment obligations are evidenced or secured by contracts of conditional sale, chattel mortgages, or chattel lease agreements arising out of the sale of goods or services in the course of the borrower’s or transferor’s trade or business, or “(ii) making loans evidenced by, or purchasing, certificates of indebtedness issued in a series, under a trust indenture, and in registered form or with interest coupons attached. For purposes of clause (i), the remaining maturity shall be treated as including any period for which there may be a renewal or extension under the terms of an option exercisable by the borrower. “(2) Business deductions.— For purposes of subsection (c) (6)(C), the deductions which may be taken into account shall include only— “(A) deductions which are allowable only by reason of section 162 or section 404, except there shall not be included any 68A Stat. 45. 26 USC 162, 404. such deduction in respect of compensation for personal services rendered by shareholders (including members of the shareholder’s family as described in section 544(a) (2)), and 26 USC 544. “(B) deductions allowable under section 167, and deductions 26 USC 167. allowable under section 164 for real property taxes, but Ante, p. 40. 26 USC 164. in either case only to the extent that, the property with respect to which such deductions are allowable is used directly in the active and regular conduct, of the lending or finance business. “(3) Income received prom certain affiliated corporations.— For purposes of subsection (c)(6)(B), in the case of a lending or finance company which meets the requirements of subsection (c) (6) (A), there shall not be treated as personal holding company income the lawful income received from a corporation which meets the requirements of subsection (c) (6) and which is a member of the same affiliated group (as defined in section 1504) 26 USC 1504. of which such company is a member.”Foreign Investors Tax Act of 1966
Pub. L. 89–809 title I § 104(h)(1) · 80 Stat. 1539
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)
Pub. L. 89–809 substituted requirement that the foreign corporation be other than a corporation which has income to which section 543(a)(7) applies for the taxable year for requirement that the foreign corporation’s gross income from sources within the United States for the period specified in section 861(a)(2)(B) be less than 50 percent of its total gross income from all sources, and expanded the devices included in methods of indirect ownership to encompass foreign estates, foreign trusts, and foreign partnerships
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 89–809 substituted requirement that the foreign corporation be other than a corporation which has income to which section 543(a)(7) applies for the taxable year for requirement that the foreign corporation’s gross income from sources within the United States for the period specified in section 861(a)(2)(B) be less than 50 percent of its total gross income from all sources, and expanded the devices included in methods of indirect ownership to encompass foreign estates, foreign trusts, and foreign partnerships.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Paragraph (7) of section 542(c) (relating to corporations 68A Stat. 186; 78 Stat. 79. not subject to personal holding company tax) is amended to read as follows: “(7) a foreign corporation (other than a corporation which has income to which section 543(a)(7) applies for the taxable 78 Stat. 81. year), if all of its stock outstanding during the last half of the taxable year is owned by nonresident alien individuals, whether directly or indirectly through foreign estates, foreign trusts, foreign partnerships, or other foreign corporations;”.Tax Reform Act of 1969
Pub. L. 91–172 title I § 101(j)(16) · 83 Stat. 487
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(a)(2)
Pub. L. 91–172 substituted “section 401(a), 501(c)(17), or 509(a)” for “section 503(b)” in the list of sections that contain the description of organizations that may be considered as individuals for the purpose of establishing stock ownership
Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 542(a)(2)
Pub. L. 91–172 struck out provisions which would have kept an organization or trust created before July 1, 1950, from being so designated if it had been denied exemption under section 504 or an unlimited charitable deduction under section 681(c) of this title
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted “section 401(a), 501(c)(17), or 509(a)” for “section 503(b)” in the list of sections that contain the description of organizations that may be considered as individuals for the purpose of establishing stock ownership, and struck out provisions which would have kept an organization or trust created before July 1, 1950, from being so designated if it had been denied exemption under section 504 or an unlimited charitable deduction under section 681(c) of this title.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(16) Section 542(a)(2) (relating to stock ownership requirement) is amended— (A) by striking out in the second sentence “section 503(b)” and inserting in lieu thereof “section 401(a), 501(c)(17), or 509(a)”, and (B) by amending the third sentence to read as follows: “The preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of an organization or trust organized or created before July 1, 1950, if at all times on or after July 1, 1950, and before the close of the taxable year such organization or trust has owned all of the common stock and at least 80 percent of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock of the corporation.”Pub. L. 93–480 § 3(a) · 88 Stat. 1454
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(b)(5)
Pub. L. 93–480 added par. (5)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 93–480 added par. (5).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Section 542(b) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (relating to corporations filing consolidated returns) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: “(5) Certain dividend income received from a nonincludible life insurance company.— In the case of an affiliated group of corporations filing or required to file a consolidated return under section 1501 for any taxable year, there shall be excluded from consolidated personal holding company income and consolidated adjusted ordinary gross income for purposes of this part dividends received by a member of the affiliated group from a life insurance company taxable under section 802 that is not a member of the affiliated group solely by reason of the application of paragraph (2) of subsection (b) of section 1504.”.Pub. L. 94–455 § 1901(a)(76)(A) · 90 Stat. 1520
Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 542(a)(2)
Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(A), struck out last sentence providing that the preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of an organization or trust organized or created before July 1, 1950, if at all times on or after July 1, 1950, and before the close of the taxable year such organization or trust has owned all of the common stock and at least 80 percent of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock of the corporation
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(A), struck out last sentence providing that the preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of an organization or trust organized or created before July 1, 1950, if at all times on or after July 1, 1950, and before the close of the taxable year such organization or trust has owned all of the common stock and at least 80 percent of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock of the corporation.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(A) Section 542(a)(2) (relating to definition of personal 26 USC 542. holding company) is amended by striking out the last sentence.Pub. L. 94–455 § 1901(a)(76)(B) · 90 Stat. 1520
Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 542(b)(2)
Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(B), struck out “other than an affiliated group of railroad corporations the common parent of which would be eligible to file a consolidated return under section 141 of the Internal Revenue Act of 1942” after “group of corporations”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(B), struck out “other than an affiliated group of railroad corporations the common parent of which would be eligible to file a consolidated return under section 141 of the Internal Revenue Act of 1942” after “group of corporations”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(B) Section 542(b)(2) (relating to ineligible affiliated group) is amended by striking out “, other than an affiliated group of railroad corporations the common parent of which would be eligible to file a consolidated return under section 141 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1939 prior to its amendment by the Revenue Act of 1942,”.Pub. L. 94–455 § 1901(a)(76)(C) · 90 Stat. 1520
Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(2)
Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(C), struck out “without regard to subparagraphs (D) and (E) thereof” after “meaning of section 7701(a)(19)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(C), struck out “without regard to subparagraphs (D) and (E) thereof” after “meaning of section 7701(a)(19)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(C) Section 542(c)(2) (relating to financial institutions) is amended by striking out “without regard to subparagraphs (D) and (E) thereof”,Pub. L. 94–455 § 1901(a)(76)(D) · 90 Stat. 1520
Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(8)
Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(D), inserted “(15 U.S.C. 661 and following)” after “Small Business Investment Act of 1958”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(D), inserted “(15 U.S.C. 661 and following)” after “Small Business Investment Act of 1958”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(D) Section 542(c)(8) (relating to small business investment companies) is amended by inserting after “Small Business Investment Act of 1958” the following: “(15 U.S.C. 661 and following)”.Pub. L. 96–589 § 5(a) · 94 Stat. 3389
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(9)
Pub. L. 96–589, added par. (9)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 96–589, added par. (9).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Exception From Personal Holding Company Tax for Corporations in Title 11 or Similar Cases.— Subsection (c) of section 542 11 USC 101 et seq. 26 USC 542. (relating to exceptions from definition of personal holding company) is amended by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (8) and inserting in lieu thereof “; and” and by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: “(9) a corporation which is subject to the jurisdiction of the court in a title 11 or similar case (within the meaning of section 368(a)(3)(A)) unless a major purpose of instituting or continuing such case is the avoidance of the tax imposed by section 541”.Pub. L. 97–248 § 293(a) · 96 Stat. 324
Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(6)(C)(ii)
Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(a), struck out “but not $1,000,000” after “exceeds $500,000”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(6)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(a), struck out “but not $1,000,000” after “exceeds $500,000”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Removal of Limitation on Amount of Ordinary Gross Income from Lending or Finance Business Taken Into Account.— Clause (ii) of section 542(c)(6)(C) (relating to exceptions 26 USC 542. from definition of personal holding company) is amended by striking out “but not $1,000,000”.Pub. L. 97–248 § 293(b) · 96 Stat. 324
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(d)(1)(B)(i)
Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(b), substituted “144 months” for “60 months” after “remaining maturity exceeds”
Amended · 26 U.S.C. § 542(d)(1)(B)(i)
Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(b), designated existing provisions from “the loans” through “transferor’s trade or business, or” as subcl. (I)
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(d)(1)(B)(i)
Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(b), added subcl. (II)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(b), substituted “144 months” for “60 months” after “remaining maturity exceeds”, designated existing provisions from “the loans” through “transferor’s trade or business, or” as subcl. (I), and added subcl. (II).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Changes in Definition of Lending or Finance Business.— Clause (i) of section 542(d)(1)(B) (relating to exceptions from definition of lending or finance business) is amended to read as follows: “(i) making loans, or purchasing or discounting accounts receivable, notes, or installment obligations, if (at the time of the loan, purchase, or discount) the remaining maturity exceeds 144 months; unless— “(I) the loans, notes, or installment obligations are evidenced or secured by contracts of conditional sale, chattel mortgages, or chattel lease agreements arising out of the sale of goods or services in the course of the borrower’s or transferor’s trade or business, or “(II) the loans, notes, or installment obligations are made or acquired by the taxpayer and meet the requirements of subparagraph (C), or”.Pub. L. 97–248 § 293(c) · 96 Stat. 324
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(d)(1)(C)
Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(c), added subpar. (C)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(c), added subpar. (C).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(c) Indefinite Maturity Credit Transactions.— Paragraph (1) of section 542(d) (relating to special rules) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subparagraph: “(C) Indefinite maturity credit transactions.— For purposes of subparagraph (B)(i), a loan, note, or installment obligation meets the requirements of this subparagraph if it is made under an agreement— “(i) under which the creditor agrees to make loans or advances (not in excess of an agreed upon maximum amount) from time to time to or for the account of the debtor upon request, and “(ii) under which the debtor may repay the loan or advance in full or in installments.”Tax Reform Act of 1984
Pub. L. 98–369 div. A title II § 211(b)(7) · 98 Stat. 494
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(b)(5)
Pub. L. 98–369 substituted “section 801” for “section 802”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–369 substituted “section 801” for “section 802”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(7) Paragraph (5) of section 542(b) (relating to certain dividend income received from a nonincludible life insurance company) is amended by striking out “section 802” and inserting in lieu thereof “section 801.Tax Reform Act of 1986
Pub. L. 99–514 title XII § 1235(f)(2) · 100 Stat. 2085
Added · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(10)
Pub. L. 99–514 added par. (10)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 99–514 added par. (10).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Subsection (c) of section 542 (relating to exceptions from personal holding company provisions) is amended by striking out “and” at the end of paragraph (8), by striking out the period at the end of paragraph (9) and inserting in lieu thereof and”, and by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: “(10) a passive foreign investment company (as defined in section 1296).”Pub. L. 105–34 title XI § 1122(d)(1) · 111 Stat. 788
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(10)
Pub. L. 105–34 substituted “section 1297” for “section 1296”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted “section 1297” for “section 1296”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Sections 532(b)(4) and 542(c)(10) are each amended by striking “section 1296” and inserting “section 1297”.Pub. L. 108–357 § 413(b)(1)(A) · 118 Stat. 1418
Amended · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(5)
Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(A), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “a foreign personal holding company as defined in section 552;”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(A), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “a foreign personal holding company as defined in section 552;”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(A) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the following: “(5) a foreign corporation,” ,Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.Pub. L. 108–357 § 413(b)(1)(B) · 118 Stat. 1418
Redesignated · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)(10)
Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(B)–(D), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (7) and (8), respectively
Inserted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)(10)
Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(B)–(D), inserted “and” at end of par. (7)
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)(10)
Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(B)–(D), substituted period for “; and” at end of par. (8)
Struck · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)(10)
Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(B)–(D), struck out former pars. (7) and (10) relating to foreign corporations whose outstanding stock during the last half of the taxable year is owned, directly or indirectly, by nonresident aliens and passive foreign investment companies, respectively
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(7) to (10). Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(B)–(D), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (7) and (8), respectively, inserted “and” at end of par. (7), substituted period for “; and” at end of par. (8), and struck out former pars. (7) and (10) relating to foreign corporations whose outstanding stock during the last half of the taxable year is owned, directly or indirectly, by nonresident aliens and passive foreign investment companies, respectively.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(B) by striking paragraphs (7) and (10) and by redesignating paragraphs (8) and (9) as paragraphs (7) and (8), respectively,Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after Dec. 31, 2004, and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2018
Pub. L. 115–141 § 401(a)(132) · 132 Stat. 348
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(5)
Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(132), substituted semicolon for comma at end
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(132), substituted semicolon for comma at end.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 401. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall comply with the July 5, 2011, version of Chapter VI of its Internal Commission Procedures when responding to Congressional requests for information.Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2018
Pub. L. 115–141 § 401(a)(133) · 132 Stat. 348
Substituted · 26 U.S.C. § 542(c)(7)
Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(133), substituted “a small business investment” for “A small business investment”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(133), substituted “a small business investment” for “A small business investment”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 401. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission shall comply with the July 5, 2011, version of Chapter VI of its Internal Commission Procedures when responding to Congressional requests for information.
31 of 35 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 3 partial · 1 unresolved
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The Small Business Investment Act of 1958, referred to in subsec. (c)(7), is Pub. L. 85–699, , 72 Stat. 689, which is classified principally to chapter 14B (§ 661 et seq.) of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to this Code, see Short Title note set out under section 661 of Title 15 and Tables.
Amendments1955–2018 · 15 rounds
2018
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(132), substituted semicolon for comma at end.
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 115–141, § 401(a)(133), substituted “a small business investment” for “A small business investment”.
2004
Subsec. (c)(5). Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(A), amended par. (5) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (5) read as follows: “a foreign personal holding company as defined in section 552;”.
Subsec. (c)(7) to (10). Pub. L. 108–357, § 413(b)(1)(B)–(D), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (7) and (8), respectively, inserted “and” at end of par. (7), substituted period for “; and” at end of par. (8), and struck out former pars. (7) and (10) relating to foreign corporations whose outstanding stock during the last half of the taxable year is owned, directly or indirectly, by nonresident aliens and passive foreign investment companies, respectively.
1997
Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 105–34 substituted “section 1297” for “section 1296”.
1986
Subsec. (c)(10). Pub. L. 99–514 added par. (10).
1984
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 98–369 substituted “section 801” for “section 802”.
1982
Subsec. (c)(6)(C)(ii). Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(a), struck out “but not $1,000,000” after “exceeds $500,000”.
Subsec. (d)(1)(B)(i). Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(b), substituted “144 months” for “60 months” after “remaining maturity exceeds”, designated existing provisions from “the loans” through “transferor’s trade or business, or” as subcl. (I), and added subcl. (II).
Subsec. (d)(1)(C). Pub. L. 97–248, § 293(c), added subpar. (C).
1980
Subsec. (c)(9). Pub. L. 96–589, added par. (9).
1976
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(A), struck out last sentence providing that the preceding sentence shall not apply in the case of an organization or trust organized or created before , if at all times on or after , and before the close of the taxable year such organization or trust has owned all of the common stock and at least 80 percent of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock of the corporation.
Subsec. (b)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(B), struck out “other than an affiliated group of railroad corporations the common parent of which would be eligible to file a consolidated return under section 141 of the Internal Revenue Act of 1942” after “group of corporations”.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(C), struck out “without regard to subparagraphs (D) and (E) thereof” after “meaning of section 7701(a)(19)”.
Subsec. (c)(8). Pub. L. 94–455, § 1901(a)(76)(D), inserted “(15 U.S.C. 661 and following)” after “Small Business Investment Act of 1958”.
1974
Subsec. (b)(5). Pub. L. 93–480 added par. (5).
1969
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 91–172 substituted “section 401(a), 501(c)(17), or 509(a)” for “section 503(b)” in the list of sections that contain the description of organizations that may be considered as individuals for the purpose of establishing stock ownership, and struck out provisions which would have kept an organization or trust created before , from being so designated if it had been denied exemption under section 504 or an unlimited charitable deduction under section 681(c) of this title.
1966
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 89–809 substituted requirement that the foreign corporation be other than a corporation which has income to which section 543(a)(7) applies for the taxable year for requirement that the foreign corporation’s gross income from sources within the United States for the period specified in section 861(a)(2)(B) be less than 50 percent of its total gross income from all sources, and expanded the devices included in methods of indirect ownership to encompass foreign estates, foreign trusts, and foreign partnerships.
1964
Subsec. (a)(1). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(b), substituted “60 percent of its adjusted ordinary gross income (as defined in section 543(b)(2)) for the taxable year is personal holding company income (as defined in section 543(a))” for “80 percent of its gross income for the taxable year is personal holding company income as defined in section 543”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(k)(1), substituted “adjusted ordinary gross income” for “gross income”, wherever appearing.
Subsec. (c)(2), (6) to (11). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(1), (2), inserted among the exceptions, domestic building and loan associations within section 7701(a)(19) without regard to subpars. (D) and (E) thereof, added par. (6), redesignated former pars. (10) and (11) as (7) and (8), respectively, and omitted former pars. (6) to (9) which related to licensed personal finance companies, lending companies, loan or investment corporations, and finance companies, respectively.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 88–272, § 225(c)(3), added subsec. (d).
1962
Subsec. (c)(7). Pub. L. 87–768 substituted “authorized to engage in and actively and regularly engaged in the small loan business (consumer finance business)” for “authorized to engage in the small loan business”, inserted provisions excepting from the definition of “personal holding company” a lending company that received 80 percent or more of its gross income from lawful income from domestic subsidiary corporations (of which stock possessing at least 80 percent of the voting power of all classes of stock and of which at least 80 percent of each class of the nonvoting stock is owned directly by such lending company), which are themselves excepted under pars. (6), (7), (8), or (9) of this subsection, increased the maximum amount of the loan where no limit is prescribed from $500 to $1,500, and eliminated provisions which required loans to mature in not more than 36 months, and which limited interest, discount and other charges to not more than an amount equal to simple interest at 3 percent per month payable in advance and computed only on unpaid balances.
1959
Subsec. (c)(11). Pub. L. 86–376 added par. (11).
1955
Subsec. (a)(2). Act , § 3, inserted sentence at end excepting from consideration as “individuals” certain charitable foundations created before .
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2004 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 108–357 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after , and to taxable years of United States shareholders with or within which such taxable years of foreign corporations end, see section 413(d)(1) of Pub. L. 108–357, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2004 Amendments note under section 1 of this title.
Effective Date of 1997 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 105–34 applicable to taxable years of United States persons beginning after , and to taxable years of foreign corporations ending with or within such taxable years of United States persons, see section 1124 of Pub. L. 105–34, set out as a note under section 532 of this title.
Effective Date of 1986 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 99–514 applicable to taxable years of foreign corporations beginning after , see section 1235(h) of Pub. L. 99–514, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1291 of this title.
Effective Date of 1984 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 98–369 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 215 of Pub. L. 98–369, set out as an Effective Date note under section 801 of this title.
Effective Date of 1982 Amendment
Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 293(d), , 96 Stat. 575, provided that:
“(1) Subsection (a).—
The amendment made by subsection (a) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .
“(2) Subsections (b) and (c).—
The amendments made by subsections (b) and (c) [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–589 applicable to bankruptcy cases or similar judicial proceedings commenced after , with exception permitting the debtor to make the amendment applicable to such cases or judicial proceedings commenced after , see section 7(d)(1), (f) of Pub. L. 96–589, set out as a note under section 108 of this title.
Effective Date of 1976 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 94–455 applicable with respect to taxable years beginning after , see section 1901(d) of Pub. L. 94–455, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.
Effective Date of 1974 Amendment
Pub. L. 93–480, § 3(b), , 88 Stat. 1454, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
Effective Date of 1969 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 91–172 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 101(k)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 91–172, set out as a note under section 4940 of this title.
Effective Date of 1966 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 89–809 with respect to taxable years beginning after , see section 104(n) of Pub. L. 89–809, set out as a note under section 11 of this title.
Effective Date of 1964 Amendment
Amendment by section 225(b), (c)(2), (3), (k)(1) of Pub. L. 88–272 applicable to taxable years beginning after , and amendment by section 225(c)(1) of Pub. L. 88–272 applicable to taxable years beginning after , see section 225(l) of Pub. L. 88–272, set out as a note under section 316 of this title.
Effective Date of 1962 Amendment
Pub. L. 87–768, § 2, , 76 Stat. 766, provided that: “The amendment made by the first section of this Act [amending this section] shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after .”
Effective Date of 1959 Amendment
Pub. L. 86–376, § 3(b), , 73 Stat. 700, provided that: “The amendment made by this section [amending this section] shall apply to taxable years beginning after .”
Effective Date of 1955 Amendment
Act Aug. 12, 1955, ch. 871, § 4, 69 Stat. 718, provided that: “The amendment made by section 3 of this Act [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to taxable years beginning after .”
Stock Ownership Requirement; Organization or Trust Organized or Created Before July 1, 1950
Pub. L. 95–600, title VII, § 701(o), , 92 Stat. 2907, as amended by Pub. L. 99–514, § 2, , 100 Stat. 2095, provided that:
“(1) In general.—
The last sentence of section 542(a)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 [formerly I.R.C. 1954] (relating to stock ownership requirement) shall not apply in the case of an organization or trust organized or created before , if at all times on or after , and before the close of the taxable year such organization or trust has owned all of the common stock and at least 80 percent of the total number of shares of all other classes of stock of the corporation.
“(2) Effective date.—
The provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply with respect to taxable years beginning after .”
Credits
1954–2018 · 16 acts
- 1954Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 182
- 1955ch. 871, § 3, , 69 Stat. 718
- 1959Pub. L. 86–376, § 3(a), , 73 Stat. 700
- 1962Pub. L. 87–768, § 1, , 76 Stat. 766
- 1964Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 225(b), (c), (k)(1), , 78 Stat. 79, 93
- 1966Pub. L. 89–809, title I, § 104(h)(1), , 80 Stat. 1559
- 1969Pub. L. 91–172, title I, § 101(j)(16), , 83 Stat. 528
- 1974Pub. L. 93–480, § 3(a), , 88 Stat. 1454
- 1976Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(76), , 90 Stat. 1777
- 1980Pub. L. 96–589, § 5(a), , 94 Stat. 3405
- 1982Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 293(a)–(c), , 96 Stat. 575
- 1984Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title II, § 211(b)(7), , 98 Stat. 755
- 1986Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1235(f)(2), , 100 Stat. 2575
- 1997Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1122(d)(1), , 111 Stat. 977
- 2004Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, § 413(b)(1), , 118 Stat. 1506
- 2018Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(132), (133), , 132 Stat. 1190.
Show as published
(Aug. 16, 1954, ch. 736, 68A Stat. 182; ch. 871, § 3, , 69 Stat. 718; Pub. L. 86–376, § 3(a), , 73 Stat. 700; Pub. L. 87–768, § 1, , 76 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 88–272, title II, § 225(b), (c), (k)(1), , 78 Stat. 79, 93; Pub. L. 89–809, title I, § 104(h)(1), , 80 Stat. 1559; Pub. L. 91–172, title I, § 101(j)(16), , 83 Stat. 528; Pub. L. 93–480, § 3(a), , 88 Stat. 1454; Pub. L. 94–455, title XIX, § 1901(a)(76), , 90 Stat. 1777; Pub. L. 96–589, § 5(a), , 94 Stat. 3405; Pub. L. 97–248, title II, § 293(a)–(c), , 96 Stat. 575; Pub. L. 98–369, div. A, title II, § 211(b)(7), , 98 Stat. 755; Pub. L. 99–514, title XII, § 1235(f)(2), , 100 Stat. 2575; Pub. L. 105–34, title XI, § 1122(d)(1), , 111 Stat. 977; Pub. L. 108–357, title IV, § 413(b)(1), , 118 Stat. 1506; Pub. L. 115–141, div. U, title IV, § 401(a)(132), (133), , 132 Stat. 1190.)