§ 3803. Hearing and determinations

Footnotes

1. 1 So in original. Probably should be followed by “of 1990”.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1986

   Program Fraud Civil Remedies Act of 1986

   Pub. L. 99–509 title VI § 6103(a) · 100 Stat. 1874

   Enacted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803

   Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, § 6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1939

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 99–509, title VI, § 6103(a), Oct. 21, 1986, 100 Stat. 1939

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) Establishment of Remedies.— Subtitle III of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting after chapter 37 the following new chapter: “CHAPTER 38— ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES FOR FALSE CLAIMS AND STATEMENTS “Sec. “3801. Definitions. “3802. False claims and statements; liability. “3803. Hearing and determinations. “3804. Subpoena authority. “3805. Judicial review. “3806. Collection of civil penalties and assessments. “3807. Right to administrative offset. “3808. Limitations. “3809. Regulations. “3810. Reports. “3811. Effect on other law. “3812. Prohibition against delegation. “§ 3801. Definitions “(a) For purposes of this chapter— “(1) ‘authority’ means— “(A) an executive department; “(B) a military department; “(C) an establishment (as such term is defined in section 11(2) of the Inspector General Act of 1978) which is not an 5 USC app. executive department; and “(D) the United States Postal Service; “(2) ‘authority head’ means— “(A) the head of an authority; or “(B) an official or employee of the authority designated, in regulations promulgated by the head of the authority, to act on behalf of the head of the authority; “(3) ‘claim’ means any request, demand, or submission— “(A) made to an authority for property, services, or money (including money representing grants, loans, insurance, or benefits); “(B) made to a recipient of property, services, or money from an authority or to a party to a contract with an authority— “(i) for property or services if the United States— “(I) provided such property or services; “(II) provided any portion of the funds for the purchase of such property or services; or “(III) will reimburse such recipient or party for the purchase of such property or services; or “(ii) for the payment of money (including money representing grants, loans, insurance, or benefits) if the United States— “(I) provided any portion of the money requested or demanded; or “(II) will reimburse such recipient or party for any portion of the money paid on such request or demand; or “(C) made to an authority which has the effect of decreasing an obligation to pay or account for property, services, or money, except that such term does not include any claim made in any return of tax imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1954; Post, p. 2095. “(4) ‘investigating official’ means an individual who— “(A) (i) in the case of an authority in which an Office of Inspector General is established by the Inspector General Act of 1978 or by any other Federal law, is the Inspector 5 USC app. General of that authority or an officer or employee of such Office designated by the Inspector General; “(ii) in the case of an authority in which an Office of Inspector General is not established by the Inspector General Act of 1978 or by any other Federal law, is an officer or employee of the authority designated by the authority head to conduct investigations under section 3803(a)(1) of this Post, p. 1939. title; or “(iii) in the case of a military department, is the Inspector General of the Department of Defense or an officer or employee of the Office of Inspector General of the Department of Defense who is designated by the Inspector General; and “(B) who, if a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty, is serving in grade O–7 or above or, if a civilian employee, is serving in a position for which the rate of basic pay is not less than the minimum rate of basic 5 USC 5331. pay for grade GS–16 under the General Schedule; “(5) ‘knows or has reason to know’, for purposes of establishing Post, p. 1937. liability under section 3802, means that a person, with respect to a claim or statement— “(A) has actual knowledge that the claim or statement is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; “(B) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement; or “(C) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement, and no proof of specific intent to defraud is required; “(6) ‘person’ means any individual, partnership, corporation, association, or private organization; “(7) ‘presiding officer’ means— “(A) in the case of an authority to which the provisions of 5 USC 551 et seq. subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 apply, an administrative law judge appointed in the authority pursuant to section 3105 of such title or detailed to the authority pursuant to section 3344 of such title; or “(B) in the case of an authority to which the provisions of such subchapter do not apply, an officer or employee of the authority who— “(i) is selected under chapter 33 of title 5 pursuant to the competitive examination process applicable to administrative law judges; “(ii) is appointed by the authority head to conduct Post, p. 1939. hearings under section 3803 of such title; “(iii) is assigned to cases in rotation so far as practicable; “(iv) may not perform duties inconsistent with the duties and responsibilities of a presiding officer; “(v) is entitled to pay prescribed by the Office of Personnel Management independently of ratings and recommendations made by the authority and in accordance 5 USC 5101 et seq. with chapter 51 of such title and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title; “(vi) is not subject to performance appraisal pursuant to chapter 43 of such title; and “(vii) may be removed, suspended, furloughed, or reduced in grade or pay only for good cause established and determined by the Merit Systems Protection Board on the record after opportunity for hearing by such Board; “(8) ‘reviewing official’ means any officer or employee of an authority— “(A) who is designated by the authority head to make the determination required under section 3803(a)(2) of this title; “(B) who, if a member of the Armed Forces of the United States on active duty, is serving in grade O–7 or above or, if a civilian employee, is serving in a position for which the rate of basic pay is not less than the minimum rate of basic 5 USC 5331. pay for grade GS–16 under the General Schedule; and “(C) who is— “(i) not subject to supervision by, or required to report to, the investigating official; and “(ii) not employed in the organizational unit of the authority in which the investigating official is employed; and “(9) ‘statement’ means any representation, certification, affirmation, document, record, or accounting or bookkeeping entry made— “(A) with respect to a claim or to obtain the approval or payment of a claim (including relating to eligibility to make a claim); or “(B) with respect to (including relating to eligibility for)— “(i) a contract with, or a bid or proposal for a contract with; or (ii) a grant, loan, or benefit from, an authority, or any State, political subdivision of a State, or other party, if the United States Government provides any portion of the money or property under such contract or for such grant, loan, or benefit, or if the Government will reimburse such State, political subdivision, or party for any portion of the money or property under such contract or for such grant, loan, or benefit, except that such term does not include any statement made in any return of tax imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1954. Post, p. 2095. “(b) For purposes of paragraph (3) of subsection (a)— “(1) each voucher, invoice, claim form, or other individual request or demand for property, services, or money constitutes a separate claim; “(2) each claim for property, services, or money is subject to this chapter regardless of whether such property, services, or money is actually delivered or paid; and “(3) a claim shall be considered made, presented, or submitted to an authority, recipient, or party when such claim is actually made to an agent, fiscal intermediary, or other entity, including any State or political subdivision thereof, acting for or on behalf of such authority, recipient, or party. “(c) For purposes of paragraph (9) of subsection (a)— “(1) each written representation, certification, or affirmation constitutes a separate statement; and “(2) a statement shall be considered made, presented, or submitted to an authority when such statement is actually made to an agent, fiscal intermediary, or other entity, including any State or political subdivision thereof, acting for or on behalf of such authority. “§ 3802. False claims and statements; liability “(a) (1) Any person who makes, presents, or submits, or causes to be made, presented, or submitted, a claim that the person knows or has reason to know— “(A) is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; “(B) includes or is supported by any written statement which asserts a material fact which is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; “(C) includes or is supported by any written statement that— “(i) omits a material fact; “(ii) is false, fictitious, or fraudulent as a result of such omission; and “(iii) is a statement in which the person making, presenting, or submitting such statement has a duty to include such material fact; or “(D) is for payment for the provision of property or services which the person has not provided as claimed, shall be subject to, in addition to any other remedy that may be prescribed by law, a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each such claim. Except as provided in paragraph (3) of this subsection, such person shall also be subject to an assessment, in lieu of damages sustained by the United States because of such claim, of not more than twice the amount of such claim, or the portion of such claim, which is determined under this chapter to be in violation of the preceding sentence. “(2) Any person who makes, presents, or submits, or causes to be made, presented, or submitted, a written statement that— “(A) the person knows or has reason to know— “(i) asserts a material fact which is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; or “(ii) (I) omits a material fact; and “(II) is false, fictitious, or fraudulent as a result of such omission; “(B) in the case of a statement described in clause (ii) of subparagraph (A), is a statement in which the person making, presenting, or submitting such statement has a duty to include such material fact; and “(C) contains or is accompanied by an express certification or affirmation of the truthfulness and accuracy of the contents of the statement, shall be subject to, in addition to any other remedy that may be prescribed by law, a civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each such statement. “(3) An assessment shall not be made under the second sentence of paragraph (1) with respect to a claim if payment by the Government has not been made on such claim. “(b) (1) Except as provided in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection— “(A) a determination under section 3803(a)(2) of this title that there is adequate evidence to believe that a person is liable under subsection (a) of this section; or “(B) a determination under section 3803 of this title that a person is liable under subsection (a) of this section, Contracts. may provide the authority with grounds for commencing any administrative or contractual action against such person which is authorized by law and which is in addition to any action against such person under this chapter. “(2) A determination referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection may be used by the authority, but shall not require such authority, to commence any administrative or contractual action which is authorized by law. “(3) In the case of an administrative or contractual action to suspend or debar any person who is eligible to enter into contracts with the Federal Government, a determination referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not be considered as a conclusive determination of such person’s responsibility pursuant to Federal procurement laws and regulations. “§ 3803. Hearing and determinations “(a) (1) The investigating official of an authority may investigate Reports. Ante, p. 1937. allegations that a person is liable under section 3802 of this title and shall report the findings and conclusions of such investigation to the reviewing official of the authority. The preceding sentence does not modify any responsibility of an investigating official to report violations of criminal law to the Attorney General. “(2) If the reviewing official of an authority determines, based upon the report of the investigating official under paragraph (1) of this subsection, that there is adequate evidence to believe that a person is liable under section 3802 of this title, the reviewing official shall transmit to the Attorney General a written notice of the intention of such official to refer the allegations of such liability to a presiding officer of such authority. Such notice shall include— “(A) a statement of the reasons of the reviewing official for the referral of such allegations; “(B) a statement specifying the evidence which supports such allegations; “(C) a description of the claims or statements for which liability under section 3802 of this title is alleged; “(D) an estimate of the amount of money or the value of property or services requested or demanded in violation of section 3802 of this title; and “(E) a statement of any exculpatory or mitigating circumstances which may relate to such claims or statements. “(b) (1) Within 90 days after receipt of a notice from a reviewing official under paragraph (2) of subsection (a), the Attorney General or an Assistant Attorney General designated by the Attorney General shall transmit a written statement to the reviewing official which specifies— “(A) that the Attorney General or such Assistant Attorney General approves or disapproves the referral to a presiding officer of the allegations of liability stated in such notice; “(B) in any case in which the referral of allegations is approved, that the initiation of a proceeding under this section with respect to such allegations is appropriate; and “(C) in any case in which the referral of allegations is disapproved, the reasons for such disapproval. “(2) A reviewing official may refer allegations of liability to a presiding officer only if the Attorney General or an Assistant Attorney General designated by the Attorney General approves the referral of such allegations in a written statement described in paragraph (1) of this subsection. “(3) If the Attorney General or an Assistant Attorney General designated by the Attorney General transmits to an authority head a written finding that the continuation of any hearing under this section with respect to a claim or statement may adversely affect any pending or potential criminal or civil action related to such claim or statement, such hearing shall be immediately stayed and may be resumed only upon written authorization of the Attorney General. “(c) (1) No allegations of liability under section 3802 of this title with respect to any claim made, presented, or submitted by any person shall be referred to a presiding officer under paragraph (2) of subsection (b) if the reviewing official determines that— “(A) an amount of money in excess of $150,000; or “(B) property or services with a value in excess of $150,000, Ante, p. 1937. is requested or demanded in violation of section 3802 of this title in such claim or in a group of related claims which are submitted at the time such claim is submitted. “(2) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, no allegations of liability against an individual under section 3802 of this title with respect to any claim or statement made, presented, or submitted, or caused to be made, presented, or submitted, by such individual relating to any benefits received by such individual shall be referred to a presiding officer under paragraph (2) of subsection (b). “(B) Allegations of liability against an individual under section 3802 of this title with respect to any claim or statement made, presented, or submitted, or caused to be made, presented, or submitted, by such individual relating to any benefits received by such individual may be referred to a presiding officer under paragraph (2) of subsection (b) if— “(i) such claim or statement is made by such individual in making application for such benefits; “(ii) such allegations relate to the eligibility of such individual to receive such benefits; and “(iii) with respect to such claim or statement, the individual— “(I) has actual knowledge that the claim or statement is false, fictitious, or fraudulent; “(II) acts in deliberate ignorance of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement; or “(III) acts in reckless disregard of the truth or falsity of the claim or statement. “(C) For purposes of this subsection, the term ‘benefits’ means— “(i) benefits under the supplemental security income program 42 USC 1381. under title XVI of the Social Security Act; “(ii) old age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits under 42 USC 401. 42 USC 1395. 45 USC 797, 797 note. 42 USC 602. title II of the Social Security Act; “(iii) benefits under title XVIII of the Social Security Act; “(iv) aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved under section 402(a) of the Social Security Act; “(v) medical assistance under a State plan approved under 42 USC 1396a. section 1902(a) of the Social Security Act; “(vi) benefits under title XX of the Social Security Act; “(vii) benefits under the food stamp program (as defined in 7 USC 2012. 38 USC 301 et seq.–601 et seq., 801 et seq. section 3(h) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977); “(viii) benefits under chapters 11,13,15, 17, and 21 of title 38; “(ix) benefits under the Black Lung Benefits Act; “(x) benefits under the special supplemental food program for women, infants, and children established under section 17 of the 42 USC 1786. Child Nutrition Act of 1966; “(xi) benefits under section 336 of the Older Americans Act; “(xii) any annuity or other benefit under the Railroad Retirement 45 USC 231t. Act of 1974; “(xiii) benefits under the National School Lunch Act; “(xiv) benefits under any housing assistance program for lower income families or elderly or handicapped persons which is administered by the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development or the Secretary of Agriculture; “(xv) benefits under the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance 42 USC 8621 note. Act of 1981; and “(xvi) benefits under part A of the Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings Act of 1976, 42 USC 6861. which are intended for the personal use of the individual who receives the benefits or for a member of the individual’s family. “(d) (1) On or after the date on which a reviewing official is permitted to refer allegations of liability to a presiding officer under subsection (b) of this section, the reviewing official shall mail, by registered or certified mail, or shall deliver, a notice to the person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title. Such notice shall Ante, p. 1937. specify the allegations of liability against such person and shall state the right of such person to request a hearing with respect to such allegations. “(2) If, within 30 days after receiving a notice under paragraph (1) of this subsection, the person receiving such notice requests a hearing with respect to the allegations contained in such notice— “(A) the reviewing official shall refer such allegations to a presiding officer for the commencement of such hearing; and “(B) the presiding officer shall commence such hearing by mailing by registered or certified mail, or by delivery of, a notice which complies with paragraphs (2)(A) and (3)(B)(i) of subsection (g) to such person. “(e) (1) (A) Except as provided in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph, Records. at any time after receiving a notice under paragraph (2)(B) of subsection (d), the person receiving such notice shall be entitled to review, and upon payment of a reasonable fee for duplication, shall be entitled to obtain a copy of, all relevant and material documents, transcripts, records, and other materials, which relate to such allegations and upon which the findings and conclusions of the investigating official under paragraph (1) of subsection (a) are based. “(B) A person is not entitled under subparagraph (A) to review and obtain a copy of any document, transcript, record, or material which is privileged under Federal law. “(2) At any time after receiving a notice under paragraph (2)(B) of subsection (d), the person receiving such notice shall be entitled to obtain all exculpatory information in the possession of the investigating official or the reviewing official relating to the allegations contained in such notice. The provisions of subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) do not apply to any document, transcript, record, or other material, or any portion thereof, in which such exculpatory information is contained. “(f) Any hearing commenced under paragraph (2) of subsection (d) Records. shall be conducted by the presiding officer on the record in order to determine— “(1) the liability of a person under section 3802 of this title; and “(2) if a person is determined to be liable under such section, the amount of any civil penalty or assessment to be imposed on such person. Any such determination shall be based on the preponderance of the evidence. “(g) (1) Each hearing under subsection (f) of this section shall be conducted— “(A) in the case of an authority to which the provisions of subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5 apply, in accordance with— 5 USC 551 et seq. “(i) the provisions of such subchapter to the extent that such provisions are not inconsistent with the provisions of this chapter; and “(ii) procedures promulgated by the authority head under paragraph (3) of this subsection; or “(B) in the case of an authority to which the provisions of such subchapter do not apply, in accordance with procedures promulgated by the authority head under paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection. “(2) An authority head of an authority described in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (1) shall by regulation promulgate procedures for the conduct of hearings under this chapter. Such procedures shall include: “(A) The provision of written notice of the hearing to any Ante, p. 1937. person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title, including written notice of— “(i) the time, place, and nature of the hearing; “(ii) the legal authority and jurisdiction under which the hearing is to be held; and “(iii) the matters of facts and law to be asserted. “(B) The provision to any person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title of opportunities for the submission of facts, arguments, offers of settlement, or proposals of adjustment. “(C) Procedures to ensure that the presiding officer shall not, except to the extent required for the disposition of ex parte matters as authorized by law— “(i) consult a person or party on a fact in issue, unless on notice and opportunity for all parties to the hearing to participate; or “(ii) be responsible to or subject to the supervision or direction of the investigating official or the reviewing official. “(D) Procedures to ensure that the investigating official and the reviewing official do not participate or advise in the decision required under subsection (h) of this section or the review of the decision by the authority head under subsection (i) of this section, except as provided in subsection (j) of this section. “(E) The provision to any person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title of opportunities to present such person’s case through oral or documentary evidence, to submit rebuttal evidence, and to conduct such cross-examination as may be required for a full and true disclosure of the facts. “(F) Procedures to permit any person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title to be accompanied, represented, and advised by counsel or such other qualified representative as the authority head may specify in such regulations. “(G) Procedures to ensure that the hearing is conducted in an impartial manner, including procedures to— “(i) permit the presiding officer to at any time disqualify himself; and “(ii) permit the filing, in good faith, of a timely and sufficient affidavit alleging personal bias or another reason for disqualification of a presiding officer or a reviewing official. “(3) (A) Each authority head shall promulgate by regulation procedures described in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph for the conduct of hearings under this chapter. Such procedures shall be in addition to the procedures described in paragraph (1) or paragraph (2) of this subsection, as the case may be. “(B) The procedures referred to in subparagraph (A) of this paragraph are: “(i) Procedures for the inclusion, in any written notice of a hearing under this section to any person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title, of a description of the procedures Ante, p. 1937. for the conduct of the hearing. “(ii) Procedures to permit discovery by any person alleged to Records. be liable under section 3802 of this title only to the extent that the presiding officer determines that such discovery is necessary for the expeditious, fair, and reasonable consideration of the issues, except that such procedures shall not apply to documents, transcripts, records, or other material which a person is entitled to review under paragraph (1) of subsection (e) or to information to which a person is entitled under paragraph (2) of such subsection. Procedures promulgated under this clause shall prohibit the discovery of the notice required under subsection (a)(2) of this section. “(4) Each hearing under subsection (f) of this section shall be held— “(A) in the judicial district of the United States in which the person alleged to be liable under section 3802 of this title resides or transacts business; “(B) in the judicial district of the United States in which the claim or statement upon which the allegation of liability under such section was made, presented, or submitted; or “(C) in such other place as may be agreed upon by such person and the presiding officer who will conduct such hearing. “(h) The presiding officer shall issue a written decision, including findings and determinations, after the conclusion of the hearing. Such decision shall include the findings of fact and conclusions of law which the presiding officer relied upon in determining whether a person is liable under this chapter. The presiding officer shall promptly send to each party to the hearing a copy of such decision and a statement describing the right of any person determined to be liable under section 3802 of this title to appeal the decision of the presiding officer to the authority head under paragraph (2) of subsection (i). “(i) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection and section 3805 of this title, the decision, including the findings and Post, p. 1944. determinations, of the presiding officer issued under subsection (h) of this section are final. “(2) (A) (i) Except as provided in clause (ii) of this subparagraph, within 30 days after the presiding officer issues a decision under subsection (h) of this section, any person determined in such decision to be liable under section 3802 of this title may appeal such decision to the authority head. “(ii) If, within the 30-day period described in clause (i) of this subparagraph, a person determined to be liable under this chapter requests the authority head for an extension of such 30-day period to file an appeal of a decision issued by the presiding officer under subsection (h) of this section, the authority head may extend such period if such person demonstrates good cause for such extension. “(B) Any authority head reviewing under this section the decision, findings, and determinations of a presiding officer shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to subsection (f) of this section unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objec-tion. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the authority head that additional evidence not presented at such hearing is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at such hearing, the authority head shall remand the matter to the presiding officer for consideration of such additional evidence. “(C) The authority head may affirm, reduce, reverse, compromise, remand, or settle any penalty or assessment determined by the presiding officer pursuant to this section. The authority head shall promptly send to each party to the appeal a copy of the decision of the authority head and a statement describing the right of any Ante, p. 1937. Infra. person determined to be liable under section 3802 of this title to judicial review under section 3805 of this title. “(j) The reviewing official has the exclusive authority to compromise or settle any allegations of liability under section 3802 of this title against a person without the consent of the presiding officer at any time after the date on which the reviewing official is permitted to refer allegations of liability to a presiding officer under subsection (b) of this section and prior to the date on which the presiding officer issues a decision under subsection (h) of this section. Any such compromise or settlement shall be in writing. “§ 3804. Subpoena authority “(a) For the purposes of an investigation under section 3803(a)(1) of this title, an investigating official is authorized to require by subpoena the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and data not otherwise reasonably available to the authority. “(b) For the purposes of conducting a hearing under section 3803(f) of this title, a presiding officer is authorized— “(1) to administer oaths or affirmations; and “(2) to require by subpoena the attendance and testimony of witnesses and the production of all information, documents, reports, answers, records, accounts, papers, and other data and documentary evidence which the presiding officer considers relevant and material to the hearing. “(c) In the case of contumacy or refusal to obey a subpoena issued pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of this section, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to issue an appropriate order for the enforcement of any such subpoena. Any failure to obey such order of the court is punishable by such court as contempt. In any case in which an authority seeks the enforcement of a subpoena issued pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of this section, the authority shall request the Attorney General to petition any district court in which a hearing under this chapter is being conducted, or in which the person receiving the subpoena resides or conducts business, to issue such an order. “§ 3805. Judicial review “(a) (1) A determination by a reviewing official under section 3803 of this title shall be final and shall not be subject to judicial review. “(2) Unless a petition is filed under this section, a determination under section 3803 of this title that a person is liable under section 3802 of this title shall be final and shall not be subject to judicial review. “(b) (1) (A) Any person who has been determined to be liable under section 3802 or this title pursuant to section 3803 of this title may Ante, pp. 1937, 1939. obtain review of such determination in— “(i) the United States district court for the district in which such person resides or transacts business; “(ii) the United States district court for the district in which the claim or statement upon which the determination of liability is based was made, presented, or submitted; or “(iii) the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. “(B) Such review may be obtained by filing in any such court a written petition that such determination be modified or set aside. Such petition shall be filed— “(i) only after such person has exhausted all administrative remedies under this chapter; and “(ii) within 60 days after the date on which the authority head sends such person a copy of the decision of such authority head under section 3803(i)(2) of this title. “(2) The clerk of the court shall transmit a copy of a petition filed Records. under paragraph (1) of this subsection to the authority and to the Attorney General. Upon receipt of the copy of such petition, the authority shall transmit to the Attorney General the record in the proceeding resulting in the determination of liability under section 3802 of this title. Except as otherwise provided in this section, the district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to review the decision, findings, and determinations in issue and to affirm, modify, remand for further consideration, or set aside, in whole or in part, the decision, findings, and determinations of the authority, and to enforce such decision, findings, and determinations to the extent that such decision, findings, and determinations are affirmed or modified. “(c) The decisions, findings, and determinations of the authority Records. with respect to questions of fact shall be final and conclusive, and shall not be set aside unless such decisions, findings, and determinations are found by the court to be unsupported by substantial evidence. In concluding whether the decisions, findings, and determinations of an authority are unsupported by substantial evidence, the court shall review the whole record or those parts of it cited by a party, and due account shall be taken of the rule of prejudicial error. “(d) Any district court reviewing under this section the decision, findings, and determinations of an authority shall not consider any objection that was not raised in the hearing conducted pursuant to section 3803(f) of this title unless a demonstration is made of extraordinary circumstances causing the failure to raise the objection. If any party demonstrates to the satisfaction of the court that additional evidence not presented at such hearing is material and that there were reasonable grounds for the failure to present such evidence at such hearing, the court shall remand the matter to the authority for consideration of such additional evidence. “(e) Upon a final determination by the district court that a person is liable under section 3802 of this title, the court shall enter a final judgment for the appropriate amount in favor of the United States. “§ 3806. Collection of civil penalties and assessments “(a) The Attorney General shall be responsible for judicial enforcement of any civil penalty or assessment imposed pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. “(b) Any penalty or assessment imposed in a determination which has become final pursuant to this chapter may be recovered in a civil action brought by the Attorney General. In any such action, no matter that was raised or that could have been raised in a hearing Ante, p. 1939. Ante, p. 1944. conducted under section 3803(f) of this title or pursuant to judicial review under section 3805 of this title may be raised as a defense, and the determination of liability and the determination of amounts of penalties and assessments shall not be subject to review. “(c) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of any action commenced by the United States under subsection (b) of this section. “(d) Any action under subsection (b) of this section may, without regard to venue requirements, be joined and consolidated with or asserted as a counterclaim, cross-claim, or setoff by the United States in any other civil action which includes as parties the United States and the person against whom such action may be brought. “(e) The United States Claims Court shall have jurisdiction of any action under subsection (b) of this section to recover any penalty or assessment if the cause of action is asserted by the United States as a counterclaim in a matter pending in such court. “(f) The Attorney General shall have exclusive authority to compromise or settle any penalty or assessment the determination of which is the subject of a pending petition pursuant to section 3805 of this title or a pending action to recover such penalty or assessment pursuant to this section. “(g) (1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, any amount of penalty or assessment collected under this chapter shall be deposited as miscellaneous receipts in the Treasury of the United States. “(2) (A) Any amount of a penalty or assessment imposed by the United States Postal Service under this chapter shall be deposited in the Postal Service Fund established by section 2003 of title 39. “(B) Any amount of a penalty or assessment imposed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under this chapter with respect to a claim or statement made in connection with old age and 42 USC 401. survivors benefits under title II of the Social Security Act shall be deposited in the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance Trust Fund. “(C) Any amount of a penalty or assessment imposed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under this chapter with respect to a claim or statement made in connection with disability benefits under title II of the Social Security Act shall be deposited in the Federal Disability Insurance Trust Fund. “(D) Any amount of a penalty or assessment imposed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under this chapter with respect to a claim or statement made in connection with benefits 42 USC 1395c. under part A of title XVIII of the Social Security Act shall be deposited in the Federal Hospital Insurance Trust Fund. “(E) Any amount of a penalty or assessment imposed by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under this chapter with respect to a claim or statement made in connection with benefits 42 USC 1395j. under part B of title XVIII of the Social Security Act shall be deposited in the Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Fund. “§ 3807. Right to administrative offset “(a) The amount of any penalty or assessment which has become Taxes. Ante, p. 1939. Ante, pp. 1944, 1945. final under section 3803 of this title, or for which a judgment has been entered under section 3805(e) or 3806 of this title, or any amount agreed upon in a settlement or compromise under section 3803(j) or 3806(f) of this title, may be collected by administrative offset under section 3716 of this title, except that an administrative offset may not be made under this subsection against a refund of an overpayment of Federal taxes, then or later owing by the United States to the person liable for such penalty or assessment. “(b) All amounts collected pursuant to this section shall be remitted to the Secretary of the Treasury for deposit in accordance with section 3806(g) of this title. “§ 3808. Limitations “(a) A hearing under section 3803(d)(2) of this title with respect to a claim or statement shall be commenced within 6 years after the date on which such claim or statement is made, presented, or submitted. “(b) A civil action to recover a penalty or assessment under section 3806 of this title shall be commenced within 3 years after the date on which the determination of liability for such penalty or assessment becomes final. “(c) If at any time during the course of proceedings brought pursuant to this chapter the authority head receives or discovers any specific information regarding bribery, gratuities, conflict of interest, or other corruption or similar activity in relation to a false claim or statement, the authority head shall immediately report such information to the Attorney General, and in the case of an authority in which an Office of Inspector General is established by the Inspector General Act of 1978 or by any other Federal law, to 5 USC app. the Inspector General of that authority. “§ 3809. Regulations “Within 180 days after the date of enactment of this chapter, each authority head shall promulgate rules and regulations necessary to implement the provisions of this chapter. Such rules and regulations shall— “(1) ensure that investigating officials and reviewing officials are not responsible for conducting the hearing required in section 3803(f) of this title, making the determinations required by subsections (f) and (h) of section 3803 of this title, or making collections under section 3806 of this title; and “(2) require a reviewing official to include in any notice required by section 3803(a)(2) of this title a statement which specifies that the reviewing official has determined that there is a reasonable prospect of collecting, from a person with respect to whom the reviewing official is referring allegations of liability in such notice, the amount for which such person may be liable. “§ 3810. Reports “Not later than October 31 of each year, each authority head shall prepare and transmit to the appropriate committees and subcommittees of the Congress an annual report summarizing actions taken under this chapter during the most recent 12-month period ending the previous September 30. Such report shall include— “(1) a summary of matters referred by the investigating official of the authority to the reviewing official of the authority Ante, p. 1939. under section 3803(a)(1) of this title during such period; “(2) a summary of matters transmitted to the Attorney General under section 3803(a)(2) of this title during such period; “(3) a summary of all hearings conducted by presiding officers under section 3803(f) of this title, and the results of such hearings, during such period; and “(4) a summary of the actions taken during such period to collect any civil penalty or assessment imposed under this chapter. “§ 3811. Effect on other law “(a) This chapter does not diminish the responsibility of any 44 USC 3501 et seq. agency to comply with the provisions of chapter 35 of title 44. “(b) This chapter does not supersede the provisions of section 3512 of title 44. “(c) For purposes of this section, the term ‘agency’ has the same meaning as in section 3502(1) of title 44. “§ 3812. Prohibition against delegation “Any function, duty, or responsibility which this chapter specifies be carried out by the Attorney General or an Assistant Attorney General designated by the Attorney General, shall not be delegated to, or carried out by, any other officer or employee of the Department of Justice.”.

2. 1994

   Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–448 title II § 204(w)(2)(C) · 108 Stat. 4699

   Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(x)

   Pub. L. 103–448 substituted “special supplemental nutrition program” for “special supplemental food program”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(2)(C)(x). Pub. L. 103–448 substituted “special supplemental nutrition program” for “special supplemental food program”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (C) Section 3803(c)(2)(C)(x) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking “special supplemental food program” and inserting “special supplemental nutrition program”.

3. 1996

   Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–193 title I § 110 · 110 Stat. 2105

   Amended · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(iv)

   Pub. L. 104–193 amended cl. (iv) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iv) read as follows: “aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved under section 402(a) of the Social Security Act;”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(2)(C)(iv). Pub. L. 104–193 amended cl. (iv) generally. Prior to amendment, cl. (iv) read as follows: “aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved under section 402(a) of the Social Security Act;”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 110. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO OTHER LAWS. (a) Subsection (b) of section 508 of the Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1976 (42 U.S.C. 603a; Public Law 94–566; 90 Stat. 2689) is amended to read as follows: “(b) Provision for Reimbursement of Expenses.— For purposes of section 455 of the Social Security Act, expenses incurred to reimburse State employment offices for furnishing information requested of such offices— “(1) pursuant to the third sentence of section 3(a) of the Act entitled ‘An Act to provide for the establishment of a national employment system and for cooperation with the States in the promotion of such system, and for other purposes’, approved June 6, 1933 (29 U.S.C. 49b(a)), or “(2) by a State or local agency charged with the duty of carrying a State plan for child support approved under part D of title IV of the Social Security Act, shall be considered to constitute expenses incurred in the administration of such State plan ”. (b) Section 9121 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (42 U.S.C. 602 note) is repealed. (c) Section 9122 of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (42 U.S.C. 602 note) is repealed. (d) Section 221 of the Housing and Urban-Rural Recovery Act of 1983 (42 U.S.C. 602 note), relating to treatment under AFDC of certain rental payments for federally assisted housing, is repealed. (e) Section 159 of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 (42 U.S.C. 602 note) is repealed. (f) Section 202(d) of the Social Security Amendments of 1967 (81 Stat. 882; 42 U.S.C. 602 note) is repealed. (g) Section 903 of the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Amendments Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 11381 note), relating to demonstration projects to reduce number of AFDC families in welfare hotels, is amended— (1) in subsection (a), by striking “aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved” and inserting “assistance under a State program funded”, and (2) in subsection (c), by striking “aid to families with dependent children in the State under a State plan approved” and inserting “assistance in the State under a State program funded”. (h) The Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 404C(c)(3) (20 U.S.C. 1070a–23(c)(3)), by striking “(Aid to Families with Dependent Children)”; and (2) in section 480(b)(2) (20 U.S.C. 1087w(b)(2)), by striking “aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved” and inserting “assistance under a State program funded”. (i) The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act (20 U.S.C. 2301 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 231(d)(3)(A)(ii) (20 U.S.C. 2341(d)(3)(A)(ii)), by striking “The program for aid to dependent children” and inserting “Die State program funded”; (2) in section 232(b)(2)(B) (20 U.S.C. 2341a(b)(2)(B)), by striking “the program for aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “the State program funded”; and (3) in section 521(14)(B)(iii) (20 U.S.C. 2471(14)(B)(iii)), by striking “the program for aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “the State program funded”. (j) The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2701 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 1113(a)(5) (20 U.S.C. 6313(a)(5)), by striking “Aid to Families with Dependent Children program” and inserting “State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act”; (2) in section 1124(c)(5) (20 U.S.C. 6333(c)(5)), by striking “the program of aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved under” and inserting “a State program funded under part A of”; and (3) in section 5203(b)(2) (20 U.S.C. 7233(b)(2))— (A) in subparagraph (A)(xi), by striking “Aid to Families with Dependent Children benefits” and inserting “assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act”; and (B) in subparagraph (B)(viii), by striking “Aid to Families with Dependent Children” and inserting “assistance under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act”. (k) The 4th proviso of chapter VII of title I of Public Law 99–88 (25 U.S.C. 13d–1) is amended to read as follows: “Provided further, That general assistance payments made by the Bureau of Indian Affairs shall be made— “(1) after April 29, 1985, and before October 1, 1995, on the basis of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) standards of need; and “(2) on and after October 1, 1995, on the basis of standards of need established under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act, except that where a State ratably reduces its AFDC or State program payments, the Bureau shall reduce general assistance pay-ments in such State by the same percentage as the State has reduced the AFDC or State program payment.”. (l) The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 51(d)(9) (26 U.S.C. 51(d)(9)), by striking all that follows “agency as” and inserting “being eligible for financial assistance under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act and as having continually received such financial assistance during the 90-day period which immediately precedes the date on which such individual is hired by the employer.”; (2) in section 3304(a)(16) (26 U.S.C. 3304(a)(16)), by striking “eligibility for aid or services,” and all that follows through “children approved” and inserting “eligibility for assistance, or the amount of such assistance, under a State program funded”; (3) in section 6103(l)(7)(D)(i) (26 U.S.C. 6103(l)(7)(D)(i)), by striking “aid to families with dependent children provided under a State plan approved” and inserting “a State program funded”; (4) in section 6103(l)(10) (26 U.S.C. 6103(l)(10),— (A) by striking “(c) or (d)” each place it appears and inserting “(c), (d), or (e)”; and (B) by adding at the end of subparagraph (B) the following new sentence: “Any return information disclosed with respect to section 6402(e) shall only be disclosed to officers and employees of the State agency requesting such information.”; (5) in section 6103(p)(4) (26 U.S.C. 6103(p)(4)), in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)— (A) by striking “(5), (10)” and inserting “(5)”; and (B) by striking “(9), or (12)” and inserting “(9), (10), or (12)”; (6) in section 6334(a)(11)(A) (26 U.S.C. 6334(a)(11)(A)), by striking “(relating to aid to families with dependent children)”; (7) in section 6402 (26 U.S.C. 6402)— (A) in subsection (a), by striking “(c) and (d)” and inserting “(c), (d), and (e)”; (B) by redesignating subsections (e) through (i) as subsections (f) through (j), respectively; and (C) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: “(e) Collection of Overpayments Under Title IV-A of the Social Security Act.— The amount of any overpayment to be refunded to the person making the overpayment shall be reduced (after reductions pursuant to subsections (c) and (d), but before a credit against future liability for an internal revenue tax) in accordance with section 405(e) of the Social Security Act (concerning recovery of overpayments to individuals under State plans approved under part A of title IV of such Act).”; and (8) in section 7523(b)(3)(C) (26 U.S.C. 7523(b)(3)(C)), by striking “aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act”. (m) Section 3(b) of the Wagner-Peyser Act (29 U.S.C. 49b(b)) is amended by striking “State plan approved under part A of title IV” and inserting “State program funded under part A of title IV”. (n) The Job Training Partnership Act (29 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 4(29)(A)(i) (29 U.S.C. 1503(29)(A)(i)), by striking “(42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)”; (2) in section 106(b)(6)(C) (29 U.S.C. 1516(b)(6)(C)), by striking “State aid to families with dependent children records,” and inserting “records collected under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act,”; (3) in section 121(b)(2) (29 U.S.C. 1531(b)(2))— (A) by striking “the JOBS program” and inserting “the work activities required under title IV of the Social Security Act”; and (B) by striking the second sentence; (4) in section 123(c) (29 U.S.C. 1533(c))— (A) in paragraph (1)(E), by repealing clause (vi); and (B) in paragraph (2)(D), by repealing clause (v); (5) in section 203(b)(3) (29 U.S.C. 1603(b)(3)), by striking “, including recipients under the JOBS program”; (6) in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 204(a)(1) (29 U.S.C. 1604(a)(1)(A) and (B)), by striking “(such as the JOBS program)” each place it appears; (7) in section 205(a) (29 U.S.C. 1605(a)), by striking paragraph (4) and inserting the following: “(4) the portions of title IV of the Social Security Act relating to work activities;”; (8) in section 253 (29 U.S.C. 1632)— (A) in subsection (b)(2), by repealing subparagraph (C); and (B) in paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(B) of subsection (c), by striking “the JOBS program or” each place it appears; (9) in section 264 (29 U.S.C. 1644)— (A) in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (b)(1), by striking “(such as the JOBS program)” each place it appears; and (B) in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of subsection (d)(3), by striking “and the JOBS program” each place it appears; (10) in section 265(b) (29 U.S.C. 1645(b)), by striking paragraph (6) and inserting the following: “(6) the portion of title IV of the Social Security Act relating to work activities;”; (11) in the second sentence of section 429(e) (29 U.S.C. 1699(e)), by striking “and shall be in an amount that does not exceed the maximum amount that may be provided by the State pursuant to section 402(g)(1)(C) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 602(g)(1)(O)”; (12) in section 454(c) (29 U.S.C. 1734(c)), by striking “JOBS and”; (13) in section 455(b) (29 U.S.C. 1735(b)), by striking “the JOBS program,”; (14) in section 501(1) (29 U.S.C. 1791(1)), by striking “aid to families with dependent children under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.)” and inserting “assistance under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act”, (15) in section 506(1)(A) (29 U.S.C. 1791e(1)(A)), by striking “aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “assistance under the State program funded”; (16) in section 508(a)(2)(A) (29 U.S.C. 1791g(a)(2)(A)), by striking “aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “assistance under the State program funded”; and (17) in section 701(b)(2)(A) (29 U.S.C. 1792(b)(2)(A))— (A) in clause (v), by striking the semicolon and inserting “; and”; and (B) by striking clause (vi). (o) Section 3803(c)(2)(C)(iv) of title 31, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “(iv) assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act;”. (p) Section 2605(b)(2)(A)(i) of the Low-Income Home Energy Assistance Act of 1981 (42 U.S.C. 8624(b)(2)(A)(i)) is amended to read as follows: “(i) assistance under the State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act;”, (q) Section 303(f)(2) of the Family Support Act of 1988 (42 U.S.C. 602 note) is amended— (1) by striking “(A)”; and (2) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C). (r) The Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (2 U.S.C. 900 et seq.) is amended— (1) in the first section 255(h) (2 U.S.C. 905(h)), by striking “Aid to families with dependent children (75–0412–(P1–609);” and inserting “Block grants to States for temporary assistance for needy families;”; and (2) in section 256 (2 U.S.C. 906)— (A) by striking subsection (k); and (B) by redesignating subsection (1) as subsection (k). (s) The Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 210(f) (8 U.S.C. 1160(f)), by striking “aid under a State plan approved under” each place it appears and inserting “assistance under a State program funded under”; (2) in section 245A(h) (8 U.S.C. 1255a(h))— (A) in paragraph (1)(A)(i), by striking “program of aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “State program of assistance”; and (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking “aid to families with dependent children” and inserting “assistance under a State program funded under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act”; and (3) in section 412(e)(4) (8 U.S.C. 1522(e)(4)), by striking “State plan approved” and inserting “State program funded”. (t) Section 640(a)(4)(B)(i) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)(4)(B)(i)) is amended by striking “program of aid to families with dependent children under a State plan approved” and inserting “State program of assistance funded”. (u) Section 9 of the Act of April 19, 1950 (64 Stat. 47, chapter 92; 25 U.S.C. 639) is repealed. (v) Subparagraph (E) of section 213(d)(6) of the School-To-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 (20 U.S.C. 6143(d)(6)) is amended to read as follows: “(E) part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) relating to work activities;”. (w) Section 552a(a)(8)(B)(iv)(III) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 464 or 1137 of the Social Security Act” and inserting “section 404(e), 464, or 1137 of the Social Security Act”.

4. 1999

   Pub. L. 106–78 title VII § 752(b)(13) · 113 Stat. 1135

   Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(xiii)

   Pub. L. 106–78 substituted “Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act” for “National School Lunch Act”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(2)(C)(xiii). Pub. L. 106–78 substituted “Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act” for “National School Lunch Act”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (13) Section 3803(c)(2)(C)(xiii) of title 31, United States Code.

5. 2008

   Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

   Pub. L. 110–246 § 4115(c)(2)(E) · 122 Stat. 1651

   Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(vii)

   Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(c)(2)(E), substituted “section 3(l)” for “section 3(h)”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(2)(C)(vii). Pub. L. 110–246, § 4115(c)(2)(E), substituted “section 3(l)” for “section 3(h)”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (E) Section 3803(c)(2)(C)(vii) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 3(h)” and inserting “section 3(l)”.

   Effective date note
   Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture. Amendment by sections 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(S), and 4115(c)(2)(E) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

6. 2008

   Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

   Pub. L. 110–246 § 4002(b)(1)(A) · 122 Stat. 1651

   1. Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(vii)

      Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(S), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program”

   2. Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(vii)

      Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(S), substituted “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008” for “Food Stamp Act of 1977”

   Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 110–246, § 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(S), substituted “supplemental nutrition assistance program” for “food stamp program” and “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008” for “Food Stamp Act of 1977”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (A) by striking “food stamp program” each place it appears and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance program”;

   Effective date note
   Amendment of this section and repeal of Pub. L. 110–234 by Pub. L. 110–246 effective May 22, 2008, the date of enactment of Pub. L. 110–234, except as otherwise provided, see section 4 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as an Effective Date note under section 8701 of Title 7, Agriculture. Amendment by sections 4002(b)(1)(A), (B), (2)(S), and 4115(c)(2)(E) of Pub. L. 110–246 effective Oct. 1, 2008, see section 4407 of Pub. L. 110–246, set out as a note under section 1161 of Title 2, The Congress.

7. 2014

   Agricultural Act of 2014

   Pub. L. 113–79 title IV § 4030 · 128 Stat. 649

   Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(2)(C)(vii)

   Pub. L. 113–79 substituted “section 3” for “section 3(l)”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(2)(C)(vii). Pub. L. 113–79 substituted “section 3” for “section 3(l)”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 4030. TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS. (a) Section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012) is amended— (1) in subsection (g), by striking “coupon,” the last place it appears and inserting “coupon”; (2) in subsection (k)(7), by striking “or are” and inserting “and”; (3) by striking subsection (l); (4) by redesignating subsections (m) through (t) as subsections (l) through (s), respectively; and (5) by inserting after subsection (s) (as so redesignated) the following: “(t) ‘Supplemental nutrition assistance program’ means the program operated pursuant to this Act.” . (b) Section 4(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2013(a)) is amended in the last sentence by striking “benefits” and inserting “Benefits”. (c) Section 5 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2014) is amended— (1) in the last sentence of subsection (i)(2)(D), by striking “section 13(b)(2)” and inserting “section 13(b)”; and (2) in subsection (k)(4)(A), by striking “paragraph (2)(H)” and inserting “paragraph (2)(G)”. (d) Section 6(d)(4) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(d)(4)) is amended in subparagraphs (B)(vii) and (F)(iii) by indenting both clauses appropriately. (e) Section 7(h) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2016(h)) is amended by redesignating the second paragraph (12) (relating to interchange fees) as paragraph (13). (f) Section 9(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2018(a)) is amended by indenting paragraph (3) appropriately. (g) Section 12 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2021) is amended— (1) in subsection (b)(3)(C), by striking “civil money penalties” and inserting “civil penalties”; and (2) in subsection (g)(1), by striking “(7 U.S.C. 1786)” and inserting “(42 U.S.C. 1786)”. (h) Section 15(b)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2024(b)(1)) is amended in the first sentence by striking “an benefit” both places it appears and inserting “a benefit”. (i) Section 16(a) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2025(a)) is amended in the proviso following paragraph (8) by striking “as amended.”. (j) Section 18(e) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2027(e)) is amended in the first sentence by striking “sections 7(f)” and inserting “section 7(f)”. (k) Section 22(b)(10)(B)(i) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2031(b)(10)(B)(i)) is amended in the last sentence by striking “Food benefits” and inserting “Benefits”. (l) Section 26(f)(3)(C) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2035(f)(3)(C)) is amended by striking “subsection” and inserting “subsections”. (m) Section 27(a)(1) of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2036(a)(1)) is amended by striking “(Public Law 98–8; 7 U.S.C. 612c note)” and inserting “(7 U.S.C. 7515)”. (n) Section 115 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (21 U.S.C. 862a) is amended— (1) in subsection (a)(2), by striking “food stamp program (as defined in section 3(l) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977) or any State program carried out under the Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance program (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012)) or any State program carried out under that Act”; (2) in subsection (b)(2)— (A) in the paragraph heading, by striking “the food stamp act of 1977” and inserting “the food and nutrition act of 2008”; and (B) by striking “food stamp program (as defined in section 3(l) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977), or any State program carried out under the Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance program (as defined in section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012)), or any State program carried out under that Act”; and (3) in subsection (e)(2), by striking “section 3(s) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977, when referring to the food stamp program (as defined in section 3(l) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977) or any State program carried out under the Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “section 3 of the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2012), when referring to the supplemental nutrition assistance program (as defined in that section) or any State program carried out under that Act”. (o) Section 3803(c)(2)(C)(vii) of title 31 of the United States Code is amended by striking “section 3(l)” and inserting “section 3”. (p) Section 453(j)(10) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 653(j)(10)) is amended in the paragraph heading by striking “food stamp programs” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance program benefits”. (q) Section 1137 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1320b–7)— (1) in subsection (a)(5)(B), by striking “food stamp” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance”; and (2) in subsection (b)(4), by striking “food stamp program under the Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance program established under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008 (7 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.)”. (r) Section 1631(n) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1383) is amended in the subsection heading by striking “Food Stamp” and inserting “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance”. (s) Section 509 of the Older Americans Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 3056g) is amended in the section heading by striking “food stamp programs” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance programs”. (t) Section 4(a) of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93–86) is amended by striking “Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008”. (u) Section 5 of the Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973 (7 U.S.C. 612c note; Public Law 93–86) is amended— (1) in subsection (h)(1), by striking “food stamps” and inserting “the supplemental nutrition assistance program”; (2) in subsection (i)(1), by striking “food stamps provided under the Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “supplemental nutrition assistance benefits provided under the Food and Nutrition Act of 2008”; and (3) in subsection (l)(2)(B), by striking “Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “Food and Nutrition Act of 2008”. (v) Section 4115(c)(2)(H) of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Public Law 110–246; 122 Stat. 1871) 42 USC 654. is amended by striking “531” and inserting “454”.

8. 2024

   Pub. L. 118–159 § 5203(c)(1) · 138 Stat. 2440-2442

   Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(1)(A); 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(1)(B)

   Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(c)(1), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$150,000”

   Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(1)(A), (B). Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(c)(1), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$150,000”.

9. 2024

   Pub. L. 118–159 § 5203(c)(2) · 138 Stat. 2440-2442

   Added · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(c)(3)

   Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(c)(2), added par. (3)

   Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(c)(2), added par. (3).

10. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–159 § 5203(g)(1)(B)(ii) · 138 Stat. 2440-2442

    1. Amended · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(d)(2)(B)

       Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(ii), designated existing provisions as cl. (i)

    2. Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(d)(2)(B)

       Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(ii), substituted “in the case of a referral to a presiding officer described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 3801(a)(7), the presiding” for “the presiding”

    3. Substituted · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(d)(2)(B)

       Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(ii), substituted “person; or” for “person.”

    4. Added · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(d)(2)(B)

       Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(ii), added cl. (ii)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(2)(B). Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(ii), designated existing provisions as cl. (i), substituted “in the case of a referral to a presiding officer described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of section 3801(a)(7), the presiding” for “the presiding” and “person; or” for “person.”, and added cl. (ii)

11. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–159 § 5203(g)(1)(B)(i) · 138 Stat. 2440-2442

    Added · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(d)(2)(C)

    Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(i), (iii), added subpar. (C)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(2)(C). Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(g)(1)(B)(i), (iii), added subpar. (C).

12. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–159 § 5203(f) · 138 Stat. 2440-2442

    1. Amended · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(j)

       Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(f), designated existing provisions as par. (1)

    2. Added · 31 U.S.C. § 3803(j)

       Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(f), added par. (2)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–159 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (j). Pub. L. 118–159, § 5203(f), designated existing provisions as par. (1) and added par. (2).

8 of 17 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 9 unresolved