Title 35 — Patents
Part II · Chapter 14 — Issue of Patent
§ 154. Contents and term of patent; provisional rights
Statutory text
In General.—
Contents.—
Every patent shall contain a short title of the invention and a grant to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, of the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States, and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using, offering for sale or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process, referring to the specification for the particulars thereof.
Term.—
Subject to the payment of fees under this title, such grant shall be for a term beginning on the date on which the patent issues and ending 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, if the application contains a specific reference to an earlier filed application or applications under section 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c), from the date on which the earliest such application was filed.
Priority.—
Priority under section 119, 365(a), 365(b), 386(a), or 386(b) shall not be taken into account in determining the term of a patent.
Specification and drawing.—
A copy of the specification and drawing shall be annexed to the patent and be a part of such patent.
Adjustment of Patent Term.—
Patent term guarantees.—
Guarantee of prompt patent and trademark office responses.—
Subject to the limitations under paragraph (2), if the issue of an original patent is delayed due to the failure of the Patent and Trademark Office to—
provide at least one of the notifications under section 132 or a notice of allowance under section 151 not later than 14 months after—
the date on which an application was filed under section 111(a); or
the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in an international application;
respond to a reply under section 132, or to an appeal taken under section 134, within 4 months after the date on which the reply was filed or the appeal was taken;
act on an application within 4 months after the date of a decision by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board under section 134 or 135 or a decision by a Federal court under section 141, 145, or 146 in a case in which allowable claims remain in the application; or
issue a patent within 4 months after the date on which the issue fee was paid under section 151 and all outstanding requirements were satisfied,
the term of the patent shall be extended 1 day for each day after the end of the period specified in clause (i), (ii), (iii), or (iv), as the case may be, until the action described in such clause is taken.
Guarantee of no more than 3-year application pendency.—
Subject to the limitations under paragraph (2), if the issue of an original patent is delayed due to the failure of the United States Patent and Trademark Office to issue a patent within 3 years after the actual filing date of the application under section 111(a) in the United States or, in the case of an international application, the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in the international application, not including—
any time consumed by continued examination of the application requested by the applicant under section 132(b);
any time consumed by a proceeding under section 135(a), any time consumed by the imposition of an order under section 181, or any time consumed by appellate review by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or by a Federal court; or
any delay in the processing of the application by the United States Patent and Trademark Office requested by the applicant except as permitted by paragraph (3)(C),
the term of the patent shall be extended 1 day for each day after the end of that 3-year period until the patent is issued.
Guarantee of adjustments for delays due to derivation proceedings, secrecy orders, and appeals.—
Subject to the limitations under paragraph (2), if the issue of an original patent is delayed due to—
a proceeding under section 135(a);
the imposition of an order under section 181; or
appellate review by the Patent Trial and Appeal Board or by a Federal court in a case in which the patent was issued under a decision in the review reversing an adverse determination of patentability,
the term of the patent shall be extended 1 day for each day of the pendency of the proceeding, order, or review, as the case may be.
Limitations.—
In general.—
To the extent that periods of delay attributable to grounds specified in paragraph (1) overlap, the period of any adjustment granted under this subsection shall not exceed the actual number of days the issuance of the patent was delayed.
Disclaimed term.—
No patent the term of which has been disclaimed beyond a specified date may be adjusted under this section beyond the expiration date specified in the disclaimer.
Reduction of period of adjustment.—
The period of adjustment of the term of a patent under paragraph (1) shall be reduced by a period equal to the period of time during which the applicant failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude prosecution of the application.
With respect to adjustments to patent term made under the authority of paragraph (1)(B), an applicant shall be deemed to have failed to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude processing or examination of an application for the cumulative total of any periods of time in excess of 3 months that are taken to respond to a notice from the Office making any rejection, objection, argument, or other request, measuring such 3-month period from the date the notice was given or mailed to the applicant.
The Director shall prescribe regulations establishing the circumstances that constitute a failure of an applicant to engage in reasonable efforts to conclude processing or examination of an application.
Procedures for patent term adjustment determination.—
The Director shall prescribe regulations establishing procedures for the application for and determination of patent term adjustments under this subsection.
Under the procedures established under subparagraph (A), the Director shall—
make a determination of the period of any patent term adjustment under this subsection, and shall transmit a notice of that determination no later than the date of issuance of the patent; and
provide the applicant one opportunity to request reconsideration of any patent term adjustment determination made by the Director.
The Director shall reinstate all or part of the cumulative period of time of an adjustment under paragraph (2)(C) if the applicant, prior to the issuance of the patent, makes a showing that, in spite of all due care, the applicant was unable to respond within the 3-month period, but in no case shall more than three additional months for each such response beyond the original 3-month period be reinstated.
The Director shall proceed to grant the patent after completion of the Director’s determination of a patent term adjustment under the procedures established under this subsection, notwithstanding any appeal taken by the applicant of such determination.
Appeal of patent term adjustment determination.—
An applicant dissatisfied with the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration under paragraph (3)(B)(ii) shall have exclusive remedy by a civil action against the Director filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia within 180 days after the date of the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration. Chapter 7 of title 5 shall apply to such action. Any final judgment resulting in a change to the period of adjustment of the patent term shall be served on the Director, and the Director shall thereafter alter the term of the patent to reflect such change.
The determination of a patent term adjustment under this subsection shall not be subject to appeal or challenge by a third party prior to the grant of the patent.
Continuation.—
Determination.—
The term of a patent that is in force on or that results from an application filed before the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act shall be the greater of the 20-year term as provided in subsection (a), or 17 years from grant, subject to any terminal disclaimers.
Remedies.—
The remedies of sections 283, 284, and 285 shall not apply to acts which—
were commenced or for which substantial investment was made before the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act; and
became infringing by reason of paragraph (1).
Remuneration.—
The acts referred to in paragraph (2) may be continued only upon the payment of an equitable remuneration to the patentee that is determined in an action brought under chapter 28 and chapter 29 (other than those provisions excluded by paragraph (2)).
Provisional Rights.—
In general.—
In addition to other rights provided by this section, a patent shall include the right to obtain a reasonable royalty from any person who, during the period beginning on the date of publication of the application for such patent under section 122(b), or in the case of an international application filed under the treaty defined in section 351(a) designating the United States under Article 21(2)(a) of such treaty or an international design application filed under the treaty defined in section 381(a)(1) designating the United States under Article 5 of such treaty, the date of publication of the application, and ending on the date the patent is issued—
makes, uses, offers for sale, or sells in the United States the invention as claimed in the published patent application or imports such an invention into the United States; or
if the invention as claimed in the published patent application is a process, uses, offers for sale, or sells in the United States or imports into the United States products made by that process as claimed in the published patent application; and
had actual notice of the published patent application and, in a case in which the right arising under this paragraph is based upon an international application designating the United States that is published in a language other than English, had a translation of the international application into the English language.
Right based on substantially identical inventions.—
The right under paragraph (1) to obtain a reasonable royalty shall not be available under this subsection unless the invention as claimed in the patent is substantially identical to the invention as claimed in the published patent application.
Time limitation on obtaining a reasonable royalty.—
The right under paragraph (1) to obtain a reasonable royalty shall be available only in an action brought not later than 6 years after the patent is issued. The right under paragraph (1) to obtain a reasonable royalty shall not be affected by the duration of the period described in paragraph (1).
Requirements for international applications.—
Effective date.—
The right under paragraph (1) to obtain a reasonable royalty based upon the publication under the treaty defined in section 351(a) of an international application designating the United States shall commence on the date of publication under the treaty of the international application, or, if the publication under the treaty of the international application is in a language other than English, on the date on which the Patent and Trademark Office receives a translation of the publication in the English language.
Copies.—
The Director may require the applicant to provide a copy of the international application and a translation thereof.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 804 · 66 Stat. 804
Enacted · 35 U.S.C. § 154
July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 804
Source evidence
Code source credit
July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 804Pub. L. 89–83 § 5 · 79 Stat. 259
Added · 35 U.S.C. § 154
Pub. L. 89–83 added “subject to the payment of issue fees as provided for in this title”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 89–83 added “subject to the payment of issue fees as provided for in this title”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 5. Section 154 of title 35, United States Code, is amended by 66 Stat. 804. inserting the words “subject to the payment of issue tees as provided for in this title,” after the words “seventeen years,”.Pub. L. 96–517 § 4 · 94 Stat. 3015
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154
Pub. L. 96–517 substituted “payment of fees” for “payment of issue fees”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 96–517 substituted “payment of fees” for “payment of issue fees”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 4. Section 154 of title 35, United States Code, is amended by deleting the word “issue”.Process Patent Amendments Act of 1988
Pub. L. 100–418 title IX § 9002 · 102 Stat. 1107
Inserted · 35 U.S.C. § 154
Pub. L. 100–418 inserted “and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,” after “United States”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 100–418 inserted “and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,” after “United States”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 9002. RIGHTS OF OWNERS OF PATENTED PROCESSES. Section 154 of title 35, United States Code, is amended by inserting after “United States” the following: “and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,”.Pub. L. 103–465 title V § 532(a)(1) · 108 Stat. 4809
Amended · 35 U.S.C. § 154
Pub. L. 103–465 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Every patent shall contain a short title of the invention and a grant to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, for the term of seventeen years, subject to the payment of fees as provided for in this title, of the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention throughout the United States and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,, referring to the specification for the particulars thereof. A copy of the specification and drawings shall be annexed to the patent and be a part thereof.”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 103–465 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Every patent shall contain a short title of the invention and a grant to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, for the term of seventeen years, subject to the payment of fees as provided for in this title, of the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention throughout the United States and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,, referring to the specification for the particulars thereof. A copy of the specification and drawings shall be annexed to the patent and be a part thereof.”Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Contents and term of patent.— Section 154 of title 35, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§154. Contents and term of patent “(a) In General.— “(1) Contents.— Every patent shall contain a short title of the invention and a grant to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, of the right to exclude others from making, using, offering for sale, or selling the invention throughout the United States or importing the invention into the United States, and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using, offering for sale or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process, referring to the specification for the particulars thereof. “(2) Term.— Subject to the payment of fees under this title, such grant shall be for a term beginning on the date on which the patent issues and ending 20 years from the date on which the application for the patent was filed in the United States or, if the application contains a specific reference to an earlier filed application or applications under section 120, 121, or 365(c) of this title, from the date on which the earliest such application was filed. “(3) Priority.— Priority under section 119, 365(a), or 365(b) of this title shall not be taken into account in determining the term of a patent “(4) Specification and drawing.— A copy of the specification and drawing shall be annexed to the patent and be a part of such patent. “b) Term Extension— “(1) Interference delay or secrecy orders.— If the issue of an original patent is delayed due to a proceeding under section 135(a) of this title, or because the application for patent is placed under an order pursuant to section 181 of this title, the term of the patent shall be extended for the period of delay, but in no case more than 5 years. “(2) Extension for appellate review.— If the issue of a patent is delayed due to appellate review by the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences or by a Federal court and the patent is issued pursuant to a decision in the review reversing an adverse determination of patentability, the term of the patent shall be extended for a period of time but in no case more than 5 years. A patent shall not be eligible for extension under this paragraph if it is subject to a terminal disclaimer due to the issue of another patent claiming subject matter that is not patentably distinct from that under appellate review. “(3) Limitations.— The period of extension referred to in paragraph (2)— “(A) shall include any period beginning on the date on which an appeal is filed under section 134 or 141 of this title, or on which an action is commenced under section 145 of this title, and ending on the date of a final decision in favor of the applicant; “(B) shall be reduced by any time attributable to appellate review before the expiration of 3 years from the filing date of the application for patent; and “(C) shall be reduced for the period of time during which the applicant for patent did not act with due diligence, as determined by the Commissioner. “(4) Length of extension.— The total duration of all extensions of a patent under this subsection shall not exceed 5 years. “(c) Continuation — “(1) Determination.— The term of a patent that is in force on or that results from an application filed before the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act shall be the greater of the 20-year term as provided in subsection (a), or 17 years from grant, subject to any terminal disclaimers. “(2) Remedies.— The remedies of sections 283, 284, and 285 of this title shall not apply to Acts which— “(A) were commenced or for which substantial investment was made before the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act; and “(B) became infringing by reason of paragraph (1). “(3) Remuneration.— The acts referred to in paragraph (2) may be continued only upon the payment of an equitable remuneration to the patentee that is determined in an action brought under chapter 28 and chapter 29 (other than those provisions excluded by paragraph (2)) of this title.”.Miscellaneous Trade and Technical Corrections Act of 1996
Pub. L. 104–295 § 20(e)(1) · 110 Stat. 3514
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(c)(2)
Pub. L. 104–295 substituted “acts” for “Acts” in introductory provisions
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–295 substituted “acts” for “Acts” in introductory provisions.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Section 154(c)(2) of title 35, United States Code, is amended in the matter preceding subparagraph (A) by striking “Acts” and inserting “acts”.District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2000
Pub. L. 106–113 § 1000(a)(9)(tIV)(s4504)(1) · 113 Stat. 1501
Inserted · 35 U.S.C. § 154
Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504(1)], inserted “; provisional rights” after “patent” in section catchline
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504(1)], inserted “; provisional rights” after “patent” in section catchline.District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2000
Pub. L. 106–113 § 1000(a)(9)(tIV)(s4402)(a) · 113 Stat. 1501
Amended · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)
Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4402(a)], amended heading and text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text provided for interference delay or secrecy orders, extensions for appellate review, a limitations period, and a maximum period of 5 years duration for all extensions
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4402(a)], amended heading and text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text provided for interference delay or secrecy orders, extensions for appellate review, a limitations period, and a maximum period of 5 years duration for all extensions.District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 2000
Pub. L. 106–113 § 1000(a)(9)(tIV)(s4504)(2) · 113 Stat. 1501
Added · 35 U.S.C. § 154(d)
Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504(2)], added subsec. (d)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504(2)], added subsec. (d).Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107–273 § 13206(a)(8) · 116 Stat. 1758
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(4)(A)
Pub. L. 107–273, § 13206(a)(8), struck out “, United States Code,” after “title 5”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13206(a)(8), struck out “, United States Code,” after “title 5”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(8) Section 154(b)(4) is amended by striking “, United States Code”.Intellectual Property and High Technology Technical Amendments Act of 2002
Pub. L. 107–273 § 13204 · 116 Stat. 1758
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(d)(4)(A)
Pub. L. 107–273, § 13204, amended subsec. (d)(4)(A) as in effect on Nov. 29, 2000, by substituting “the date of” for “the date on which the Patent and Trademark Office receives a copy of the”
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(d)(4)(A)
Pub. L. 107–273, § 13204, amended subsec. (d)(4)(A) as in effect on Nov. 29, 2000, by substituting “publication in the English language” for “international application in the English language”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13204, amended subsec. (d)(4)(A) as in effect on Nov. 29, 2000, by substituting “the date of” for “the date on which the Patent and Trademark Office receives a copy of the” and “publication in the English language” for “international application in the English language”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 13204. DOMESTIC PUBLICATION OF FOREIGN FILED PATENT APPLICATIONS ACT OF 1999 AMENDMENTS. Section 154(d)(4)(A) of title 35, United States Code, as in effect on November 29, 2000, is amended— (1) by striking “on which the Patent and Trademark Office receives a copy of the” and inserting “of”; and (2) by striking “international application” the last place it appears and inserting “publication”.Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(a)(2)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “365(c)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “365(c)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(a)(3)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “365(b)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “365(b)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(A)(i)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), in introductory provisions, struck out “of this title” after “132” and after “151”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), in introductory provisions, struck out “of this title” after “132” and after “151”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(A)(i)(I)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “111(a)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i)(I). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “111(a)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(A)(i)(II)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “371”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “371”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Pub. L. 112–29 § 3(j)(1) · 125 Stat. 290
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(A)(iii); 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(B)(ii)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(1), substituted “Patent Trial and Appeal Board” for “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii), (B)(ii). Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(1), substituted “Patent Trial and Appeal Board” for “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Sections 134, 145, 146, 154, and 305 of title 35, United States Code, are each amended by striking “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences” each place it appears and inserting “Patent Trial and Appeal Board”.Pub. L. 112–29 § 3(j)(2)(B) · 125 Stat. 290
Amended · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(C)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(2)(B), amended heading generally. Prior to amendment, heading read as follows: “Guarantee or adjustments for delays due to interferences, secrecy orders, and appeals”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(2)(B), amended heading generally. Prior to amendment, heading read as follows: “Guarantee or adjustments for delays due to interferences, secrecy orders, and appeals”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(B) The subparagraph heading for section 154(b)(1)(C) of title 35, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “(C) Guarantee of adjustments for delays due to derivation proceedings, secrecy orders, and appeals.— ” .Pub. L. 112–29 § 3(j)(1) · 125 Stat. 290
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(C)(iii)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(1), substituted “Patent Trial and Appeal Board” for “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(1), substituted “Patent Trial and Appeal Board” for “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) Sections 134, 145, 146, 154, and 305 of title 35, United States Code, are each amended by striking “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences” each place it appears and inserting “Patent Trial and Appeal Board”.Pub. L. 112–29 § 9(a) · 125 Stat. 290
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(4)(A)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 9(a), substituted “United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia” for “United States District Court for the District of Columbia”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–29, § 9(a), substituted “United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia” for “United States District Court for the District of Columbia”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Technical Amendments Relating to Venue.— Sections 32, 145, 146, 154(b)(4)(A), and 293 of title 35, United States Code, and section 21(b)(4) of the Trademark Act of 1946 (15 U.S.C. 1071(b)(4)), are each amended by striking “United States District Court for the District of Columbia” each place that term appears and inserting “United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia”.Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(c)(2)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), in introductory provisions, struck out “of this title” after “285”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), in introductory provisions, struck out “of this title” after “285”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Pub. L. 112–29 § 20(j) · 125 Stat. 290
Struck · 35 U.S.C. § 154(c)(3)
Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “excluded by paragraph (2))”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “excluded by paragraph (2))”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(j) Unnecessary References.— (1) In general.— Title 35, 35 USC 2, 12, 32, 41, 103, 104, 111, 119–123, 132, 135, 143, 145, 146, 154, 157, 162, 172, 182–186, 207, 210, 257, 267. United States Code, is amended by striking “of this title” each place that term appears. (2) Exception.— The amendment made by paragraph (1) shall not apply to the use of such term in the following sections of title 35, United States Code: (A) Section 1(c). (B) Section 101. (C) Subsections (a) and (b) of section 105. (D) The first instance of the use of such term in section 111(b)(8). (E) Section 161. (F) Section 164. (G) Section 171. (H) Section 251(c), as so designated by this section. (I) Section 261. (J) Subsections (g) and (h) of section 271. (K) Section 287(b)(1). (L) Section 289. (M) The first instance of the use of such term in section 375(a).Patent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012
Pub. L. 112–211 § 102(6)(A)(i) · 126 Stat. 1527
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(a)(2)
Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(A)(i), substituted “section 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c)” for “section 120, 121, or 365(c)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(A)(i), substituted “section 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c)” for “section 120, 121, or 365(c)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(i) in paragraph (2), by striking “section 120, 121, or 365(c)” and inserting “section 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c)”; andPatent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012
Pub. L. 112–211 § 102(6)(A)(ii) · 126 Stat. 1527
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(a)(3)
Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(A)(ii), substituted “section 119, 365(a), 365(b), 386(a), or 386(b)” for “section 119, 365(a), or 365(b)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(A)(ii), substituted “section 119, 365(a), 365(b), 386(a), or 386(b)” for “section 119, 365(a), or 365(b)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(ii) in paragraph (3), by striking “section 119, 365(a), or 365(b)” and inserting “section 119, 365(a), 365(b), 386(a), or 386(b)”; andPatent Law Treaties Implementation Act of 2012
Pub. L. 112–211 § 102(6)(B) · 126 Stat. 1527
Inserted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(d)(1)
Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(B), inserted “or an international design application filed under the treaty defined in section 381(a)(1) designating the United States under Article 5 of such treaty” after “Article 21(2)(a) of such treaty” in introductory provisions
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(B), inserted “or an international design application filed under the treaty defined in section 381(a)(1) designating the United States under Article 5 of such treaty” after “Article 21(2)(a) of such treaty” in introductory provisions.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(B) in subsection (d)(1), by inserting “or an international design application filed under the treaty defined in section 381(a)(1) designating the United States under Article 5 of such treaty” after “Article 21(2)(a) of such treaty”;Pub. L. 112–274 § 1(h)(1)(A) · 126 Stat. 2456
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(A)(i)(II)
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(1)(A), which directed substitution of “of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in an international application” for “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371 of this title”, was executed by making the substitution for “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j). See 2011 Amendment note below
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(1)(A), which directed substitution of “of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in an international application” for “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371 of this title”, was executed by making the substitution for “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j). See 2011 Amendment note below.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(A) in subparagraph (A)(i)(II), by striking “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371 of this title” and inserting “of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in an international application”; andEffective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–274 effective Jan. 14, 2013, and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after such date, see section 1(n) of Pub. L. 112–274, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.Pub. L. 112–274 § 1(h)(1)(B) · 126 Stat. 2456
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(1)(B)
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(1)(B), substituted “the application under section 111(a) in the United States or, in the case of an international application, the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in the international application” for “the application in the United States” in introductory provisions
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(1)(B), substituted “the application under section 111(a) in the United States or, in the case of an international application, the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in the international application” for “the application in the United States” in introductory provisions.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(B) in subparagraph (B), in the matter preceding clause (i), by striking “the application in the United States” and inserting “the application under section 111(a) in the United States or, in the case of an international application, the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in the international application”;Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–274 effective Jan. 14, 2013, and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after such date, see section 1(n) of Pub. L. 112–274, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.Pub. L. 112–274 § 1(h)(2) · 126 Stat. 2456
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(3)(B)(i)
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(2), substituted “no later than the date of issuance of the patent” for “with the written notice of allowance of the application under section 151”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(2), substituted “no later than the date of issuance of the patent” for “with the written notice of allowance of the application under section 151”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) in paragraph (3)(B)(i), by striking “with the written notice of allowance of the application under section 151” and inserting “no later than the date of issuance of the patent”; andEffective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–274 effective Jan. 14, 2013, and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after such date, see section 1(n) of Pub. L. 112–274, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.Pub. L. 112–274 § 1(h)(3) · 126 Stat. 2456
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(4)(A)
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(3), substituted “the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration under paragraph (3)(B)(ii) shall have exclusive remedy” for “a determination made by the Director under paragraph (3) shall have remedy”
Substituted · 35 U.S.C. § 154(b)(4)(A)
Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(3), substituted “the date of the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration” for “the grant of the patent”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(3), substituted “the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration under paragraph (3)(B)(ii) shall have exclusive remedy” for “a determination made by the Director under paragraph (3) shall have remedy” and “the date of the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration” for “the grant of the patent”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(3) in paragraph (4)(A)— (A) by striking “a determination made by the Director under paragraph (3) shall have remedy” and inserting “the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration under paragraph (3)(B)(ii) shall have exclusive remedy”; and (B) by striking “the grant of the patent” and inserting “the date of the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration”.Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–274 effective Jan. 14, 2013, and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after such date, see section 1(n) of Pub. L. 112–274, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.
27 of 31 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 4 partial
Notes
Historical and Revision Notes
Based on Title 35, U.S.C., 1946 ed., § 40 (R.S. 4884, amended May 23, 1930, ch. 312, § 1, 46 Stat. 376).
The reference to plants is omitted for inclusion in another section and the reference to the title is shortened since the title is of no legal significance.
The wording of the granting clause is changed to “the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling”, following language used by the Supreme Court, to render the meaning clearer.
“United States” is defined in section 100.
Editorial Notes
References in Text
The date of the enactment of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act, referred to in subsec. (c)(1), (2)(A), is the date of enactment of Pub. L. 103–465, which was approved .
Amendments1965–2013 · 10 rounds
2013
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(1)(A), which directed substitution of “of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in an international application” for “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371 of this title”, was executed by making the substitution for “on which an international application fulfilled the requirements of section 371”, to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j). See 2011 Amendment note below.
Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(1)(B), substituted “the application under section 111(a) in the United States or, in the case of an international application, the date of commencement of the national stage under section 371 in the international application” for “the application in the United States” in introductory provisions.
Subsec. (b)(3)(B)(i). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(2), substituted “no later than the date of issuance of the patent” for “with the written notice of allowance of the application under section 151”.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h)(3), substituted “the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration under paragraph (3)(B)(ii) shall have exclusive remedy” for “a determination made by the Director under paragraph (3) shall have remedy” and “the date of the Director’s decision on the applicant’s request for reconsideration” for “the grant of the patent”.
2012
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(A)(i), substituted “section 120, 121, 365(c), or 386(c)” for “section 120, 121, or 365(c)”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(A)(ii), substituted “section 119, 365(a), 365(b), 386(a), or 386(b)” for “section 119, 365(a), or 365(b)”.
Subsec. (d)(1). Pub. L. 112–211, § 102(6)(B), inserted “or an international design application filed under the treaty defined in section 381(a)(1) designating the United States under Article 5 of such treaty” after “Article 21(2)(a) of such treaty” in introductory provisions.
2011
Subsec. (a)(2). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “365(c)”.
Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “365(b)”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), in introductory provisions, struck out “of this title” after “132” and after “151”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i)(I). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “111(a)”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(i)(II). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “371”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(A)(iii), (B)(ii). Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(1), substituted “Patent Trial and Appeal Board” for “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(C). Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(2)(B), amended heading generally. Prior to amendment, heading read as follows: “Guarantee or adjustments for delays due to interferences, secrecy orders, and appeals”.
Subsec. (b)(1)(C)(iii). Pub. L. 112–29, § 3(j)(1), substituted “Patent Trial and Appeal Board” for “Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences”.
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 112–29, § 9(a), substituted “United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia” for “United States District Court for the District of Columbia”.
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), in introductory provisions, struck out “of this title” after “285”.
Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 112–29, § 20(j), struck out “of this title” after “excluded by paragraph (2))”.
2002
Subsec. (b)(4)(A). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13206(a)(8), struck out “, United States Code,” after “title 5”.
Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 107–273, § 13204, amended subsec. (d)(4)(A) as in effect on , by substituting “the date of” for “the date on which the Patent and Trademark Office receives a copy of the” and “publication in the English language” for “international application in the English language”.
1999
Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504(1)], inserted “; provisional rights” after “patent” in section catchline.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4402(a)], amended heading and text of subsec. (b) generally. Prior to amendment, text provided for interference delay or secrecy orders, extensions for appellate review, a limitations period, and a maximum period of 5 years duration for all extensions.
Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 106–113, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504(2)], added subsec. (d).
1996
Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 104–295 substituted “acts” for “Acts” in introductory provisions.
1994
Pub. L. 103–465 amended section catchline and text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “Every patent shall contain a short title of the invention and a grant to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, for the term of seventeen years, subject to the payment of fees as provided for in this title, of the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention throughout the United States and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,, referring to the specification for the particulars thereof. A copy of the specification and drawings shall be annexed to the patent and be a part thereof.”
1988
Pub. L. 100–418 inserted “and, if the invention is a process, of the right to exclude others from using or selling throughout the United States, or importing into the United States, products made by that process,” after “United States”.
1980
Pub. L. 96–517 substituted “payment of fees” for “payment of issue fees”.
1965
Pub. L. 89–83 added “subject to the payment of issue fees as provided for in this title”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2013 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–274 effective , and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after such date, see section 1(n) of Pub. L. 112–274, set out as a note under section 5 of this title.
Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–211 effective on the later of the date that is 1 year after , or the date that the Geneva Act of the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs enters into force with respect to the United States (), and applicable only to certain applications filed on and after that effective date and patents issuing thereon, see section 103 of Pub. L. 112–211, set out as a note under section 100 of this title.
Effective Date of 2011 Amendment
Amendment by section 3(j)(1), (2)(B) of Pub. L. 112–29 effective upon the expiration of the 18-month period beginning on , and applicable to certain applications for patent and any patents issuing thereon, see section 3(n) of Pub. L. 112–29, set out as an Effective Date of 2011 Amendment; Savings Provisions note under section 100 of this title.
Amendment by section 9(a) of Pub. L. 112–29 effective , and applicable to any civil action commenced on or after that date, see section 9(b) of Pub. L. 112–29, set out as a note under section 1071 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade.
Amendment by section 20(j) of Pub. L. 112–29 effective upon the expiration of the 1-year period beginning on , and applicable to proceedings commenced on or after that effective date, see section 20(l) of Pub. L. 112–29, set out as a note under section 2 of this title.
Effective Date of 1999 Amendment
Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4405(a)], , 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–560, provided that: “The amendments made by sections 4402 and 4404 [amending this section, sections 156 and 282 of this title, and section 1295 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] shall take effect on the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [] and, except for a design patent application filed under chapter 16 of title 35, United States Code, shall apply to any application filed on or after the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act.”
Amendment by section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4504] of Pub. L. 106–113 effective , applicable only to applications (including international applications designating the United States) filed on or after that date, and additionally applicable to any pending application filed before , if such pending application is published pursuant to a request of the applicant under such procedures as may be established by the Director, see section 1000(a)(9) [title IV, § 4508] of Pub. L. 106–113, as amended, set out as a note under section 10 of this title.
Effective Date of 1994 Amendment
Pub. L. 103–465, title V, § 534, , 108 Stat. 4990, provided that:
“(a) In General.—
Subject to subsection (b), the amendments made by this subtitle [subtitle C (§§ 531–534) of title V of Pub. L. 103–465, amending this section and sections 41, 104, 111, 119, 156, 172, 173, 252, 262, 271, 272, 287, 292, 295, 307, 365, and 373 of this title] take effect on the date that is one year after the date on which the WTO Agreement enters into force with respect to the United States [].
“(b) Patent Applications.—
“(1) In general.—
Subject to paragraph (2), the amendments made by section 532 [amending this section and sections 41, 111, 119, 156, 172, 173, 365, and 373 of this title] take effect on the date that is 6 months after the date of the enactment of this Act [] and shall apply to all patent applications filed in the United States on or after the effective date.
“(2) Section 154(a)(1).—
Section 154(a)(1) of title 35, United States Code, as amended by section 532(a)(1) of this Act, shall take effect on the effective date described in subsection (a).
“(3) Earliest filing.—
The term of a patent granted on an application that is filed on or after the effective date described in subsection (a) and that contains a specific reference to an earlier application filed under the provisions of section 120, 121, or 365(c) of title 35, United States Code, shall be measured from the filing date of the earliest filed application.”
Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–418 effective 6 months after , and, subject to enumerated exceptions, applicable only with respect to products made or imported after such effective date, see section 9006 of Pub. L. 100–418, set out as a note under section 271 of this title.
Effective Date of 1980 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 96–517 effective , see section 8(a) of Pub. L. 96–517, set out as a note under section 41 of this title.
Effective Date of 1965 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 89–83 effective three months after , see section 7(a) of Pub. L. 89–83, set out as a note under section 41 of this title.
Regulations
Pub. L. 103–465, title V, § 532(a)(2), , 108 Stat. 4985, authorized the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks to prescribe regulations for further limited reexamination of applications pending 2 years or longer and for examination of more than 1 independent and distinct invention in applications pending 3 years or longer, as of the effective date of section 154(a)(2) of this title, and to establish appropriate related fees.
Credits
1952–2013 · 11 acts
- 1952July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 804
- 1965Pub. L. 89–83, § 5, , 79 Stat. 261
- 1980Pub. L. 96–517, § 4, , 94 Stat. 3018
- 1988Pub. L. 100–418, title IX, § 9002, , 102 Stat. 1563
- 1994Pub. L. 103–465, title V, § 532(a)(1), , 108 Stat. 4983
- 1996Pub. L. 104–295, § 20(e)(1), , 110 Stat. 3529
- 1999Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §§ 4402(a), 4504], , 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–557, 1501A–564
- 2002Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, §§ 13204, 13206(a)(8), , 116 Stat. 1902, 1904
- 2011Pub. L. 112–29, §§ 3(j)(1), (2)(B), 9(a), 20(j), , 125 Stat. 290, 316, 335
- 2012Pub. L. 112–211, title I, § 102(6), , 126 Stat. 1531
- 2013Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h), , 126 Stat. 2457.
Show as published
(July 19, 1952, ch. 950, 66 Stat. 804; Pub. L. 89–83, § 5, , 79 Stat. 261; Pub. L. 96–517, § 4, , 94 Stat. 3018; Pub. L. 100–418, title IX, § 9002, , 102 Stat. 1563; Pub. L. 103–465, title V, § 532(a)(1), , 108 Stat. 4983; Pub. L. 104–295, § 20(e)(1), , 110 Stat. 3529; Pub. L. 106–113, div. B, § 1000(a)(9) [title IV, §§ 4402(a), 4504], , 113 Stat. 1536, 1501A–557, 1501A–564; Pub. L. 107–273, div. C, title III, §§ 13204, 13206(a)(8), , 116 Stat. 1902, 1904; Pub. L. 112–29, §§ 3(j)(1), (2)(B), 9(a), 20(j), , 125 Stat. 290, 316, 335; Pub. L. 112–211, title I, § 102(6), , 126 Stat. 1531; Pub. L. 112–274, § 1(h), , 126 Stat. 2457.)