§ 2044. Financial assistance for supportive services for very low-income veteran families in permanent housing

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 2008

   Veterans’ Mental Health and Other Care Improvements Act of 2008

   Pub. L. 110–387 title VI § 604(b)(1) · 122 Stat. 4110

   Enacted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044

   Added Pub. L. 110–387, title VI, § 604(b)(1), Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4132

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Added Pub. L. 110–387, title VI, § 604(b)(1), Oct. 10, 2008, 122 Stat. 4132

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) In general.— Subchapter V of chapter 20 is amended by adding at the end the following new section: “§ 2044. Financial assistance for supportive services for very low-income veteran families in permanent housing “(a) Distribution of Financial Assistance.— (1) The Secretary shall provide financial assistance to eligible entities approved under this section to provide and coordinate the provision of supportive services described in subsection (b) for very low-income veteran families occupying permanent housing. “(2) Financial assistance under this section shall consist of grants for each such family for which an approved eligible entity is providing or coordinating the provision of supportive services. “(3) (A) The Grants. Secretary shall provide such grants to each eligible entity that is providing or coordinating the provision of supportive services. “(B) The Secretary is authorized to establish intervals of payment for the administration of such grants and establish a maximum amount to be awarded, in accordance with the services being provided and their duration. “(4) In providing financial assistance under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall give preference to entities providing or coordinating the provision of supportive services for very low-income veteran families who are transitioning from homelessness to permanent housing. “(5) The Secretary shall ensure that, to the extent practicable, financial assistance under this subsection is equitably distributed across geographic regions, including rural communities and tribal lands. “(6) Notification. Each entity receiving financial assistance under this section to provide supportive services to a very low-income veteran family shall notify that family that such services are being paid for, in whole or in part, by the Department. “(7) The Secretary may require entities receiving financial assistance under this section to submit a report to the Secretary that describes the projects carried out with such financial assistance. “(b) Supportive Services.— The supportive services referred to in subsection (a) are the following: “(1) Services provided by an eligible entity or a subcontractor of an eligible entity that address the needs of very low-income veteran families occupying permanent housing, including— “(A) outreach services; “(B) case management services; “(C) assistance in obtaining any benefits from the Department which the veteran may be eligible to receive, including, but not limited to, vocational and rehabilitation counseling, employment and training service, educational assistance, and health care services; and “(D) assistance in obtaining and coordinating the provision of other public benefits provided in federal, State, or local agencies, or any organization defined in subsection (f), including— “(i) health care services (including obtaining health insurance); “(ii) daily living services; “(iii) personal financial planning; “(iv) transportation services; “(v) income support services; “(vi) fiduciary and representative payee services; “(vii) legal services to assist the veteran family with issues that interfere with the family’s ability to obtain or retain housing or supportive services; “(viii) child care; “(ix) housing counseling; and “(x) other services necessary for maintaining independent living. “(2) Services described in paragraph (1) that are delivered to very low-income veteran families who are homeless and who are scheduled to become residents of permanent housing within 90 days pending the location or development of housing suitable for permanent housing. “(3) Services described in paragraph (1) for very low-income veteran families who have voluntarily chosen to seek other housing after a period of tenancy in permanent housing, that are provided, for a period of 90 days after such families exit permanent housing or until such families commence receipt of other housing services adequate to meet their current needs, but only to the extent that services under this paragraph are designed to support such families in their choice to transition into housing that is responsive to their individual needs and preferences. “(c) Application for Financial Assistance.— (1) An eligible entity seeking financial assistance under subsection (a) shall submit to the Secretary an application therefor in such form, in such manner, and containing such commitments and information as the Secretary determines to be necessary to carry out this section. “(2) Each application submitted by an eligible entity under paragraph (1) shall contain— “(A) a description of the supportive services proposed to be provided by the eligible entity and the identified needs for those services; “(B) a description of the types of very low-income veteran families proposed to be provided such services; “(C) an estimate of the number of very low-income veteran families proposed to be provided such services; “(D) evidence of the experience of the eligible entity in providing supportive services to very low-income veteran families; and “(E) a description of the managerial capacity of the eligible entity— “(i) to coordinate the provision of supportive services with the provision of permanent housing by the eligible entity or by other organizations; “(ii) to assess continuously the needs of very low-income veteran families for supportive services; “(iii) to coordinate the provision of supportive services with the services of the Department; “(iv) to tailor supportive services to the needs of very low-income veteran families; and “(v) to seek continuously new sources of assistance to ensure the long-term provision of supportive services to very low-income veteran families. “(3) The Criteria. Secretary shall establish criteria for the selection of eligible entities to be provided financial assistance under this section. “(d) Technical Assistance.— (1) The Secretary shall provide training and technical assistance to participating eligible entities regarding the planning, development, and provision of supportive services to very low-income veteran families occupying permanent housing, through the Technical Assistance grants program in section 2064 of this title. “(2) The Secretary may provide the training described in paragraph (1) directly or through grants or contracts with appropriate public or nonprofit private entities. “(e) Funding.— (1) From amounts appropriated to the Department for Medical Services, there shall be available to carry out subsection (a), (b), and (c) amounts as follows: “(A) $15,000,000 for fiscal year 2009. “(B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2010. “(C) $25,000,000 for fiscal year 2011. “(2) Not more than $750,000 may be available under paragraph (1) in any fiscal year to provide technical assistance under subsection (d). “(3) Appropriation authorization. There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal year 2009 through 2011 to carry out the provisions of subsection (d). “(f) Definitions.— In this section: “(1) The term ‘consumer cooperative’ has the meaning given such term in section 202 of the Housing Act of 1959 (12 U.S.C. 1701q). “(2) The term ‘eligible entity’ means— “(A) a private nonprofit organization; or “(B) a consumer cooperative. “(3) The term ‘homeless’ has the meaning given that term in section 103 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11302). “(4) The term ‘permanent housing’ means community-based housing without a designated length of stay. “(5) The term ‘private nonprofit organization’ means any of the following: “(A) Any incorporated private institution or foundation— “(i) no part of the net earnings of which inures to the benefit of any member, founder, contributor, or individual; “(ii) which has a governing board that is responsible for the operation of the supportive services provided under this section; and “(iii) which is approved by the Secretary as to financial responsibility. “(B) A for-profit limited partnership, the sole general partner of which is an organization meeting the requirements of clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A). “(C) A corporation wholly owned and controlled by an organization meeting the requirements of clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) of subparagraph (A). “(D) A tribally designated housing entity (as defined in section 4 of the Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act of 1996 (25 U.S.C. 4103)). “(6) (A) Subject to subparagraphs (B) and (C), the term ‘very low-income veteran family’ means a veteran family whose income does not exceed 50 percent of the median income for an area specified by the Secretary for purposes of this section, as determined by the Secretary in accordance with this paragraph. “(B) The Secretary shall make appropriate adjustments to the income requirement under subparagraph (A) based on family size. “(C) The Secretary may establish an income ceiling higher or lower than 50 percent of the median income for an area if the Secretary determines that such variations are necessary because the area has unusually high or low construction costs, fair market rents (as determined under section 8 of the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 U.S.C. 1437f)), or family incomes. “(7) The term ‘veteran family’ includes a veteran who is a single person and a family in which the head of household or the spouse of the head of household is a veteran.” .

2. 2010

   Veterans’ Benefits Act of 2010

   Pub. L. 111–275 title X § 1001(e) · 124 Stat. 2864

   Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(3)

   Pub. L. 111–275 substituted “fiscal years” for “fiscal year”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 111–275 substituted “fiscal years” for “fiscal year”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (e) Chapter 20.— Section 2044(e)(3) is amended by striking “fiscal year” and inserting “fiscal years”.

3. 2011

   Veterans Health Care Facilities Capital Improvement Act of 2011

   Pub. L. 112–37 § 12(b) · 125 Stat. 397

   Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)

   Pub. L. 112–37, § 12(b), substituted “subsections” for “subsection” in introductory provisions. See Codification note above

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 112–37, § 12(b), substituted “subsections” for “subsection” in introductory provisions. See Codification note above.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Technical Amendment.— Paragraph (1) of such subsection is further amended by striking “carry out subsection (a), (b), and (c)” and inserting “carry out subsections (a), (b), and (c)”.

4. 2011

   Veterans Health Care Facilities Capital Improvement Act of 2011

   Pub. L. 112–37 § 12(a)(1) · 125 Stat. 397

   Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(D)

   Pub. L. 112–37, § 12(a)(1), added subpar. (D). See Codification note above

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(1)(D). Pub. L. 112–37, § 12(a)(1), added subpar. (D). See Codification note above.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in paragraph (1), by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: “(D) $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2012.” ; and

5. 2011

   Veterans Health Care Facilities Capital Improvement Act of 2011

   Pub. L. 112–37 § 12(a)(2) · 125 Stat. 397

   Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(3)

   Pub. L. 112–37, § 12(a)(2), substituted “2012” for “2011”. See Codification note above

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(3). Pub. L. 112–37, § 12(a)(2), substituted “2012” for “2011”. See Codification note above.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) in paragraph (3), by striking “2011” and inserting “2012”.

6. 2012

   Honoring America’s Veterans and Caring for Camp Lejeune Families Act of 2012

   Pub. L. 112–154 title III § 305(c) · 126 Stat. 1165

   Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(E)

   Pub. L. 112–154 added subpar. (E)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(1)(E). Pub. L. 112–154 added subpar. (E).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (c) Financial Assistance for Supportive Services for Very Low-income Veteran Families in Permanent Housing.— Section 2044(e)(1) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: “(E) $300,000,000 for fiscal year 2013.” .

7. 2013

   Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2013

   Pub. L. 113–37 § 2(f)(2) · 127 Stat. 523

   Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(E)

   Pub. L. 113–37 substituted “for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014” for “for fiscal year 2013”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(1)(E). Pub. L. 113–37 substituted “for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014” for “for fiscal year 2013”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Financial assistance for supportive services for very low-income veteran families in permanent housing.— Section 2044(e)(1)(E) of such title is amended by striking “for fiscal year 2013” and inserting “for each of fiscal years 2013 and 2014”.

8. 2014

   Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2014

   Pub. L. 113–175 title II § 206 · 128 Stat. 1901

   Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(E)

   Pub. L. 113–175 substituted “fiscal years 2013 through 2015” for “fiscal years 2013 and 2014”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e)(1)(E). Pub. L. 113–175 substituted “fiscal years 2013 through 2015” for “fiscal years 2013 and 2014”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 206. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Section 2044(e)(1)(E) is amended by striking “fiscal years 2013 and 2014” and inserting “fiscal years 2013 through 2015”.

9. 2015

   Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2015

   Pub. L. 114–58 § 601(9) · 129 Stat. 530

   Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(b)(1)(D)

   Pub. L. 114–58, § 601(9), substituted “Federal” for “federal” in introductory provisions

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1)(D). Pub. L. 114–58, § 601(9), substituted “Federal” for “federal” in introductory provisions.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (9) in section 2044(b)(1)(D), by striking “federal” and inserting “Federal”;

10. 2015

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–58 § 304 · 129 Stat. 530

    Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(E)

    Pub. L. 114–58, § 304, substituted “fiscal years 2015 through 2016” for “fiscal years 2013 through 2015”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(E). Pub. L. 114–58, § 304, substituted “fiscal years 2015 through 2016” for “fiscal years 2013 through 2015”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 304. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Section 2044(e)(1)(E) is amended by striking “fiscal years 2013 through 2015” and inserting “fiscal years 2015 through 2016”.

11. 2016

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2016

    Pub. L. 114–228 title III § 305 · 130 Stat. 935

    Amended · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(E)

    Pub. L. 114–228 amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as follows: “$300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2016.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(E). Pub. L. 114–228 amended subpar. (E) generally. Prior to amendment, subpar. (E) read as follows: “$300,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2016.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 305. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Subparagraph (E) of section 2044(e)(1) is amended to read as follows: “(E) $320,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2015 through 2017.” .

12. 2017

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2017

    Pub. L. 115–62 title III § 304 · 131 Stat. 1159

    Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(F)

    Pub. L. 115–62 added subpar. (F)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(F). Pub. L. 115–62 added subpar. (F).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 304. EXTENSION AND MODIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO PROVIDE FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Section 2044(e)(1) is amended by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: “(F) $320,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.” .

13. 2018

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–251 title I § 145 · 132 Stat. 3166

    1. Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(F); 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(G)

       Pub. L. 115–251 added subpars. (F) and (G)

    2. Struck · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(F); 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(G)

       Pub. L. 115–251 struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “$320,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(F), (G). Pub. L. 115–251 added subpars. (F) and (G) and struck out former subpar. (F) which read as follows: “$320,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2018 through 2019.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 145. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Section 2044(e)(1) is amended by striking subparagraph (F) and inserting the following: “(F) $340,000,000 for fiscal year 2018. “(G) $380,000,000 for fiscal year 2019.” .

14. 2019

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2019

    Pub. L. 116–61 § 4 · 133 Stat. 1116

    Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(G)

    Pub. L. 116–61 substituted “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021” for “fiscal year 2019”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(G). Pub. L. 116–61 substituted “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021” for “fiscal year 2019”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 4. EXTENSION OF AUTHORITY FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Section 2044(e)(1)(G) of title 38, United States Code, is amended by striking “fiscal year 2019” and inserting “each of fiscal years 2019 through 2021”.

15. 2020

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2020

    Pub. L. 116–159 § 5305(1) · 134 Stat. 709

    Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(G)

    Pub. L. 116–159, § 5305(1), substituted “and 2020” for “through 2021”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(G). Pub. L. 116–159, § 5305(1), substituted “and 2020” for “through 2021”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subparagraph (G), by striking “through 2021” and inserting “and 2020”; and

16. 2020

    Department of Veterans Affairs Expiring Authorities Act of 2020

    Pub. L. 116–159 § 5305(2) · 134 Stat. 709

    Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(H)

    Pub. L. 116–159, § 5305(2), added subpar. (H)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(H). Pub. L. 116–159, § 5305(2), added subpar. (H).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph: “(H) $420,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2021 and 2022.” .

17. 2022

    Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2023

    Pub. L. 117–180 div. E title III § 304 · 136 Stat. 2114

    Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(1)(H)

    Pub. L. 117–180 substituted “through 2024” for “and 2022”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(1)(H). Pub. L. 117–180 substituted “through 2024” for “and 2022”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 304. EXTENSION OF FUNDING FOR FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR SUPPORTIVE SERVICES FOR VERY LOW-INCOME VETERAN FAMILIES IN PERMANENT HOUSING.   Section 2044(e)(1)(H) of title 38, United States Code, is amended by striking “and 2022” and inserting “through 2024”.

18. 2022

    Energy and Water Development and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2023

    Pub. L. 117–328 § 305(a) · 136 Stat. 4459

    1. Struck · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)

       Pub. L. 117–328, § 305(a), struck out par. (1) designation before “From amounts”

    2. Struck · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)

       Pub. L. 117–328, § 305(a), struck out pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 117–328, § 305(a), struck out par. (1) designation before “From amounts” and struck out pars. (2) and (3) which read as follows:

    “(2) Not more than $750,000 may be available under paragraph (1) in any fiscal year to provide technical assistance under subsection (d). “(3) There is authorized to be appropriated $1,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 2009 through 2012 to carry out the provisions of subsection (d).”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 305. Notwithstanding section 161 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6241), upon a determination by the President in this fiscal year that a regional supply shortage of refined petroleum product of significant scope and duration exists, that a severe increase in the price of refined petroleum product will likely result from such shortage, and that a draw down and sale of refined petroleum product would assist directly and significantly in reducing the adverse impact of such shortage, the Secretary of Energy may draw down and sell refined petroleum product from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Proceeds from a sale under this section shall be deposited into the SPR Petroleum Account established in section 167 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (42 U.S.C. 6247), and such amounts shall be available for obligation, without fiscal year limitation, consistent with that section.

19. 2024

    Pub. L. 118–83 div. B title III § 325 · 138 Stat. 1541

    1. Substituted · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)

       Pub. L. 118–83 substituted “2025” for “2024” in subpar. (H)

    2. Redesignated · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)

       Pub. L. 118–83 redesignated subpars. (A) to (H) as pars. (1) to (8), respectively

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 118–83 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 118–83 substituted “2025” for “2024” in subpar. (H) and redesignated subpars. (A) to (H) as pars. (1) to (8), respectively.

20. 2025

    Pub. L. 119–37 div. G title III § 7303 · 139 Stat. 650

    Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(9)

    Pub. L. 119–37 added par. (9)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–37 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(9). Pub. L. 119–37 added par. (9).

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 119–37 effective as if enacted on Sept. 30, 2025, see section 7406 of Pub. L. 119–37, set out as a note under section 111A of this title.

21. 2026

    Pub. L. 119–103 div. D title III § 4304 · 140 Stat. 1008

    Added · 38 U.S.C. § 2044(e)(10)

    Pub. L. 119–103 added par. (10)

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–103 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e)(10). Pub. L. 119–103 added par. (10).

20 of 24 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 4 unresolved