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119th Congress

Title 51 — National and Commercial Space Programs

Chapter 509 — Commercial Space Launch Activities

§ 50902. Definitions

Statutory text

In this chapter—

(1)

“citizen of the United States” means—

(A)

an individual who is a citizen of the United States;

(B)

an entity organized or existing under the laws of the United States or a State; or

(C)

an entity organized or existing under the laws of a foreign country if the controlling interest (as defined by the Secretary of Transportation) is held by an individual or entity described in subclause (A) or (B) of this clause.

(2)

“crew” means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.

(3)

“executive agency” has the same meaning given that term in section 105 of title 5.

(4)

“government astronaut” means an individual who—

(A)

is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n);

(B)

is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and

(C)

is either—

(i)

an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or

(ii)

an international partner astronaut.

(5)

“international partner astronaut” means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the United States, as qualified to serve as an International Space Station crew member.

(6)

“International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement” means the Agreement Concerning Cooperation on the International Space Station, signed at Washington (TIAS 12927).

(7)

“launch” means to place or try to place a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle and any payload or human being from Earth—

(A)

in a suborbital trajectory;

(B)

in Earth orbit in outer space; or

(C)

otherwise in outer space,

including activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle or payload for launch, when those activities take place at a launch site in the United States.

(8)

“launch property” means an item built for, or used in, the launch preparation or launch of a launch vehicle.

(9)

“launch services” means—

(A)

activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle, payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant for launch; and

(B)

the conduct of a launch.

(10)

“launch site” means the location on Earth from which a launch takes place (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter) and necessary facilities at that location.

(11)

“launch vehicle” means—

(A)

a vehicle built to operate in, or place a payload or human beings in, outer space; and

(B)

a suborbital rocket.

(12)

“obtrusive space advertising” means advertising in outer space that is capable of being recognized by a human being on the surface of the Earth without the aid of a telescope or other technological device.

(13)

“payload” means an object that a person undertakes to place in outer space by means of a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle, including components of the vehicle specifically designed or adapted for that object.

(14)

except in section 50904(c), “permit” means an experimental permit issued under section 50906.

(15)

“person” means an individual and an entity organized or existing under the laws of a State or country.

(16)

“reenter” and “reentry” mean to return or attempt to return, purposefully, a reentry vehicle and its payload or human beings, if any, from Earth orbit or from outer space to Earth.

(17)

“reentry services” means—

(A)

activities involved in the preparation of a reentry vehicle and payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant, if any, for reentry; and

(B)

the conduct of a reentry.

(18)

“reentry site” means the location on Earth to which a reentry vehicle is intended to return (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter).

(19)

“reentry vehicle” means a vehicle designed to return from Earth orbit or outer space to Earth, or a reusable launch vehicle designed to return from Earth orbit or outer space to Earth, substantially intact.

(20)

“space flight participant” means an individual, who is not crew or a government astronaut, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.

(21)

“space support vehicle flight” means a flight in the air that—

(A)

is not a launch or reentry; but

(B)

is conducted by a space support vehicle.

(22)

“space support vehicle” means a vehicle that is—

(A)

a launch vehicle;

(B)

a reentry vehicle; or

(C)

a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.

(23)

“State” means a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and a territory or possession of the United States.

(24)

unless and until regulations take effect under section 50922(c)(2), “suborbital rocket” means a vehicle, rocket-propelled in whole or in part, intended for flight on a suborbital trajectory, and the thrust of which is greater than its lift for the majority of the rocket-powered portion of its ascent.

(25)

“suborbital trajectory” means the intentional flight path of a launch vehicle, reentry vehicle, or any portion thereof, whose vacuum instantaneous impact point does not leave the surface of the Earth.

(26)

“third party” means a person except—

(A)

the United States Government or the Government’s contractors or subcontractors involved in launch services or reentry services;

(B)

a licensee or transferee under this chapter;

(C)

a licensee’s or transferee’s contractors, subcontractors, or customers involved in launch services or reentry services;

(D)

the customer’s contractors or subcontractors involved in launch services or reentry services; or

(E)

crew, government astronauts, or space flight participants.

(27)

“United States” means the States of the United States, the District of Columbia, and the territories and possessions of the United States.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 103–272 § 1(e) · 108 Stat. 745

    Enacted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902

    Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1331, § 70102 of title 49

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1331, § 70102 of title 49

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Section 1. subtitles ii, ii, and v-x of title 49, united states code (a) Certain general and permanent laws of the 49 USC prec. 101 note. United States, related to transportation, are revised, codified, and enacted by subsections (c)–(e) of this section without substantive change as subtitles II, III, and V–X of title 49, United States Code, “Transportation”. Those laws may be cited as “49 U.S.C. ________”. (b) Title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking the table of subtitles at the beginning of the title and substituting the following new table of subtitles: “Subtitle “I. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION “II. OTHER GOVERNMENT AGENCIES “III. GENERAL AND INTERMODAL PROGRAMS “IV. INTERSTATE COMMERCE “V. RAIL PROGRAMS “VI. MOTOR VEHICLE AND DRIVER PROGRAMS “VII. AVIATION PROGRAMS “VIII. PIPELINES “IX. COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION “X. MISCELLANEOUS (c) Title 49, United States Code, is amended by striking subtitle II, except that chapter 31 (comprising sections 3101–3104) of subtitle II is redesignated and restated as chapter 315 (comprising sections 31501–31504) of subtitle VI of title 49, as enacted by subsection (e) of this section. (d) Title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding the following immediately after subtitle I:

  2. Pub. L. 104–287 § 5(92) · 110 Stat. 3388

    Substituted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(6)

    Pub. L. 104–287 substituted “facilities at that location” for “facilities”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (6). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted “facilities at that location” for “facilities”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (92) In section 70102(6), strike “facilities” and substitute “facilities at that location”.

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective July 5, 1994, see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of Title 49, Transportation.

  3. Pub. L. 105–303 § 102(a)(3)(A) · 112 Stat. 2843

    1. Substituted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(3)

      Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(A), substituted “or reentry vehicle and any payload from Earth” for “and any payload” in introductory provisions and a comma for the period at end of subpar. (C)

    2. Inserted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(3)

      Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(A), inserted concluding provisions

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(A), substituted “or reentry vehicle and any payload from Earth” for “and any payload” in introductory provisions and a comma for the period at end of subpar. (C) and inserted concluding provisions.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in paragraph (3)— (i) by striking “and any payload” and inserting in lieu thereof “or reentry vehicle and any payload from Earth”; (ii) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (C) and inserting in lieu thereof a comma; and (iii) by adding after subparagraph (C) the following: “including activities involved in the preparation of a launch vehicle or payload for launch, when those activities take place at a launch site in the United States.”;

  4. Pub. L. 105–303 § 102(a)(3)(B) · 112 Stat. 2843

    Inserted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(8)

    Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(B), inserted “or reentry vehicle” after “means of a launch vehicle”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (8). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(B), inserted “or reentry vehicle” after “means of a launch vehicle”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) by inserting “or reentry vehicle” after “means of a launch vehicle” in paragraph (8);

  5. Pub. L. 105–303 § 102(a)(3)(D) · 112 Stat. 2843

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(10)(13)

    Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(D), added pars. (10) to (13). Former pars. (10) to (12) redesignated (14) to (16), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (10) to (13). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(D), added pars. (10) to (13). Former pars. (10) to (12) redesignated (14) to (16), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (D) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following new paragraphs: “(10) ‘reenter’ and ‘reentry’ mean to return or attempt to return, purposefully, a reentry vehicle and its payload, if any, from Earth orbit or from outer space to Earth. “(11) ‘reentry services’ means— “(A) activities involved in the preparation of a reentry vehicle and its payload, if any, for reentry; and “(B) the conduct of a reentry. “(12) ‘reentry site’ means the location on Earth to which a reentry vehicle is intended to return (as defined in a license the Secretary issues or transfers under this chapter). “(13) ‘reentry vehicle’ means a vehicle designed to return from Earth orbit or outer space to Earth, or a reusable launch vehicle designed to return from Earth orbit or outer space to Earth, substantially intact.”; and

  6. Pub. L. 105–303 § 102(a)(3)(C) · 112 Stat. 2843

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(14)

    Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), redesignated par. (10) as (14)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (14). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), redesignated par. (10) as (14).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (10), (11), and (12) as paragraphs (14), (15), and (16), respectively;

  7. Pub. L. 105–303 § 102(a)(3)(C) · 112 Stat. 2843

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(15)

      Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), (E), redesignated par. (11) as (15)

    2. Inserted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(15)

      Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), (E), inserted “or reentry services” after “launch services” wherever appearing

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (15). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), (E), redesignated par. (11) as (15) and inserted “or reentry services” after “launch services” wherever appearing.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (10), (11), and (12) as paragraphs (14), (15), and (16), respectively;

  8. Pub. L. 105–303 § 102(a)(3)(C) · 112 Stat. 2843

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(16)

    Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), redesignated par. (12) as (16)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (16). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), redesignated par. (12) as (16).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (10), (11), and (12) as paragraphs (14), (15), and (16), respectively;

  9. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2000

    Pub. L. 106–391 title III § 322(a) · 114 Stat. 1577

    1. Added · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(8)(17)

      Pub. L. 106–391 added par. (8)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(8)(17)

      Pub. L. 106–391 redesignated former pars. (8) to (16) as (9) to (17), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (8) to (17). Pub. L. 106–391 added par. (8) and redesignated former pars. (8) to (16) as (9) to (17), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Definition.— Section 70102 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— (1) by redesignating paragraphs (8) through (16) as paragraphs (9) through (17), respectively; and (2) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following: “(8) ‘obtrusive space advertising’ means advertising in outer space that is capable of being recognized by a human being on the surface of the Earth without the aid of a telescope or other technological device.”.

  10. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(2) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(2)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(2), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (2). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(2), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following new paragraph: “(2) ‘crew’ means any employee of a licensee or transferee, or of a contractor or subcontractor of a licensee or transferee, who performs activities in the course of that employment directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of or in a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle that carries human beings.” ;

  11. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(3)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (3). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  12. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(4)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (4)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(4)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (3), inserted “, crew, or space flight participant” after “any payload” in introductory provisions. Former par. (4) redesignated (5)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (4). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and inserted “, crew, or space flight participant” after “any payload” in introductory provisions. Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  13. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(5)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (5). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  14. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(6)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (4), redesignated par. (5) as (6)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(6)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (4), substituted “, payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” for “and payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (6) redesignated (7)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (6). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (4), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and substituted “, payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” for “and payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  15. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(7)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (6) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (8)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (7). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (6) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (8).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  16. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(8)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (5), redesignated par. (7) as (8)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(8)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (5), inserted “or human beings” after “place a payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (8) redesignated (9)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (8). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (5), redesignated par. (7) as (8) and inserted “or human beings” after “place a payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (8) redesignated (9).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  17. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(9); 51 U.S.C. § 50902(10)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (9) and (10), respectively. Former par. (10) redesignated (12)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (9), (10). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (9) and (10), respectively. Former par. (10) redesignated (12).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  18. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(6) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(11)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(6), added par. (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (13)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (11). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(6), added par. (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (13).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (6) by inserting after paragraph (10), as so redesignated by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the following new paragraph: “(11) except in section 70104(c), ‘permit’ means an experimental permit issued under section 70105a.” ;

  19. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(12)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (10) as (12). Former par. (12) redesignated (14)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (12). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (10) as (12). Former par. (12) redesignated (14).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  20. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(13)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (7), redesignated par. (11) as (13)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(13)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (7), inserted “crew, or space flight participants,” after “and its payload,”. Former par. (13) redesignated (15)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (13). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (7), redesignated par. (11) as (13) and inserted “crew, or space flight participants,” after “and its payload,”. Former par. (13) redesignated (15).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  21. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(14)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (8), redesignated par. (12) as (14)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(14)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (8), substituted “and payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” for “and its payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (14) redesignated (16)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (14). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (8), redesignated par. (12) as (14) and substituted “and payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” for “and its payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (14) redesignated (16).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  22. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(15); 51 U.S.C. § 50902(16)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated pars. (13) and (14) as (15) and (16), respectively. Former pars. (15) and (16) redesignated (18) and (21), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated pars. (13) and (14) as (15) and (16), respectively. Former pars. (15) and (16) redesignated (18) and (21), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  23. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(9) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(17)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(9), added par. (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (22)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (17). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(9), added par. (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (22).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (9) by inserting after paragraph (16), as so redesignated by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the following new paragraph: “(17) ‘space flight participant’ means an individual, who is not crew, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.” ;

  24. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(18)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (15) as (18)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (18). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (15) as (18).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  25. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(10) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Added · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(19); 51 U.S.C. § 50902(20)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(10), added pars. (19) and (20)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (19), (20). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(10), added pars. (19) and (20).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (10) by inserting after paragraph (18), as so redesignated by paragraph (1) of this subsection, the following new paragraphs: “(19) unless and until regulations take effect under section 70120(c)(2), ‘suborbital rocket’ means a vehicle, rocket-propelled in whole or in part, intended for flight on a suborbital trajectory, and the thrust of which is greater than its lift for the majority of the rocket-powered portion of its ascent. “(20) ‘suborbital trajectory’ means the intentional flight path of a launch vehicle, reentry vehicle, or any portion thereof, whose vacuum instantaneous impact point does not leave the surface of the Earth.” ; and

  26. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(21)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (11), redesignated par. (16) as (21)

    2. Added · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(21)

      Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (11), added subpar. (E)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (21). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (11), redesignated par. (16) as (21) and added subpar. (E).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  27. Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–492 § 2(b)(1) · 118 Stat. 3974

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(22)

    Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (17) as (22)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (22). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (17) as (22).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (17) as paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), (9), (10), (12), (13), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), and (22), respectively;

  28. Pub. L. 111–314 § 4(d)(2) · 124 Stat. 3328

    Changed · 51 U.S.C. § 50902

    Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (3)(B), successively renumbered section 70102 of title 49 and section 70102 of this title as this section

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (3)(B), successively renumbered section 70102 of title 49 and section 70102 of this title as this section.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Renumbering and transfer of chapters.— Chapters 701 and 703 of title 49, United States Code, are renumbered as chapters 509 and 511, respectively, of title 51, United States Code, and 51 USC 70101–70121, 70301–70305. transferred so as to appear after chapter 507 of title 51, United States Code, as enacted by section 3 of this Act.

  29. Pub. L. 111–314 § 4(d)(5)(A) · 124 Stat. 3328

    1. Substituted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(11)

      Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(A), substituted “section 50904(c)” for “section 70104(c)”

    2. Substituted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(11)

      Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(A), substituted “section 50906” for “section 70105a”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (11). Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(A), substituted “section 50904(c)” for “section 70104(c)” and “section 50906” for “section 70105a”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) Section 50902(11) of title 51, United States Code, as renumbered by paragraph (3), is amended— (i) by striking “section 70104(c)” and substituting “section 50904(c)”; and (ii) by striking “section 70105a” and substituting “section 50906”.

  30. Pub. L. 111–314 § 4(d)(5)(B) · 124 Stat. 3328

    Substituted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(19)

    Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(B), substituted “section 50922(c)(2)” for “section 70120(c)(2)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (19). Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(B), substituted “section 50922(c)(2)” for “section 70120(c)(2)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) Section 50902(19) of title 51, United States Code, as renumbered by paragraph (3), is amended by striking “section 70120(c)(2)” and substituting “section 50922(c)(2)”.

  31. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(2) · 129 Stat. 704

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(4)(6)

    Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(2), added pars. (4) to (6). Former pars. (4) to (6) redesignated (7) to (9), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(2), added pars. (4) to (6). Former pars. (4) to (6) redesignated (7) to (9), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following: “(4) ‘government astronaut’ means an individual who— “(A) is designated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under section 20113(n); “(B) is carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle in the course of his or her employment, which may include performance of activities directly relating to the launch, reentry, or other operation of the launch vehicle or reentry vehicle; and “(C) is either— “(i) an employee of the United States Government, including the uniformed services, engaged in the performance of a Federal function under authority of law or an Executive act; or “(ii) an international partner astronaut. “(5) ‘international partner astronaut’ means an individual designated under Article 11 of the International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement, by a partner to that agreement other than the United States, as qualified to serve as an International Space Station crew member. “(6) ‘International Space Station Intergovernmental Agreement’ means the Agreement Concerning Cooperation on the International Space Station, signed at Washington January 29, 1998 (TIAS 12927).” .

  32. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(7)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (e), redesignated par. (4) as (7)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(7)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (e), substituted “and any payload or human being” for “and any payload, crew, or space flight participant” in introductory provisions. Former par. (7) redesignated (10)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (7). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (e), redesignated par. (4) as (7) and substituted “and any payload or human being” for “and any payload, crew, or space flight participant” in introductory provisions. Former par. (7) redesignated (10).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  33. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(8)

    Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated par. (5) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (11)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (8). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated par. (5) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (11).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  34. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(9)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (f), redesignated par. (6) as (9)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(9)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (f), substituted “payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant” for “payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” in subpar. (A). Former par. (9) redesignated (12)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (9). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (f), redesignated par. (6) as (9) and substituted “payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant” for “payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” in subpar. (A). Former par. (9) redesignated (12).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  35. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(10)(15)

    Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (7) to (12) as (10) to (15), respectively. Former pars. (10) to (15) redesignated (13) to (18), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (10) to (15). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (7) to (12) as (10) to (15), respectively. Former pars. (10) to (15) redesignated (13) to (18), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  36. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(16)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (g), redesignated par. (13) as (16)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(16)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (g), substituted “and its payload or human beings, if any,” for “and its payload, crew, or space flight participants, if any,”. Former par. (16) redesignated (19)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (16). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (g), redesignated par. (13) as (16) and substituted “and its payload or human beings, if any,” for “and its payload, crew, or space flight participants, if any,”. Former par. (16) redesignated (19).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  37. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(17)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (h), redesignated par. (14) as (17)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(17)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (h), substituted “payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant, if any,” for “payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant, if any,” in subpar. (A). Former par. (17) redesignated (20)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (17). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (h), redesignated par. (14) as (17) and substituted “payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant, if any,” for “payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant, if any,” in subpar. (A). Former par. (17) redesignated (20).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  38. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(18); 51 U.S.C. § 50902(19)

    Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (15) and (16) as (18) and (19), respectively. Former pars. (18) and (19) redesignated (21) and (22), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (18), (19). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (15) and (16) as (18) and (19), respectively. Former pars. (18) and (19) redesignated (21) and (22), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  39. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(20)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (i), redesignated par. (17) as (20)

    2. Amended · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(20)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (i), amended it generally. Prior to amendment, par. (20) read as follows: “ ‘space flight participant’ means an individual, who is not crew, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (20). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (i), redesignated par. (17) as (20) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, par. (20) read as follows: “ ‘space flight participant’ means an individual, who is not crew, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  40. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(21)(23)

    Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (18) to (20) as (21) to (23), respectively. Former pars. (21) and (22) redesignated (24) and (25), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (21) to (23). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (18) to (20) as (21) to (23), respectively. Former pars. (21) and (22) redesignated (24) and (25), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  41. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    1. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(24)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (j), redesignated par. (21) as (24)

    2. Inserted · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(24)

      Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (j), inserted “, government astronauts,” after “crew” in subpar. (E)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (24). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (j), redesignated par. (21) as (24) and inserted “, government astronauts,” after “crew” in subpar. (E).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  42. Spurring Private Aerospace Competitiveness and Entrepreneurship Act of 2015

    Pub. L. 114–90 § 112(c)(1) · 129 Stat. 704

    Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(25)

    Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated par. (22) as (25)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Par. (25). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated par. (22) as (25).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by redesignating paragraphs (4) through (22) as paragraphs (7) through (25), respectively; and

  43. FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–254 div. B title V § 581(a) · 132 Stat. 3187

    1. Added · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(21)(27)

      Pub. L. 115–254 added pars. (21) and (22)

    2. Redesignated · 51 U.S.C. § 50902(21)(27)

      Pub. L. 115–254 redesignated former pars. (21) to (25) as (23) to (27), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pars. (21) to (27). Pub. L. 115–254 added pars. (21) and (22) and redesignated former pars. (21) to (25) as (23) to (27), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Space Support Vehicle Definitions.— Section 50902 of title 51, United States Code, is amended— (1) by redesignating paragraphs (21) through (25) as paragraphs (23) through (27), respectively; and (2) by inserting after paragraph (20) the following: “(21) ‘space support vehicle flight’ means a flight in the air that— “(A) is not a launch or reentry; but “(B) is conducted by a space support vehicle. “(22) ‘space support vehicle’ means a vehicle that is— “(A) a launch vehicle; “(B) a reentry vehicle; or “(C) a component of a launch or reentry vehicle.” .

60 of 60 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Notes

historicalAndRevision
Historical and Revision Notes
Pub. L. 103–272
RevisedSectionSource (U.S. Code)Source (Statutes at Large)
70102(1)49 App.:2603(9).Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–575, § 4(1)–(9), 98 Stat. 3056.
 49 App.:2603(12).Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–575, § 4(12), 98 Stat. 3056; Nov. 15, 1988, Pub. L. 100–657, § 3(2), 102 Stat. 3900.
70102(2)–(9)49 App.:2603(1)–(8).
70102(10)49 App.:2603(10).Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–575, § 4(10), 98 Stat. 3056; Nov. 15, 1988, Pub. L. 100–657, § 3(1), 102 Stat. 3900.
70102(11)49 App.:2603(11).Oct. 30, 1984, Pub. L. 98–575, 98 Stat. 3055, § 4(11); added Nov. 15, 1988, Pub. L. 100–657, § 3(3), 102 Stat. 3900.
70102(12)49 App.:2603(10).

In this chapter, the word “country” is substituted for “nation” for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code.

In clause (1), before subclause (A), the text of 49 App.:2603(9) is omitted as surplus because the complete name of the Secretary of Transportation is used the first time the term appears in a section. In subclauses (B) and (C), the words “corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, or other” are omitted as surplus. In subclause (C), the words “in regulations” and “in such entity” are omitted as surplus.

In clause (4), the words “propellants, launch vehicles and components thereof, and other physical” are omitted as surplus.

In clause (6), the words “includes all . . . located on a launch site which are . . . to conduct a launch” are omitted as surplus.

In clause (9), the words “corporation, partnership, joint venture, association, or other” are omitted as surplus.

Clauses (10) and (12) are substituted for 49 App.:2603(10) to eliminate unnecessary words.

In clause (11), before subclause (A), the words “or entity” are omitted as surplus. In subclause (A), the words “its agencies” are omitted as surplus.

Pub. L. 104–287

This amends 49:70102(6) to correct an error in the codification enacted by section 1 of the Act of July 5, 1994 (Public Law 103–272, 108 Stat. 1331).

Editorial Notes

Amendments1996–2018 · 7 rounds

2018

Pars. (21) to (27). Pub. L. 115–254 added pars. (21) and (22) and redesignated former pars. (21) to (25) as (23) to (27), respectively.

2015

Pars. (4) to (6). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(2), added pars. (4) to (6). Former pars. (4) to (6) redesignated (7) to (9), respectively.

Par. (7). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (e), redesignated par. (4) as (7) and substituted “and any payload or human being” for “and any payload, crew, or space flight participant” in introductory provisions. Former par. (7) redesignated (10).

Par. (8). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated par. (5) as (8). Former par. (8) redesignated (11).

Par. (9). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (f), redesignated par. (6) as (9) and substituted “payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant” for “payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” in subpar. (A). Former par. (9) redesignated (12).

Pars. (10) to (15). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (7) to (12) as (10) to (15), respectively. Former pars. (10) to (15) redesignated (13) to (18), respectively.

Par. (16). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (g), redesignated par. (13) as (16) and substituted “and its payload or human beings, if any,” for “and its payload, crew, or space flight participants, if any,”. Former par. (16) redesignated (19).

Par. (17). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (h), redesignated par. (14) as (17) and substituted “payload, crew (including crew training), government astronaut, or space flight participant, if any,” for “payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant, if any,” in subpar. (A). Former par. (17) redesignated (20).

Pars. (18), (19). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (15) and (16) as (18) and (19), respectively. Former pars. (18) and (19) redesignated (21) and (22), respectively.

Par. (20). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (i), redesignated par. (17) as (20) and amended it generally. Prior to amendment, par. (20) read as follows: “ ‘space flight participant’ means an individual, who is not crew, carried within a launch vehicle or reentry vehicle.”

Pars. (21) to (23). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated pars. (18) to (20) as (21) to (23), respectively. Former pars. (21) and (22) redesignated (24) and (25), respectively.

Par. (24). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), (j), redesignated par. (21) as (24) and inserted “, government astronauts,” after “crew” in subpar. (E).

Par. (25). Pub. L. 114–90, § 112(c)(1), redesignated par. (22) as (25).

2010

Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (3)(B), successively renumbered section 70102 of title 49 and section 70102 of this title as this section.

Par. (11). Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(A), substituted “section 50904(c)” for “section 70104(c)” and “section 50906” for “section 70105a”.

Par. (19). Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(5)(B), substituted “section 50922(c)(2)” for “section 70120(c)(2)”.

2004

Par. (2). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(2), added par. (2). Former par. (2) redesignated (3).

Par. (3). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (2) as (3). Former par. (3) redesignated (4).

Par. (4). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (3), redesignated par. (3) as (4) and inserted “, crew, or space flight participant” after “any payload” in introductory provisions. Former par. (4) redesignated (5).

Par. (5). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (4) as (5). Former par. (5) redesignated (6).

Par. (6). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (4), redesignated par. (5) as (6) and substituted “, payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” for “and payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (6) redesignated (7).

Par. (7). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (6) as (7). Former par. (7) redesignated (8).

Par. (8). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (5), redesignated par. (7) as (8) and inserted “or human beings” after “place a payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (8) redesignated (9).

Pars. (9), (10). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated pars. (8) and (9) as (9) and (10), respectively. Former par. (10) redesignated (12).

Par. (11). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(6), added par. (11). Former par. (11) redesignated (13).

Par. (12). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (10) as (12). Former par. (12) redesignated (14).

Par. (13). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (7), redesignated par. (11) as (13) and inserted “crew, or space flight participants,” after “and its payload,”. Former par. (13) redesignated (15).

Par. (14). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (8), redesignated par. (12) as (14) and substituted “and payload, crew (including crew training), or space flight participant” for “and its payload” in subpar. (A). Former par. (14) redesignated (16).

Pars. (15), (16). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated pars. (13) and (14) as (15) and (16), respectively. Former pars. (15) and (16) redesignated (18) and (21), respectively.

Par. (17). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(9), added par. (17). Former par. (17) redesignated (22).

Par. (18). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (15) as (18).

Pars. (19), (20). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(10), added pars. (19) and (20).

Par. (21). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), (11), redesignated par. (16) as (21) and added subpar. (E).

Par. (22). Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b)(1), redesignated par. (17) as (22).

2000

Pars. (8) to (17). Pub. L. 106–391 added par. (8) and redesignated former pars. (8) to (16) as (9) to (17), respectively.

1998

Par. (3). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(A), substituted “or reentry vehicle and any payload from Earth” for “and any payload” in introductory provisions and a comma for the period at end of subpar. (C) and inserted concluding provisions.

Par. (8). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(B), inserted “or reentry vehicle” after “means of a launch vehicle”.

Pars. (10) to (13). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(D), added pars. (10) to (13). Former pars. (10) to (12) redesignated (14) to (16), respectively.

Par. (14). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), redesignated par. (10) as (14).

Par. (15). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), (E), redesignated par. (11) as (15) and inserted “or reentry services” after “launch services” wherever appearing.

Par. (16). Pub. L. 105–303, § 102(a)(3)(C), redesignated par. (12) as (16).

1996

Par. (6). Pub. L. 104–287 substituted “facilities at that location” for “facilities”.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 1996 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 104–287 effective , see section 8(1) of Pub. L. 104–287, set out as a note under section 5303 of Title 49, Transportation.

Credits

1994–2018 · 8 acts
  1. 1994Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), , 108 Stat. 1331, § 70102 of title 49
  2. 1996Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(92), , 110 Stat. 3398
  3. 1998Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 102(a)(3), , 112 Stat. 2846
  4. 2000Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 322(a), , 114 Stat. 1598
  5. 2004Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b), , 118 Stat. 3975
  6. 2010renumbered § 70102 then § 50902 of title 51 and amended Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (3)(B), (5)(A), (B), , 124 Stat. 3440, 3441
  7. 2015Pub. L. 114–90, title I, § 112(c), (e)–(j), , 129 Stat. 712, 713
  8. 2018Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title V, § 581(a), , 132 Stat. 3397.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 103–272, § 1(e), , 108 Stat. 1331, § 70102 of title 49; Pub. L. 104–287, § 5(92), , 110 Stat. 3398; Pub. L. 105–303, title I, § 102(a)(3), , 112 Stat. 2846; Pub. L. 106–391, title III, § 322(a), , 114 Stat. 1598; Pub. L. 108–492, § 2(b), , 118 Stat. 3975; renumbered § 70102 then § 50902 of title 51 and amended Pub. L. 111–314, § 4(d)(2), (3)(B), (5)(A), (B), , 124 Stat. 3440, 3441; Pub. L. 114–90, title I, § 112(c), (e)–(j), , 129 Stat. 712, 713; Pub. L. 115–254, div. B, title V, § 581(a), , 132 Stat. 3397.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc51.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-04-17

USLM identifier /us/usc/t51/s50902