§ 10308. Civil and criminal sanctions

Statutory text

Depriving or attempting to deprive persons of secured rights

Whoever shall deprive or attempt to deprive any person of any right secured by section 10301, 10302, 10303, 10304, or 10306 of this title or shall violate section 10307(a) of this title, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Destroying, defacing, mutilating, or altering ballots or official voting records

Whoever, within a year following an election in a political subdivision in which an observer has been assigned (1) destroys, defaces, mutilates, or otherwise alters the marking of a paper ballot which has been cast in such election, or (2) alters any official record of voting in such election tabulated from a voting machine or otherwise, shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Conspiring to violate or interfere with secured rights

Whoever conspires to violate the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section, or interferes with any right secured by section 10301, 10302, 10303, 10304, 10306, or 10307(a) of this title shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

Civil action by Attorney General for preventive relief; injunctive and other relief

Whenever any person has engaged or there are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to engage in any act or practice prohibited by section 10301, 10302, 10303, 10304, 10306, or 10307 of this title, section 1973e of title 42,1 or subsection (b) of this section, the Attorney General may institute for the United States, or in the name of the United States, an action for preventive relief, including an application for a temporary or permanent injunction, restraining order, or other order, and including an order directed to the State and State or local election officials to require them (1) to permit persons listed under chapters 103 to 107 of this title to vote and (2) to count such votes.

Proceeding by Attorney General to enforce the counting of ballots of registered and eligible persons who are prevented from voting

Whenever in any political subdivision in which there are observers appointed pursuant to chapters 103 to 107 of this title any persons allege to such an observer within forty-eight hours after the closing of the polls that notwithstanding (1) their listing under chapters 103 to 107 of this title or registration by an appropriate election official and (2) their eligibility to vote, they have not been permitted to vote in such election, the observer shall forthwith notify the Attorney General if such allegations in his opinion appear to be well founded. Upon receipt of such notification, the Attorney General may forthwith file with the district court an application for an order providing for the marking, casting, and counting of the ballots of such persons and requiring the inclusion of their votes in the total vote before the results of such election shall be deemed final and any force or effect given thereto. The district court shall hear and determine such matters immediately after the filing of such application. The remedy provided in this subsection shall not preclude any remedy available under State or Federal law.

Jurisdiction of district courts; exhaustion of administrative or other remedies unnecessary

The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section and shall exercise the same without regard to whether a person asserting rights under the provisions of chapters 103 to 107 of this title shall have exhausted any administrative or other remedies that may be provided by law.

Footnotes

1 See References in Text note below.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1965
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Pub. L. 89–110 title I § 12 · 79 Stat. 437
Enacted · 52 U.S.C. § 10308
Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 12, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 443
Source evidence
Code source credit
Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 12, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 443
Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 12. (a) Whoever shall deprive or attempt to deprive any person of any right secured by section 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, or 10 or shall violate section 11 (a) or (b), shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (b) Whoever, within a year following an election in a political subdivision in which an examiner has been appointed (1) destroys, defaces, mutilates, or otherwise alters the marking of a paper ballot which has been cast in such election, or (2) alters any official record of voting in such election tabulated from a voting machine or otherwise, shall be fined not more, than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (c) Whoever conspires to violate the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section, or interferes with any right secured by section 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10, or 11 (a) or (b) shall be fined not more than $5,000, or imprisoned not more than five years, or both. (d) Whenever any person has engaged or there are reasonable grounds to believe that any person is about to engage in any act or practice prohibited by section 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10,11, or subsection (b) of this section, the Attorney General may institute for the United States, or in the name of the United States, an action for preventive relief, including an application for a temporary or permanent injunction, restraining order, or other order, and including an order directed to the State and State or local election officials to require them (1) to permit persons listed under this’Act to vote and (2) to count such votes. (e) Whenever in any political subdivision in which there are examiners appointed pursuant to this Act any persons allege to such an examiner within forty-eight hours after the closing of the polls that, notwithstanding (1) their listing under this Act or registration by an appropriate election official and (2) their eligibility to vote, they have not been permitted to vote in such election, the examiner shall forthwith notify the Attorney General if such allegations in his opinion appear to be well founded. Upon receipt of such notification, the Attorney General may forthwith file with the district court an application for an order providing for the marking, casting, and counting of the ballots of such persons and requiring the inclusion of their votes in the total vote before the results of such election shall be deemed final and any force or effect given thereto. The district court shall hear and determine such matters immediately after the filing of such application. The remedy provided in this subsection shall not preclude any remedy available under State or Federal law. (f) The district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction of proceedings instituted pursuant to this section and shall exercise the same without regard to whether a person asserting rights under the provisions of this Act shall have exhausted any administrative or other remedies that may be provided by law.
1968
Pub. L. 90–284 title I § 103(c) · 82 Stat. 73
Struck · 52 U.S.C. § 10308(a); 52 U.S.C. § 10308(c)
Pub. L. 90–284 struck out reference to violation of section 1973i(b) of this title
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsecs. (a), (c). Pub. L. 90–284 struck out reference to violation of section 1973i(b) of this title.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(c) Subsections (a) and (c) of section 12 of the Voting Rights Act of 1966 (79 Stat 443, 444) are amended by striking out the words “or 42 USC 1973. (b)” following the words “11 (a)”
2006
Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006
Pub. L. 109–246 § 3(e)(2) · 120 Stat. 577
Struck · 52 U.S.C. § 10308(a)
Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(e)(2), struck out “1973e,” after “1973c,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(e)(2), struck out “1973e,” after “1973c,”.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Subsections (a) and (c) of section 12 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973j(a) and 1973j(c)) are each amended by striking “7,”.
2006
Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006
Pub. L. 109–246 § 3(d)(3) · 120 Stat. 577
Substituted · 52 U.S.C. § 10308(b)
Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(3), substituted “an observer has been assigned” for “an examiner has been appointed”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(3), substituted “an observer has been assigned” for “an examiner has been appointed”.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(3) Section 12(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973j(b)) is amended by striking “an examiner has been appointed” and inserting “an observer has been assigned”.
2006
Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006
Pub. L. 109–246 § 3(e)(2) · 120 Stat. 577
Struck · 52 U.S.C. § 10308(c)
Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(e)(2), struck out “1973e,” after “1973c,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(e)(2), struck out “1973e,” after “1973c,”.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Subsections (a) and (c) of section 12 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973j(a) and 1973j(c)) are each amended by striking “7,”.
2006
Fannie Lou Hamer, Rosa Parks, and Coretta Scott King Voting Rights Act Reauthorization and Amendments Act of 2006
Pub. L. 109–246 § 3(d)(4) · 120 Stat. 577
1. Substituted · 52 U.S.C. § 10308(e)
  Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(4), substituted “observers” for “examiners”
2. Substituted · 52 U.S.C. § 10308(e)
  Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(4), substituted “observer” for “examiner” in two places
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(4), substituted “observers” for “examiners” and substituted “observer” for “examiner” in two places.
Enacted provision · exact public law section
(4) Section 12(e) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. 1973j(e)) is amended— (A) by striking “examiners” and inserting “observers”; and (B) by striking “examiner” each place it appears and inserting “observer”.

7 of 7 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

References in Text

Section 1973e of title 42, referred to in subsec. (d), was repealed by Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(c), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 580.

Codification

Section was formerly classified to section 1973j of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, prior to editorial reclassification and renumbering as this section. Some section numbers referenced in amendment notes below reflect the classification of such sections prior to their editorial reclassification to this title.

Amendments1968–2006 · 2 rounds

2006

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(e)(2), struck out “1973e,” after “1973c,”.

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(3), substituted “an observer has been assigned” for “an examiner has been appointed”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(e)(2), struck out “1973e,” after “1973c,”.

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(4), substituted “observers” for “examiners” and substituted “observer” for “examiner” in two places.

1968

Subsecs. (a), (c). Pub. L. 90–284 struck out reference to violation of section 1973i(b) of this title.

Credits

1965–2006 · 4 acts

1965Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 12, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 443
1968Pub. L. 90–284, title I, § 103(c), Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 75
1970renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314
2006Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(3), (4), (e)(2), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 580.

Show as published

(Pub. L. 89–110, title I, § 12, Aug. 6, 1965, 79 Stat. 443; Pub. L. 90–284, title I, § 103(c), Apr. 11, 1968, 82 Stat. 75; renumbered title I, Pub. L. 91–285, § 2, June 22, 1970, 84 Stat. 314; Pub. L. 109–246, § 3(d)(3), (4), (e)(2), July 27, 2006, 120 Stat. 580.)