§ 5924. Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1990

   Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990

   Pub. L. 101–624 title XVI § 1671 · 104 Stat. 3359

   Enacted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924

   Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1671, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3769

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   Pub. L. 101–624, title XVI, § 1671, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3769

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 1671. PLANT GENOME MAPPING PROGRAM. (a) Program Required.— The Secretary of Agriculture (hereinafter in this section referred to as the “Secretary”) shall conduct a research program for the purpose of— (1) supporting basic and applied research and technology development in the area of plant genome structure and function; (2) providing United States leadership in biotechnology; and (3) providing crop varieties that may be cultivated profitably without negatively impacting the environment. (b) Competitive Grants.— The Secretary may make competitive grants, for periods not to exceed five years, to State agricultural experiment stations, all colleges and universities, other research institutions and organizations, Federal agencies, private organizations or corporations, and individuals for research projects in the research areas identified in subsection (c). (c) Research Areas.— Grants available under subsection (b) shall be awarded in the following research areas: (1) Construction of plant genome maps. (2) Identification, characterization, transfer, and expression of genes of agricultural importance. (3) Technology development in the areas of plant genome mapping, sequencing, gene transfer, and data management. (4) Research on microorganisms associated with plants, such as plant pathogens and plant symbionts. (d) Plan for Making Grants.— Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall submit to the Congress a detailed plan for awarding grants under this section. (e) Coordination of Efforts.— The Secretary shall coordinate activities under this section with related activities sponsored by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Energy, and the Department of Commerce. (f) Proprietary Interests.— The Secretary shall require (when the Secretary considers it to be appropriate) licensing and patent agreements, copyright fees, royalties, or other fee arrangements on the sales of products and new uses, applications, technologies, or processes developed through assistance provided under this section. (g) Reports.— The Secretary shall submit to the Congress an annual report describing the operations of the grant program authorized by this section during the preceding fiscal year. (h) Authorizations of Appropriations.— There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out this section.

2. 1995

   Federal Reports Elimination and Sunset Act of 1995

   Pub. L. 104–66 title I § 1011(s) · 109 Stat. 707

   1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(g); 7 U.S.C. § 5924(h)

      Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsec. (h) as (g)

   2. Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(g); 7 U.S.C. § 5924(h)

      Pub. L. 104–66 struck out former subsec. (g) which required Secretary to submit annual reports to Congress describing operations of grant program for plant genome mapping

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsecs. (g), (h). Pub. L. 104–66 redesignated subsec. (h) as (g) and struck out former subsec. (g) which required Secretary to submit annual reports to Congress describing operations of grant program for plant genome mapping.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (s) Report on Plant Genome Mapping.— Section 1671 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924) is amended— (1) by striking subsection (g); and (2) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (g).

3. 1996

   Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–127 title VIII § 835 · 110 Stat. 888

   Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(g)

   Pub. L. 104–127 inserted “for fiscal years 1996 and 1997” after “appropriated”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 104–127 inserted “for fiscal years 1996 and 1997” after “appropriated”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 835. PLANT GENOME MAPPING PROGRAM. Section 1671(g) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(g)) is amended by inserting “for fiscal years 1996 and 1997” after “appropriated”.

4. 1998

   Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998

   Pub. L. 105–185 title II § 241 · 112 Stat. 523

   1. Amended · 7 U.S.C. § 5924

      Pub. L. 105–185 amended section catchline and text generally

   2. Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924

      Pub. L. 105–185 substituting present provisions for provisions which in subsec. (a) required plant genome mapping program, in subsec. (b) authorized competitive grants for research projects, in subsec. (c) described research areas for projects, in subsec. (d) set forth deadline for submission of plan for awarding grants, in subsec. (e) directed coordination of section activities with certain related activities, in subsec. (f) required protection of proprietary interests when considered to be appropriate, and in subsec. (g) authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to carry out this section

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 105–185 amended section catchline and text generally, substituting present provisions for provisions which in subsec. (a) required plant genome mapping program, in subsec. (b) authorized competitive grants for research projects, in subsec. (c) described research areas for projects, in subsec. (d) set forth deadline for submission of plan for awarding grants, in subsec. (e) directed coordination of section activities with certain related activities, in subsec. (f) required protection of proprietary interests when considered to be appropriate, and in subsec. (g) authorized appropriations for fiscal years 1996 and 1997 to carry out this section.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 241. AGRICULTURAL GENOME INITIATIVE. Section 1671 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924) is amended to read as follows: “SEC. 1671. AGRICULTURAL GENOME INITIATIVE. “(a) Goals.— The goals of this section are— “(1) to expand the knowledge of public and private sector entities and persons concerning genomes for species of importance to the food and agriculture sectors in order to maximize the return on the investment in genomics of agriculturally important species; “(2) to focus on the species that will yield scientifically important results that will enhance the usefulness of many agriculturally important species; “(3) to build on genomic research, such as the Human Genome Initiative and the Arabidopsis Genome Project, to understand gene structure and function that is expected to have considerable payoffs in agriculturally important species; “(4) to develop improved bioinformatics to enhance both sequence or structure determination and analysis of the biological function of genes and gene products; “(5) to encourage Federal Government participants to maximize the utility of public and private partnerships for agricultural genome research; “(6) to allow resources developed under this section, including data, software, germplasm, and other biological materials, to be openly accessible to all persons, subject to any confidentiality requirements imposed by law; and “(7) to encourage international partnerships with each partner country responsible for financing its own strategy for agricultural genome research. “(b) Duties of Secretary.— The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall conduct a research initiative (to be known as the ‘Agricultural Genome Initiative’) for the purpose of— “(1) studying and mapping agriculturally significant genes to achieve sustainable and secure agricultural production; “(2) ensuring that current gaps in existing agricultural genetics knowledge are filled; “(3) identifying and developing a functional understanding of genes responsible for economically important traits in agriculturally important species, including emerging plant and animal diseases causing economic hardship; “(4) ensuring future genetic improvement of agriculturally important species; “(5) supporting preservation of diverse germplasm; “(6) ensuring preservation of biodiversity to maintain access to genes that may be of importance in the future; and “(7) otherwise carrying out this section. “(c) Grants and Cooperative Agreements.— “(1) Authority.— The Secretary may make grants or enter into cooperative agreements with individuals and organizations in accordance with section 1472 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3318). “(2) Competitive basis.— A grant or cooperative agreement under this subsection shall be made or entered into on a competitive basis. “(d) Administration.— Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11) of subsection (b) of the Competitive, Special, and Facilities Research Grant Act (7 U.S.C. 450i) shall apply with respect to the making of a grant or cooperative agreement under this section. “(e) Matching of Funds.— “(1) General requirement.— If a grant or cooperative agreement under this section provides a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, the Secretary shall require the recipient to provide funds or in-kind support to match the amount of funds provided by the Secretary under the grant or cooperative agreement. “(2) Waiver.— The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement of paragraph (1) with respect to a research project if the Secretary determines that— “(A) the results of the project, while of particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, are likely to be applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or “(B) the project involves a minor commodity, the project deals with scientifically important research, and the recipient is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement. “(f) Consultation With National Academy of Sciences.— The Secretary may use funds made available under this section to consult with the National Academy of Sciences regarding the administration of the Agricultural Genome Initiative.”.

5. 2002

   Pub. L. 107–171 § 7208(a)(1) · 116 Stat. 134

   Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)(3)

   Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(1), inserted “pathogens and” before “diseases causing economic hardship”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(1), inserted “pathogens and” before “diseases causing economic hardship”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) in paragraph (3), by inserting “pathogens and” before “diseases causing economic hardship”;

6. 2002

   Pub. L. 107–171 § 7208(a)(2) · 116 Stat. 134

   1. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)(7); 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)(8)

      Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(2)–(4), added par. (7)

   2. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)(7); 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)(8)

      Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(2)–(4), redesignated former par. (7) as (8)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(7), (8). Pub. L. 107–171, § 7208(a)(2)–(4), added par. (7) and redesignated former par. (7) as (8).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) in paragraph (6), by striking “and” at the end;

7. 2008

   Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008

   Pub. L. 110–246 § 7406(d)(2) · 122 Stat. 1651

   Substituted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(d)

   Pub. L. 110–246, § 7406(d)(2), substituted “Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B)” for “Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11)”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 110–246, § 7406(d)(2), substituted “Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B)” for “Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11)”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Section 1671(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(d) is amended by striking “Paragraphs (1), (6), (7), and (11)” and inserting “Paragraphs (4), (7), (8), and (11)(B)”.

8. 2014

   Agricultural Act of 2014

   Pub. L. 113–79 § 7208 · 128 Stat. 649

   Added · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(c)(3)

   Pub. L. 113–79, § 7208, added par. (3)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7208, added par. (3).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 7208. AGRICULTURAL GENOME INITIATIVE.   Section 1671(c) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following: “(3) Consortia.— The Secretary shall encourage awards under this section to consortia of eligible entities.” .

9. 2014

   Agricultural Act of 2014

   Pub. L. 113–79 § 7128(b)(2)(B) · 128 Stat. 649

   1. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(e); 7 U.S.C. § 5924(f)

      Pub. L. 113–79, § 7128(b)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e)

   2. Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(e); 7 U.S.C. § 5924(f)

      Pub. L. 113–79, § 7128(b)(2)(B), struck out former subsec. (e) which related to matching of funds

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsecs. (e), (f). Pub. L. 113–79, § 7128(b)(2)(B), redesignated subsec. (f) as (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which related to matching of funds.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (B) in section 1671 (7 U.S.C. 5924)— (i) by striking subsection (e); and (ii) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (e);

10. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7208(1) · 132 Stat. 4490

    Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924

    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(1), inserted “to Phenome” after “Genome” in section catchline

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(1), inserted “to Phenome” after “Genome” in section catchline.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in the section heading, by inserting “to phenome” after “genome”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

11. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7208(2) · 132 Stat. 4490

    1. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(a)

       Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(2), added subsec. (a)

    2. Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(a)

       Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(2), struck out former subsec. (a) which related to goals for the Agricultural Genome Initiative

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(2), added subsec. (a) and struck out former subsec. (a) which related to goals for the Agricultural Genome Initiative.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: “(a) Goals.— The goals of this section are— “(1) to expand knowledge concerning genomes and phenomes of crops and animals of importance to the agriculture sector of the United States; “(2) to understand how variable weather, environments, and production systems impact the growth and productivity of specific varieties of crops and species of animals in order to provide greater accuracy in predicting crop and animal performance under variable conditions; “(3) to support research that leverages plant and animal genomic information with phenotypic and environmental data through an interdisciplinary framework, leading to a novel understanding of plant and animal processes that affect growth, productivity, and the ability to predict performance, which will result in the deployment of superior varieties and species to producers and improved crop and animal management recommendations for farmers and ranchers; “(4) to catalyze and coordinate research that links genomics and predictive phenomics at different sites across the United States to achieve advances in crops and animals that generate societal benefits; “(5) to combine fields such as genetics, genomics, plant physiology, agronomy, climatology, and crop modeling with computation and informatics, statistics, and engineering; “(6) to combine fields such as genetics, genomics, animal physiology, meat science, animal nutrition, and veterinary science with computation and informatics, statistics, and engineering; “(7) to focus on crops and animals that will yield scientifically important results that will enhance the usefulness of many other crops and animals; “(8) to build on genomic research, such as the Plant Genome Research Project and the National Animal Genome Research Program, to understand gene function in production environments that is expected to have considerable returns for crops and animals of importance to the agriculture of the United States; “(9) to develop improved data analytics to enhance understanding of the biological function of genes; “(10) to allow resources developed under this section, including data, software, germplasm, and other biological materials, to be openly accessible to all persons, subject to any confidentiality requirements imposed by law; and “(11) to encourage international partnerships with each partner country responsible for financing its own research.” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

12. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7208(3) · 132 Stat. 4490

    1. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)

       Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(3), added subsec. (b)

    2. Struck · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(b)

       Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(3), struck out former subsec. (b) which related to duties of the Secretary of Agriculture under the Agricultural Genome Initiative

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(3), added subsec. (b) and struck out former subsec. (b) which related to duties of the Secretary of Agriculture under the Agricultural Genome Initiative.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: “(b) Duties of Secretary.— The Secretary of Agriculture (referred to in this section as the ‘Secretary’) shall conduct a research initiative, to be known as the ‘Agricultural Genome to Phenome Initiative’, for the purpose of— “(1) studying agriculturally significant crops and animals in production environments to achieve sustainable and secure agricultural production; “(2) ensuring that current gaps in existing knowledge of agricultural crop and animal genetics and phenomics are filled; “(3) identifying and developing a functional understanding of relevant genes from animals and agronomically relevant genes from crops that are of importance to the agriculture sector of the United States; “(4) ensuring future genetic improvement of crops and animals of importance to the agriculture sector of the United States; “(5) studying the relevance of diverse germplasm as a source of unique genes that may be of importance in the future; “(6) enhancing genetics to reduce the economic impact of pathogens on crops and animals of importance to the agriculture sector of the United States; “(7) disseminating findings to relevant audiences; and “(8) otherwise carrying out this section.” ;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

13. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7208(4) · 132 Stat. 4490

    Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(c)(1)

    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(4), inserted “, acting through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,” after “The Secretary”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(4), inserted “, acting through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,” after “The Secretary”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) in subsection (c)(1), by inserting “, acting through the National Institute of Food and Agriculture,” after “The Secretary”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

14. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7208(5) · 132 Stat. 4490

    Inserted · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(e)

    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(5), inserted “to Phenome” after “Genome”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(5), inserted “to Phenome” after “Genome”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) in subsection (e), by inserting “to Phenome” after “Genome”; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

15. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7614(b)(2)(B) · 132 Stat. 4490

    1. Added · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(f)

       Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B), added subsec. (f)

    2. Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(f)

       Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B), redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B), added subsec. (f) and redesignated former subsec. (f) as (g).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) Agricultural genome initiative.— Section 1671 of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5924) (as amended by section 7208) is amended— (i) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and (ii) by inserting after subsection (e) the following: “(f) Matching Funds Requirement.— “(1) In general.— Subject to paragraph (3), with respect to a grant or cooperative agreement under this section that provides a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, the recipient of funds under the grant or cooperative agreement shall provide non-Federal matching funds (including funds from an agricultural commodity promotion, research, and information program) equal to not less than the amount provided under the grant or cooperative agreement. “(2) In-kind support.— Non-Federal matching funds described in paragraph (1) may include in-kind support. “(3) Waiver.— The Secretary may waive the matching funds requirement under paragraph (1) with respect to a research project if the Secretary determines that— “(A) the results of the project are of a particular benefit to a specific agricultural commodity, but those results are likely to be applicable to agricultural commodities generally; or “(B) (i) the project— “(I) involves a minor commodity; and “(II) deals with scientifically important research; and “(ii) the recipient is unable to satisfy the matching funds requirement.” .

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

16. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7208(6) · 132 Stat. 4490

    Added · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(f)

    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(6), added subsec. (f)

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7208(6), added subsec. (f).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (6) by adding at the end the following: “(f) Authorization of Appropriations.— There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this section $40,000,000 for each of fiscal years 2019 through 2023.” .

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

17. 2018

    Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018

    Pub. L. 115–334 § 7614(b)(2)(B)(i) · 132 Stat. 4490

    Redesignated · 7 U.S.C. § 5924(g)

    Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B)(i), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 115–334, § 7614(b)(2)(B)(i), redesignated subsec. (f) as (g).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (i) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (g); and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by section 7614(b)(2)(B) of Pub. L. 115–334 applicable to grants, cooperative agreements, or other awards made after Dec. 20, 2018, with matching funds requirement in effect on Dec. 20, 2018, to continue to apply to such grant, cooperative agreement, or other award, see section 7614(c) of Pub. L. 115–334, set out as a note under section 3151 of this title.

24 of 24 references resolved to an enrolled provision