§ 1158. Asylum

Footnotes

1. 1 So in original. Probably should be “sections”.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

1. 1952

   Refugee Act of 1980

   Pub. L. 96–212 title II § 201(b) · 94 Stat. 102

   Enacted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158

   June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 1, § 208, as added Pub. L. 96–212, title II, § 201(b), Mar. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 105

   Source evidence

   Code source credit
   June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title II, ch. 1, § 208, as added Pub. L. 96–212, title II, § 201(b), Mar. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 105

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Chapter 1 of title II of such Act is amended by adding after section 206 (8 U.S.C. 1156) the following new sections: “Sec. 207. “annual admission of refugees and admission of emergency situation refugees (a) (1) Except as provided in subsection (b), the number of Entry, numerical limitations. 8 USC 1157. refugees who may be admitted under this section in fiscal year 1980, 1981, or 1982, may not exceed fifty thousand unless the President determines, before the beginning of the fiscal year and after appropriate consultation (as defined in subsection (e)), that admission of a specific number of refugees in excess of such number is justified by humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the national interest. “(2) Except as provided in subsection (b), the number of refugees who may be admitted under this section in any fiscal year after fiscal year 1982 shall be such number as the President determines, before the beginning of the fiscal year and after appropriate consultation, is justified by humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the national interest. “(3) Admissions under this subsection shall be allocated among refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United States in accordance with a determination made by the President after appropriate consultation. “(b) If the President determines, after appropriate consultation, Emergency conditions. that (1) an unforeseen emergency refugee situation exists, (2) the admission of certain refugees in response to the emergency refugee situation is justified by grave humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the national interest, and (3) the admission to the United States of these refugees cannot be accomplished under subsection (a), the President may fix a number of refugees to be admitted to the United States during the succeeding period (not to exceed twelve months) in response to the emergency refugee situation and such admissions shall be allocated among refugees of special humanitarian concern to the United States in accordance with a determination made by the President after the appropriate consultation provided under this subsection. “(c) (1) Subject to the numerical limitations established pursuant Attorney General s authority. to subsections (a) and (b), the Attorney General may, in the Attorney General’s discretion and pursuant to such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, admit any refugee who is not firmly resettled in any foreign county, is determined to be of special humanitarian concern to the United States, and is admissible (except as otherwide provided under paragraph (3)) as an immigrant under this Act. “(2) A spouse or child (as defined in section 101(b)(1) (A), (B), (C), (D), Spouse or child, admission status. 8 USC 1101. Ante, p. 102. or (E)) of any refugee who qualifies for admission under paragraph (1) shall, if not otherwise entitled to admission under paragraph (1) and if not a person described in the second sentence of section 101(a)(42), be entitled to the same admission status as such refugee if accompanying, or following to join, such refugee and if the spouse or child is admissible (except as otherwise provided under paragraph (3)) as an immigrant under this Act. Upon the spouse’s or child’s admission to the United States, such admission shall be charged against the numerical limitation established in accordance with the appropriate subsection under which the refugee’s admission is charged. “(3) The provisions of paragraphs (14), (15), (20), (21), (25), and (32) of section 212(a) shall not be applicable to any alien seeking admission to the United States under this subsection, and the Attorney General may waive any other provision of such section (other than paragraph (27), (29), or (33) and other than so much of paragraph (23) as relates to trafficking in narcotics) with respect to such an alien for humanitarian purposes, to assure family unity, or when it is otherwise in the public interest. Any such waiver by the Attorney General shall be in writing and shall be granted only on an individual basis following an Report to Congress. investigation. The Attorney General shall provide for the annual reporting to Congress of the number of waivers granted under this paragraph in the previous fiscal year and a summary of the reasons for granting such waivers. “(4) The refugee status of any alien (and of the spouse or child of the alien) may be terminated by the Attorney General pursuant to such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe if the Attorney General determines that the alien was not in fact a refugee within Ante, p. 102. Report to congressional committees. the meaning of section 101(a)(42) at the time of the alien’s admission. “(d) (1) Before the start of each fiscal year the President shall report to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate regarding the foreseeable number of refugees who will be in need of resettlement during the fiscal year and the anticipated allocation of refugee admissions during the fiscal year. The President shall provide for periodic discussions between designated representatives of the President and members of such committees regarding changes in the worldwide refugee situation, the progress of refugee admissions, and the possible need for adjustments in the allocation of admissions among refugees. “(2) As soon as possible after representatives of the President initiate appropriate consultation with respect to the number of refugee admissions under subsection (a) or with respect to the admission of refugees in response to an emergency refugee situation under subsection (b), the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and of the Senate shall cause to have printed in the Congressional Record the substance of such consultation. “(3) (A) After the President initiates appropriate consultation prior to making a determination under subsection (a), a hearing to review the proposed determination shall be held unless public disclosure of the details of the proposal would jeopardize the lives or safety of individuals. “(B) After the President initiates appropriate consultation prior to making a determination, under subsection (b), that the number of refugee admissions should be increased because of an unforeseen emergency refugee situation, to the extent that time and the nature of the emergency refugee situation permit, a hearing to review the proposal to increase refugee admissions shall be held unless public disclosure of the details of the proposal would jeopardize the lives or safety of individuals. “(e) For purposes of this section, the term ’appropriate consultation’ means, with respect to the admission of refugees and allocation of refugee admissions, discussions in person by designated Cabinet-level representatives of the President with members of the Committees on the Judiciary of the Senate and of the House of Representatives to review the refugee situation or emergency refugee situation, to project the extent of possible participation of the United States therein, to discuss the reasons for believing that the proposed admission of refugees is justified by humanitarian concerns or grave humanitarian concerns or is otherwise in the national interest, and to provide such members with the following information: “(1) A description of the nature of the refugee situation. “(2) A description of the number and allocation of the refugees to be admitted and an analysis of conditions within the countries from which they came. “(3) A description of the proposed plans for their movement and resettlement and the estimated cost of their movement and resettlement. “(4) An analysis of the anticipated social, economic, and demographic impact of their admission to the United States. “(5) A description of the extent to which other countries will admit and assist in the resettlement of such refugees. “(6) An analysis of the impact of the participation of the United States in the resettlement of such refugees on the foreign policy interests of the United States. “(7) Such additional information as may be appropriate or requested by such members. To the extent possible, information described in this subsection shall be provided at least two weeks in advance of discussions in person by designated representatives of the President with such members. “Sec. 208. “asylum procedure (a) The Attorney General shall establish a procedure for 8 USC 1158. an alien physically present in the United States or at a land border or port of entry, irrespective of such alien’s status, to apply for asylum, and the alien may be granted asylum in the discretion of the Attorney General if the Attorney General determines that such alien is a refugee within the meaning of section 101(a)(42)(A). Ante, p. 102. Termination. “(b) Asylum granted under subsection (a) may be terminated if the Attorney General, pursuant to such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, determines that the alien is no longer a refugee within the meaning of section 101(a)(42)(A) owing to a change in circumstances in the alien’s country of nationality or, in the case of an alien having no nationality, in the country in which the alien last habitually resided. “(c) A spouse or child (as defined in section 101(b)(1) (A), (B), (C), (D), Spouse or child, status. 8 USC 1101. or (E)) of an alien who is granted asylum under subsection (a) may, if not otherwise eligible for asylum under such subsection, be granted the same status as the alien if accompanying, or following to join, such alien. “Sec. 209. “adjustment of status of refugees (a) (1) Any alien who has been admitted to the United 8 USC 1159. Ante, p. 103. States under section 207— “(A) whose admission has not been terminated by the Attorney General pursuant to such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, “(B) who has been physically present in the United States for at least one year, and “(C) who has not acquired permanent resident status, shall, at the end of such year period, return or be returned to the custody of the Service for inspection and examination for admission to the United States as an immigrant in accordance with the provisions of sections 235, 236, and 237. 8 USC 1225, 1226, 1227. “(2) Any alien who is found upon inspection and examination by an immigration officer pursuant to paragraph (1) or after a hearing before a special inquiry officer to be admissible (except as otherwise provided under subsection (c)) as an immigrant under this Act at the time of the alien’s inspection and examination shall, notwithstanding any numerical limitation specified in this Act, be regarded as lawfully admitted to the United States for permanent residence as of the date of such alien’s arrival into the United States. “(b) Not more than five thousand of the refugee admissions authorized Ante, p. 103. under section 207(a) in any fiscal year may be made available by the Attorney General, in the Attorney General’s discretion and under such regulations as the Attorney General may prescribe, to adjust to the status of an alien lawfully admitted for permanent residence the status of any alien granted asylum who— “(1) applies for such adjustment, “(2) has been physically present in the United States for at least one year after being granted asylum, “(3) continues to be a refugee within the meaning of section 101(a)(42)(A) or a spouse or child of such a refugee, “(4) is not firmly resettled in any foreign country, and “(5) is admissible (except as otherwise provided under subsection (c)) as an immigrant under this Act at the time of examination for adjustment of such alien. Alien’s admission record. Upon approval of an application under this subsection, the Attorney General shall establish a record of the alien’s admission for lawful permanent residence as of the date one year before the date of the approval of the application. “(c) The provisions of paragraphs (14), (15), (20), (21), (25), and (32) of 8 USC 1182. section 212(a) shall not be applicable to any alien seeking adjustment of status under this section, and the Attorney General may waive any other provision of such section (other than paragraph (27), (29), or (33) and other than so much of paragraph (23) as relates to trafficking in narcotics) with respect to such an alien for humanitarian purposes, to assure family unity, or when it is otherwise in the public interest.”.

2. 1990

   Immigration Act of 1990

   Pub. L. 101–649 title V § 515(a)(1) · 104 Stat. 4978

   Added · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(d)

   Pub. L. 101–649 added subsec. (d)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–649 added subsec. (d).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) Section 208 (8 U.S.C. 1158) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(d) An alien who has been convicted of an aggravated felony, notwithstanding subsection (a), may not apply for or be granted asylum.”.

3. 1994

   Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

   Pub. L. 103–322 title XIII § 130005(b) · 108 Stat. 1796

   Added · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(e)

   Pub. L. 103–322 added subsec. (e)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 103–322 added subsec. (e).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (b) Employment Authorization.— Section 208 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1158) is amended by adding at the end the following new subsection: “(e) An applicant for asylum is not entitled to employment authorization except as may be provided by regulation in the discretion of the Attorney General.”.

4. 1996

   Pub. L. 104–132 § 421(a) · 110 Stat. 1214

   Inserted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)

   Pub. L. 104–132, § 421(a), inserted at end “The Attorney General may not grant an alien asylum if the Attorney General determines that the alien is excludable under subclause (I), (II), or (III) of section 1182(a)(3)(B)(i) of this title or deportable under section 1251(a)(4)(B) of this title, unless the Attorney General determines, in the discretion of the Attorney General, that there are not reasonable grounds for regarding the alien as a danger to the security of the United States.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 104–132, § 421(a), inserted at end “The Attorney General may not grant an alien asylum if the Attorney General determines that the alien is excludable under subclause (I), (II), or (III) of section 1182(a)(3)(B)(i) of this title or deportable under section 1251(a)(4)(B) of this title, unless the Attorney General determines, in the discretion of the Attorney General, that there are not reasonable grounds for regarding the alien as a danger to the security of the United States.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (a) In General.— Section 208(a) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1158(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following: “The Attorney General may not grant an alien asylum if the Attorney General determines that the alien is excludable under subclause (I), (II), or (III) of section 212(a)(3)(B)(i) or deportable under section 241(a)(4)(B), unless the Attorney General determines, in the discretion of the Attorney General, that there are not reasonable grounds for regarding the alien as a danger to the security of the United States.”.

5. 1996

   NATO Enlargement Facilitation Act of 1996

   Pub. L. 104–208 div. C title VI § 604(a) · 110 Stat. 3009

   1. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158

      Pub. L. 104–208 substituted “Asylum” for “Asylum procedure” as section catchline

   2. Amended · 8 U.S.C. § 1158

      Pub. L. 104–208 amended text generally

   3. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158

      Pub. L. 104–208 substituting subsecs. (a) to (d) for former subsecs. (a) to (e)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Pub. L. 104–208 substituted “Asylum” for “Asylum procedure” as section catchline and amended text generally, substituting subsecs. (a) to (d) for former subsecs. (a) to (e).

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   Sec. 604. If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision to any person or circumstances shall be held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of each provision to persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid shall not be affected thereby.

6. 2001

   International Money Laundering Abatement and Financial Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001

   Pub. L. 107–56 title IV § 411(b)(2) · 115 Stat. 272

   Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(2)(A)(v)

   Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “(III), (IV), or (VI)” for “(III), or (IV)”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(v). Pub. L. 107–56 substituted “(III), (IV), or (VI)” for “(III), or (IV)”.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (2) Section 208(b)(2)(A)(v) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1158(b)(2)(A)(v)) is amended by striking “or (IV)” and inserting “(IV), or (VI)”.

7. 2002

   Child Status Protection Act

   Pub. L. 107–208 § 4 · 116 Stat. 927

   Amended · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(3)

   Pub. L. 107–208 reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A spouse or child (as defined in section 1101(b)(1)(A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of this title) of an alien who is granted asylum under this subsection may, if not otherwise eligible for asylum under this section, be granted the same status as the alien if accompanying, or following to join, such alien.”

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(3). Pub. L. 107–208 reenacted heading without change and amended text generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “A spouse or child (as defined in section 1101(b)(1)(A), (B), (C), (D), or (E) of this title) of an alien who is granted asylum under this subsection may, if not otherwise eligible for asylum under this section, be granted the same status as the alien if accompanying, or following to join, such alien.”

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   SEC. 4. USE OF AGE ON PARENTS APPLICATION FILING DATE IN DETERMINING ELIGIBILITY FOR ASYLUM. Section 208(b)(3) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1158(b)(3)) is amended to read as follows: “(3) Treatment of spouse and children.— “(A) In general.— A spouse or child (as defined in section 101(b)(1) (A), (B), (C), (D), or (E)) of an alien who is granted asylum under this subsection may, if not otherwise eligible for asylum under this section, be granted the same status as the alien if accompanying, or following to join, such alien. “(B) Continued classification of certain aliens as children.— An unmarried alien who seeks to accompany, or follow to join, a parent granted asylum under this subsection, and who was under 21 years of age on the date on which such parent applied for asylum under this section, shall continue to be classified as a child for purposes of this paragraph and section 209(b)(3), if the alien attained 21 years of age after such application was filed but while it was pending.”.

8. 2005

   REAL ID Act of 2005

   Pub. L. 109–13 § 101(a)(1) · 119 Stat. 231

   1. Amended · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)

      Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A)

   2. Inserted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)

      Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(1), (2), inserted subpar. heading

   3. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)

      Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(1), (2), substituted “The Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General” for “The Attorney General” in two places

   4. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)

      Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(1), (2), substituted “the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General” for “the Attorney General” in two places

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(1), (2), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A), inserted subpar. heading, and substituted “The Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General” for “The Attorney General” and “the Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General” for “the Attorney General” in two places.

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (1) by striking “The Attorney General” the first place such term appears and inserting the following: “(A) Eligibility.— The Secretary of Homeland Security or the Attorney General” ;

9. 2005

   REAL ID Act of 2005

   Pub. L. 109–13 § 101(a)(3) · 119 Stat. 231

   Added · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)

   Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(3), added subpar. (B)

   Source evidence

   Code amendment note
   Subsec. (b)(1)(B). Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(a)(3), added subpar. (B)

   Enacted provision · exact public law section
   (3) by adding at the end the following: “(B) Burden of proof.— “(i) In general.— The burden of proof is on the applicant to establish that the applicant is a refugee, within the meaning of section 101(a)(42)(A). To establish that the applicant is a refugee within the meaning of such section, the applicant must establish that race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion was or will be at least one central reason for persecuting the applicant. “(ii) Sustaining burden.— The testimony of the applicant may be sufficient to sustain the applicant’s burden without corroboration, but only if the applicant satisfies the trier of fact that the applicant’s testimony is credible, is persuasive, and refers to specific facts sufficient to demonstrate that the applicant is a refugee. In determining whether the applicant has met the applicant’s burden, the trier of fact may weigh the credible testimony along with other evidence of record. Where the trier of fact determines that the applicant should provide evidence that corroborates otherwise credible testimony, such evidence must be provided unless the applicant does not have the evidence and cannot reasonably obtain the evidence. “(iii) Credibility determination.— Considering the totality of the circumstances, and all relevant factors, a trier of fact may base a credibility determination on the demeanor, candor, or responsiveness of the applicant or witness, the inherent plausibility of the applicant’s or witness’s account, the consistency between the applicant’s or witness’s written and oral statements (whenever made and whether or not under oath, and considering the circumstances under which the statements were made), the internal consistency of each such statement, the consistency of such statements with other evidence of record (including the reports of the Department of State on country conditions), and any inaccuracies or falsehoods in such statements, without regard to whether an inconsistency, inaccuracy, or falsehood goes to the heart of the applicant’s claim, or any other relevant factor. There is no presumption of credibility, however, if no adverse credibility determination is explicitly made, the applicant or witness shall have a rebuttable presumption of credibility on appeal.” .

10. 2005

    REAL ID Act of 2005

    Pub. L. 109–13 § 101(b) · 119 Stat. 231

    1. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(2)(A)(v)

       Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(b), substituted “described in” for “inadmissible under” in two places

    2. Struck · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(2)(A)(v)

       Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(b), struck out “removable under” before “section 1227(a)(4)(B)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(2)(A)(v). Pub. L. 109–13, § 101(b), substituted “described in” for “inadmissible under” in two places and struck out “removable under” before “section 1227(a)(4)(B)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (b) Exceptions to Eligibility for Asylum.— Section 208(b)(2)(A)(v) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1158(b)(2)(A)(v)) is amended— (1) by striking “inadmissible under” each place such term appears and inserting “described in”; and (2) by striking “removable under”.

11. 2008

    Consolidated Natural Resources Act of 2008

    Pub. L. 110–229 title VII § 702(j)(4) · 122 Stat. 754

    Added · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(e)

    Pub. L. 110–229 added subsec. (e)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 110–229 added subsec. (e).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) in section 208, 8 USC 1158. by adding at the end the following: “(e) Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.— The provisions of this section and section 209(b) shall apply to persons physically present in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands or arriving in the Commonwealth (whether or not at a designated port of arrival and including persons who are brought to the Commonwealth after having been interdicted in international or United States waters) only on or after January 1, 2014.” ; and

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 110–229 effective on the transition program effective date described in section 1806 of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions, see section 705(b) of Pub. L. 110–229, set out as an Effective Date note under section 1806 of Title 48.

12. 2008

    William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008

    Pub. L. 110–457 § 235(d)(7)(A) · 122 Stat. 5044

    Added · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(E)

    Pub. L. 110–457, § 235(d)(7)(A), added subpar. (E)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a)(2)(E). Pub. L. 110–457, § 235(d)(7)(A), added subpar. (E).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in subsection (a)(2), by adding at the end the following: “(E) Applicability.— Subparagraphs (A) and (B) shall not apply to an unaccompanied alien child (as defined in section 462(g) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279(g))).” ; and

13. 2008

    William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008

    Pub. L. 110–457 § 235(d)(7)(B) · 122 Stat. 5044

    Added · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(3)(C)

    Pub. L. 110–457, § 235(d)(7)(B), added subpar. (C)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b)(3)(C). Pub. L. 110–457, § 235(d)(7)(B), added subpar. (C).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in subsection (b)(3), by adding at the end the following: “(C) Initial jurisdiction.— An asylum officer (as defined in section 235(b)(1)(E)) shall have initial jurisdiction over any asylum application filed by an unaccompanied alien child (as defined in section 462(g) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 279(g))), regardless of whether filed in accordance with this section or section 235(b).” .

14. 2025

    Pub. L. 119–21 title X § 100018 · 139 Stat. 385

    1. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(d)(3)

       Pub. L. 119–21 substituted “shall impose fees” for “may impose fees”

    2. Substituted · 8 U.S.C. § 1158(d)(3)

       Pub. L. 119–21 substituted “Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to limit the authority of the Attorney General to set additional adjudication and naturalization fees in accordance with section 1356(m) of this title.” for “Such fees shall not exceed the Attorney General’s costs in adjudicating the applications. The Attorney General may provide for the assessment and payment of such fees over a period of time or by installments. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require the Attorney General to charge fees for adjudication services provided to asylum applicants, or to limit the authority of the Attorney General to set adjudication and naturalization fees in accordance with section 1356(m) of this title.”

    Unresolved: Pub. L. 119–21 was not found in the local Statutes at Large index.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 119–21 substituted “shall impose fees” for “may impose fees” and “Nothing in this paragraph may be construed to limit the authority of the Attorney General to set additional adjudication and naturalization fees in accordance with section 1356(m) of this title.” for “Such fees shall not exceed the Attorney General’s costs in adjudicating the applications. The Attorney General may provide for the assessment and payment of such fees over a period of time or by installments. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to require the Attorney General to charge fees for adjudication services provided to asylum applicants, or to limit the authority of the Attorney General to set adjudication and naturalization fees in accordance with section 1356(m) of this title.”

19 of 21 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 2 unresolved