Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procedure
Part I · Chapter 47 — Fraud and False Statements
§ 1006. Federal credit institution entries, reports and transactions
Statutory text
Whoever, being an officer, agent or employee of or connected in any capacity with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, National Credit Union Administration, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Farm Credit Administration, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers Home Administration or successor agency, the Rural Development Administration or successor agency, or the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a bank for cooperatives or any lending, mortgage, insurance, credit or savings and loan corporation or association authorized or acting under the laws of the United States or any institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or by the National Credit Union Administration Board or any small business investment company, with intent to defraud any such institution or any other company, body politic or corporate, or any individual, or to deceive any officer, auditor, examiner or agent of any such institution or of department or agency of the United States, makes any false entry in any book, report or statement of or to any such institution, or without being duly authorized, draws any order or bill of exchange, makes any acceptance, or issues, puts forth or assigns any note, debenture, bond or other obligation, or draft, bill of exchange, mortgage, judgment, or decree, or, with intent to defraud the United States or any agency thereof, or any corporation, institution, or association referred to in this section, participates or shares in or receives directly or indirectly any money, profit, property, or benefits through any transaction, loan, commission, contract, or any other act of any such corporation, institution, or association, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683
Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750
Source evidence
Code source credit
June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750Pub. L. 85–699 title VII § 704 · 72 Stat. 689
Changed · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 85–699 included officers, agents or employees of or connected in any capacity with small business investment companies
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 85–699 included officers, agents or employees of or connected in any capacity with small business investment companies.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 704. Section 1006 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation,” the following: “or any small business investment company,”.Pub. L. 87–353 § 3(s) · 75 Stat. 773
Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(s) 62 Stat. 750. Section 1006 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by striking out “Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation,”.Pub. L. 90–19 § 24(a) · 81 Stat. 17
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) Sections 493, 657, and 1006 of title 18, United States Code, are amended by striking out “Federal Housing Administration” 62 Stat. 711. and inserting in lieu thereof “Department of Housing and Urban Development”.Pub. L. 91–468 § 6 · 84 Stat. 994
Added · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 91–468 added National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator to the enumeration of Federal Credit institutions and personnel
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 91–468 added National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator to the enumeration of Federal Credit institutions and personnel.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 6. Section 1006 of title 18 of the United States Code (relating to false entries in reports and transactions of Federal credit institutions) is amended— (1) by inserting the words “National Credit Union Administration,”’ following the words “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,”; and (2) by inserting the words “or by the Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration” following the words “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”.Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
Pub. L. 101–73 § 962(a)(8)(A) · 103 Stat. 183
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(A) Sections 657 and 1006 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,” and inserting in lieu thereof “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a”.Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
Pub. L. 101–73 § 962(a)(7) · 103 Stat. 183
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(7) Changes relating to national credit union administration.— Sections 657, 1006, 1014, and 2113(h) of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration” and inserting “National Credit Union Administration Board”.Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989
Pub. L. 101–73 § 961(e) · 103 Stat. 183
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(e), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$10,000”
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(e), substituted “20 years” for “five years”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(e), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$10,000” and “20 years” for “five years”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(e) Federal Credit Institution Entries, Reports, and Transactions.— Section 1006 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking “$10,000“ and inserting “$1,000,000”; and (2) by striking “five” and inserting “20”.Rural Economic Development Act of 1990
Pub. L. 101–624 title XXIII § 2303(e) · 104 Stat. 3359
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(e) Sections 657, 658,1006, and 1014 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “Fanners’ Home Administration” and inserting “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration”.Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990
Pub. L. 101–647 § 2595(a)(4) · 104 Stat. 4789
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(4), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,”, and directed substitution of “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”, for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(4), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,”, and directed substitution of “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”, for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(4) Federal credit institution entries, reports, and transactions.— Section 1006 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (A) by striking “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,” and inserting “Office of Thrift Supervision, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation,”; and (B) by striking “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” and inserting “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”.Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990
Pub. L. 101–647 § 2504(e) · 104 Stat. 4789
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(e), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(e), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(e) Federal Credit Institution Entries, Reports, and Transactions.— Section 1006 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “20” and inserting “30”.Crime Control Act of 1990
Pub. L. 101–647 § 1603 · 104 Stat. 4789
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
SEC. 1603. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO SUBSTITUTE A REFERENCE TO THE FDIC FOR THE NOW ABOLISHED FSLIC IN TWO BANKING OFFENSES. Sections 657 and 1006 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking out “the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” and inserting in lieu thereof “the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”.Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII § 330004(6) · 108 Stat. 1796
Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” after “in any capacity with the” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” after “Federal Crop Insurance Corporation,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” after “in any capacity with the” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” after “Federal Crop Insurance Corporation,”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(6) in sections 657 and 1006 by striking “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” and striking “Farmers’ Home Corporation,”;Pub. L. 106–78 title VII § 767 · 113 Stat. 1135
Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
Sec. 767. Sections 657, 658, 1006, and 1014 of title 18, United States Code, are amended by— (1) inserting “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” each place it appears; and (2) inserting “or successor agency” after “Rural Development Administration” each place it appears.Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008
Pub. L. 110–289 div. A title II § 1216(c) · 122 Stat. 2654
Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(c) Title 18, United States Code.— Title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “Federal Housing Finance Board” each place such term appears in each of sections 212, 657, 1006, and 1014, and inserting “Federal Housing Finance Agency”.Enhancing Financial Institution Safety and Soundness Act of 2010
Pub. L. 111–203 title III § 377(5) · 124 Stat. 1376
Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 1006
Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision,” after “National Credit Union Administration,” and “the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “the Federal Housing Finance Agency,”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision,” after “National Credit Union Administration,” and “the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “the Federal Housing Finance Agency,”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(5) in section 1006— (A) by striking “Office of Thrift Supervision,”; and (B) by striking “the Resolution Trust Corporation,”;Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.
16 of 17 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 1 partial
Notes
Historical and Revision Notes
1948 Act
Based on sections 1026(b) and 1514(c) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Agriculture, sections 264(u), 984, 1121, 1138d(c), 1311, 1441(c), 1467(c) and 1731(c) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, and section 616(c) of title 15, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 12B(u), as added June 16, 1933, ch. 89, § 8, 48 Stat. 178; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 31, fourth par., 39 Stat. 383; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 211(a), as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, § 2, 42 Stat. 1459; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title II, § 216(a), 42 Stat. 1471; Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, § 16(c), 47 Stat. 11; July 22, 1932, ch. 522, § 21(c), 47 Stat. 738; Ex. Ord. No. 6084, ; June 13, 1933, ch. 64, § 8(c), 48 Stat. 135; June 16, 1933, ch. 98, § 64(c), 48 Stat. 268; Jan. 31, 1934, ch. 7, § 13, 48 Stat. 347; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, § 512(c), 48 Stat. 1265; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, § 101, 49 Stat. 701; July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 52(b), 50 Stat. 532; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 514(c), 52 Stat. 76; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, § 3, 60 Stat. 1064).
Each of the eleven sections from which this section was derived contained similar provisions relating to embezzlement, false entries, and fraudulent issuance or assignment of obligations with respect to one or more named agencies or corporations.
These were divided and the false entry and fraudulent issuance or assignment of obligation provisions of all, form the basis of this section. The remaining provisions of each section, relating to embezzlement and misapplication, form the basis for section 657 of this title. That portion of said section 616(c) of title 15, relating to disclosure of information, forms the basis for section 1904 of this title.
Each revised section condenses and simplifies the constituent provisions without change of substance except as herein indicated.
The punishment provisions in each section were the same except that in section 1026(b) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., and sections 984, 1121, and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., the maximum fine was $5,000. This consolidated section adopts the $10,000 maximum fine provided by the seven other sections.
References to persons aiding or abetting contained in sections 984, 1121, and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as unnecessary, as such persons are made principals by section 2 of this title.
The term “receiver,” used in sections 1121 and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., with reference to Federal intermediate credit banks and agricultural credit corporations, was omitted as this term is undoubtedly embraced in the phrase “or connected in any capacity with.”
The term “or of any department or agency of the United States” was inserted in order to clarify the sweeping provisions against fraudulent acts and to eliminate any possible ambiguity as to scope of section. (See definitions of “department” and “agency” in section 6 of this title.)
Words “shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor”, contained in section 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as unnecessary, in view of definition of misdemeanor in section 1 of this title.
Words “and upon conviction”, contained in section 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as surplusage, because punishment cannot be imposed until after conviction.
Words “in any district court of the United States”, contained in section 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., were omitted as unnecessary, because section 3231 of this title confers jurisdiction on the Federal district courts of all crimes and offenses defined in this title.
The conspiracy provisions of section 1138d(f) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, were not added to this consolidated section for reasons stated in reviser’s note under section 493 of this title. (See also reviser’s note under section 371 of this title.)
1949 Act
[Section 20] conforms section 1006 of title 18, U.S.C., to administrative practice which in turn was modified to comply with congressional policy. (See note to sec. 11 [of 1949 Act, set out in Historical and Revision Notes under section 657 of this title]).
Editorial Notes
Amendments1949–2010 · 12 rounds
2010
Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision,” after “National Credit Union Administration,” and “the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “the Federal Housing Finance Agency,”.
2008
Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”.
1999
Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”.
1994
Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” after “in any capacity with the” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” after “Federal Crop Insurance Corporation,”.
1990
Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(4), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,”, and directed substitution of “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”, for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below.
Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(e), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”.
Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”.
Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”.
1989
Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”.
Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(e), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$10,000” and “20 years” for “five years”.
1970
Pub. L. 91–468 added National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator to the enumeration of Federal Credit institutions and personnel.
1967
Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”.
1961
Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation.
1958
Pub. L. 85–699 included officers, agents or employees of or connected in any capacity with small business investment companies.
1956
Act , included officers, agents or employees of or connected in any capacity with any institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.
1949
Act , inserted reference Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers’ Home Administration.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2010 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.
National Credit Union Administration
Establishment as independent agency, membership etc., see section 1752 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking.
Executive Documents
Exceptions From Transfer of Functions
Functions of Corporations of Department of Agriculture, boards of directors and officers of such corporations, Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation, and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953, § 1, eff. , 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Farm Credit Administration
Establishment of Farm Credit Administration as independent agency, and other changes in status, function, etc., see Ex. Ord. No. 6084, set out prec. section 2241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. See also section 2001 et seq. of Title 12.
Credits
1948–2010 · 14 acts
- 1948June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750
- 1949May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 20, 63 Stat. 92
- 1956July 28, 1956, ch. 773, § 2, 70 Stat. 714
- 1958Pub. L. 85–699, title VII, § 704, , 72 Stat. 698
- 1961Pub. L. 87–353, § 3(s), , 75 Stat. 774
- 1967Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(a), , 81 Stat. 27
- 1970Pub. L. 91–468, § 6, , 84 Stat. 1016
- 1989Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, §§ 961(e), 962(a)(7), (8)(A), , 103 Stat. 500, 502
- 1990Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, § 2303(e), , 104 Stat. 3981
- 1990Pub. L. 101–647, title XVI, § 1603, title XXV, §§ 2504(e), 2595(a)(4), , 104 Stat. 4843, 4861, 4907
- 1994Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330004(6), , 108 Stat. 2141
- 1999Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 767, , 113 Stat. 1174
- 2008Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, § 1216(c), , 122 Stat. 2792
- 2010Pub. L. 111–203, title III, § 377(5), , 124 Stat. 1569.
Show as published
(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 750; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 20, 63 Stat. 92; July 28, 1956, ch. 773, § 2, 70 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 85–699, title VII, § 704, , 72 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 87–353, § 3(s), , 75 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(a), , 81 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 91–468, § 6, , 84 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, §§ 961(e), 962(a)(7), (8)(A), , 103 Stat. 500, 502; Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, § 2303(e), , 104 Stat. 3981; Pub. L. 101–647, title XVI, § 1603, title XXV, §§ 2504(e), 2595(a)(4), , 104 Stat. 4843, 4861, 4907; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330004(6), , 108 Stat. 2141; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 767, , 113 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, § 1216(c), , 122 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, § 377(5), , 124 Stat. 1569.)