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Title 18 — Crimes and Criminal Procedure

Part I · Chapter 31 — Embezzlement and Theft

§ 657. Lending, credit and insurance institutions

Statutory text

Whoever, being an officer, agent or employee of or connected in any capacity with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, National Credit Union Administration, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Agency, Farm Credit Administration, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Federal Crop Insurance Corporation, the Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers Home Administration or successor agency, the Rural Development Administration or successor agency, or the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a bank for cooperatives or any lending, mortgage, insurance, credit or savings and loan corporation or association authorized or acting under the laws of the United States or any institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or by the National Credit Union Administration Board or any small business investment company, or any community development financial institution receiving financial assistance under the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, and whoever, being a receiver of any such institution, or agent or employee of the receiver, embezzles, abstracts, purloins or willfully misapplies any moneys, funds, credits, securities or other things of value belonging to such institution, or pledged or otherwise intrusted to its care, shall be fined not more than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both; but if the amount or value embezzled, abstracted, purloined or misapplied does not exceed $1,000, he shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Pub. L. 80–645 · 62 Stat. 683

    Enacted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 729

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 729

  2. Pub. L. 85–699 title VII § 703 · 72 Stat. 689

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 85–699 inserted reference to any small business investment company

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 85–699 inserted reference to any small business investment company.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 703. Section 657 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation,” the following: “or any small business investment company,”.

  3. Pub. L. 87–353 § 3(q) · 75 Stat. 773

    Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (q) 62 Stat. 729. Section 657 of title 18 of the United States Code is amended by striking out “Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation,”.

  4. Pub. L. 90–19 § 24(a) · 81 Stat. 17

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Sections 493, 657, and 1006 of title 18, United States Code, are amended by striking out “Federal Housing Administration” 62 Stat. 711. and inserting in lieu thereof “Department of Housing and Urban Development”.

  5. Pub. L. 91–468 § 4 · 84 Stat. 994

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 91–468 inserted reference to National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 91–468 inserted reference to National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 4. Section 657 of title 18 of the United States Code (relating to lending, credit, and insurance institutions) is amended— (1) by inserting the words “National Credit Union Administration,” following the words “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation,”; and (2) by inserting the words “or by the Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration” following the words “Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”.

  6. Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989

    Pub. L. 101–73 § 962(a)(8)(A) · 103 Stat. 183

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) Sections 657 and 1006 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,” and inserting in lieu thereof “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a”.

  7. Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989

    Pub. L. 101–73 § 962(a)(7) · 103 Stat. 183

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (7) Changes relating to national credit union administration.— Sections 657, 1006, 1014, and 2113(h) of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration” and inserting “National Credit Union Administration Board”.

  8. Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989

    Pub. L. 101–73 § 961(c) · 103 Stat. 183

    1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

      Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(c), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$5,000”

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

      Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(c), substituted “20 years” for “five years”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(c), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$5,000” and “20 years” for “five years”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Lending, Credit, and Insurance Institutions.— Section 657 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking “$5,000” and inserting “$1,000,000”; and (2) by striking “five” and inserting “20”

  9. Rural Economic Development Act of 1990

    Pub. L. 101–624 title XXIII § 2303(e) · 104 Stat. 3359

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (e) Sections 657, 658,1006, and 1014 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking “Fanners’ Home Administration” and inserting “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration”.

  10. Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990

    Pub. L. 101–647 § 2595(a)(2) · 104 Stat. 4789

    1. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

      Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(2), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

      Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(2), substituted “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(2), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,”, and directed substitution of “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) Lending, credit, and insurance institutions.— Section 657 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (A) by striking “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,” and inserting “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board,”; and (B) by striking “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” and inserting “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”.

  11. Comprehensive Thrift and Bank Fraud Prosecution and Taxpayer Recovery Act of 1990

    Pub. L. 101–647 § 2504(c) · 104 Stat. 4789

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(c), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(c), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Lending, Credit, and Insurance Institutions.— Section 657 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “20” and inserting “30”.

  12. Crime Control Act of 1990

    Pub. L. 101–647 § 1603 · 104 Stat. 4789

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 1603. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO SUBSTITUTE A REFERENCE TO THE FDIC FOR THE NOW ABOLISHED FSLIC IN TWO BANKING OFFENSES. Sections 657 and 1006 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended by striking out “the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” and inserting in lieu thereof “the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation”.

  13. Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–322 title XXXIII · 108 Stat. 1796

    1. Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 657

      Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” before “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” before “the Secretary of Agriculture”

    2. Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

      Pub. L. 103–322 substituted “under this title” for “not more than $1,000” before “or imprisoned not more than one year, or both”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” before “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” before “the Secretary of Agriculture”, and substituted “under this title” for “not more than $1,000” before “or imprisoned not more than one year, or both”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law
    TITLE XXXIII— TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS SEC. 330001. AMENDMENTS RELATING TO FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT. (a) Cross Reference Corrections.— Section 506 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3756) is amended— (1) in subsection (a) by striking “Of” and inserting “Subject to subsection (f), of”; (2) in subsection (c) by striking “subsections (b) and (c)” and inserting “subsection (b)”; (3) in subsection (e) by striking “or (e)” and inserting “or (0”; and (4) in subsection (f)(1)— (A) in subparagraph (A)— (i) by striking “, taking into consideration subsection (e) but”; and (ii) by striking “this subsection,” and inserting “this subsection”; and (B) in subparagraph (B) by striking “amount” and inserting “funds”. (b) Correctional Options Grants.— (1) Section 515(b) of title 42 USC 3762a. I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended— (A) by striking “subsection (a)(1) and (2)” and inserting “paragraphs (1) and (2) of subsection (a)”; and (B) in paragraph (2) by striking “States” and inserting “public agencies”. (2) Section 516 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and 42 USC 3762b. Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended— (A) in subsection (a) by striking “for section” each place it appears and inserting “shall be used to make grants under section”; and (B) in subsection (b) by striking “section 515(a)(1)or (a)(3)” and inserting “paragraph (1) or (3) of section 515(a)”. (3) Section 1001(a)(5) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3793(a)(5)) is amended by inserting “(other than chapter B of subpart 2)” after “and E”. (c) Denial or Termination of Grant.— Section 802(b) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3783(b)) is amended by striking “M„” and inserting “M,”. (d) Definitions.— Section 901(a)(21) of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3791(21)) is amended by adding a semicolon at the end. (e) Public Safety Officers Disability Benefits.— Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3796) is amended— (1) in section 1201— (A) in subsection (a) by striking “subsection (g)” and inserting “subsection (h),”; and (B) in subsection (b)— (i) by striking “subsection (g)” and inserting “subsection (n)”; (ii) by striking “personal”; and (iii) in the first proviso by striking “section” and inserting “subsection”; and (2) in section 1204(3) by striking “who was responding 42 USC 3796b. to a fire, rescue or police emergency”. (f) Headings.— (1) The heading for part M of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797) is amended to read as follows: “PART M— REGIONAL INFORMATION SHARING SYSTEMS”. (2) The heading for part 0 of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 (42 U.S.C. 3797) is amended to read as follows: “PART O— RURAL DRUG ENFORCEMENT”. (g) Table of Contents.— The table of contents of title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended— (1) in the item relating to section 501 by striking “Drug Control and System Improvement Grant” and inserting “drug control and system improvement grant”; (2) in the item relating to section 1403 by striking “Application” and inserting “Applications”; and (3) in the items relating to part 0 by redesignating sections 1401 and 1402 as sections 1501 and 1502, respectively. (h) Other Technical Amendments.— Title I of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 is amended— (1) in section 202(c)(2)(E) by striking “crime,,” and inserting 42 USC 3722. “crime,”; (2) in section 302(c)(19) by striking a period at the end 42 USC 3732. and inserting a semicolon; (3) in section 602(a)(1) by striking “chapter 315” and inserting 42 USC 3769a. “chapter 319”; (4) in section 603(a)(6) by striking “605” and inserting 42 USC 3769b. “606”; (5) in section 605 by striking “this section” and inserting 42 USC 3769c. “this part”; (6) in section 606(b) by striking “and Statistics” and inserting 42 USC 3769d. “Statistics”; (7) in section 801(b)— 42 USC 3782. (A) by striking “parts D,” and inserting “parts”; (B) by striking “part D” each place it appears and inserting “subpart 1 of part E”; (C) by striking “403(a)” and inserting “501”; and (D) by striking “403” and inserting “503”; (8) in the first sentence of section 802(b) by striking “part 42 USC 3783. D,” and inserting “subpart 1 of part E or under part”; (9) in the second sentence of section 804(b) by striking 42 USC 3785. “Prevention or” and inserting “Prevention, or”; (10) in section 808 by striking “408, 1308,” and inserting 42 USC 3789. “507”; (11) in section 809(c)(2)(H) by striking “805” and inserting 42 USC 3789d. “804”; (12) in section 811(e) by striking “Law Enforcement Assistance 42 USC 3789f. Administration” and inserting “Bureau of Justice Assistance”; (13) in section 901(a)(3) by striking “and,” and inserting “,and”; (14) in section 1001(c) by striking “parts” and inserting “part”. (i) Conforming Amendment to Other Law.— Section 4351(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “Administrator of the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration” and inserting “Director of the Bureau of Justice Assistance”. SEC. 330002. GENERAL TITLE 18 CORRECTIONS. (a) Section 1031.— Section 1031(g)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “a government” and inserting “a Government”. (b) Section 208.— Section 208(c)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “Banks” and inserting “banks”. (c) Section 1007.— The heading for section 1007 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “Transactions” and inserting “transactions”. (d) Section 1014.— Section 1014 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the comma that follows a comma. (e) Elimination of Obsolete Cross Reference.— Section 3293 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “1008,”. (f) Elimination of Duplicate Subsection Designation.— Section 1031 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by redesignating the second subsection (g) as subsection (h). (g) Technical Amendment to Part Analysis for Part I.— The item relating to chapter 33 in the part analysis for part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “701” and inserting “700”. (h) Amendment to Section 924(a)(1)(b).— Section 924(a)(1)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “(q)” and inserting “(r)”. (i) Punctuation Correction.— Section 207(c)(2)(A)(ii) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the semicolon at the end and inserting a comma. (j) Chapter Analysis Correction.— The chapter analysis for chapter 223 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “3509. Child Victims’ and child witnesses’ rights.”. (k) Elimination of Superfluous Comma.— Section 3742(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “Government,” and inserting “Government”. SEC. 330003. CORRECTIONS OF ERRONEOUS CROSS REFERENCES AND MISDESIGNATIONS. (a) Section 1791 of Title 18.— Section 1791(b) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “(c)” each place it appears and inserting “(d)”. (b) Section 2703 of Title 18.— Section 2703(d) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 3126(2)(A)” and inserting “section 3127(2)(A)”. (c) Section 666 of Title 18.— Section 666(d) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by redesignating the second paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); (2) by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (3); and (3) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (4) and inserting “; and”. (d) Section 4247 of Title 18.— Section 4247(h) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “subsection (e) of section 4241, 4243, 4244, 4245, or 4246,” and inserting “subsection (e) of section 4241, 4244, 4245, or 4246, or subsection (0 of section 4243,”. (e) Section 408 of the Controlled Substances Act.— Section 408(b)(2)(A) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 848(b)(2)(A)) is amended by striking “subsection (d)(1)” and inserting “subsection (c)(1)”. (f) Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act.— (1) Section 994(h) of title 28, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 1 of the Act of September 15, 1980 (21 U.S.C. 955a)” each place it appears and inserting “the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1901 et seq.)”. (2) Section 924(e) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “the first section or section 3 of Public Law 96–350 (21 U.S.C. 955a et seq.)” and inserting “the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1901 et seq.)”. (g) Section 2596 of the Crime Control Act of 1990.— Section 2596(d) of the Crime Control Act of 1990 is amended, 12 USC 1833a and note. effective retroactively to the date of enactment of such Act, by striking “951(c)(1)” and inserting “951(c)(2)”. (h) Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.— Rule 46(i)(1) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure for the United States Courts is amended by striking “18 U.S.C. §3144” and inserting 18 USC app. “18 U.S.C. §3142”. SEC. 330004. REPEAL OF OBSOLETE PROVISIONS IN TITLE 18. Title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in section 212 by striking “or of any National Agricultural Credit Corporation,” and by striking “or National Agricultural Credit Corporations,”; (2) in section 213 by striking “or examiner of National Agricultural Credit Corporations”; (3) in section 709 by striking the seventh and thirteenth paragraphs; (4) in section 711 by striking the second paragraph; (5) by striking section 754 and amending the chapter analysis for chapter 35 by striking the item relating to section 754; (6) in sections 657 and 1006 by striking “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” and striking “Farmers’ Home Corporation,”; (7) in section 658 by striking “Farmers’ Home Corporation,”; (8) in section 1013 by striking “, or by any National Agricultural Credit Corporation”; (9) in section 1160 by striking “white person” and inserting “non-Indian”; (10) in section 1698 by striking the second paragraph; (11) by striking sections 1904 and 1908 and amending the chapter analysis for chapter 93 by striking the items relating to those sections; (12) in section 1909 by inserting “or” before “farm credit examiner” and by striking “or an examiner of National Agricultural Credit Corporations,”; (13) by striking sections 2157 and 2391 and amending the chapter analysis for chapter 105 and for 115, respectively, by striking the items relating to those sections; (14) in section 2257 by striking the subsections (f) and (g) that were enacted by Public Law 100–690; (15) in section 3113 by striking the third paragraph; (16) in section 3281 by striking “except for offenses barred by the provisions of law existing on August 4, 1939”; (17) in section 443 by striking “or (3) five years after 12 o’clock noon of December 31, 1946,”; (18) in sections 542, 544, and 545 by striking “the Philippine Islands,”; and (19) in section 1073— (A) by striking “or which, in the case of New Jersey, is a high misdemeanor under the laws of said State,”; and (B) by striking “or which in the case of New Jersey, is a high misdemeanor under the laws of said State,”. SEC. 330005. CORRECTION OF DRAFTING ERROR IN THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT. Section 104(a)(3) of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (15 U.S.C. 78dd–2) is amended by striking “issuer” and inserting “domestic concern”. SEC. 330006. ELIMINATION OF REDUNDANT PENALTY PROVISION IN 18 U.S.C. 1116. Section 1116(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “, and any such person who is found guilty of attempted murder shall be imprisoned for not more than twenty years”. SEC. 330007. ELIMINATION OF REDUNDANT PENALTY. Section 1864(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “(b) (3), (4), or (5)” and inserting “(b)(5)”. SEC. 330008. CORRECTIONS OF MISSPELLINGS AND GRAMMATICAL ERRORS. Title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in section 513(c)(4) by striking “association or persons” and inserting “association of persons”; (2) in section 1956(e) by striking “Evironmental” and inserting “Environmental”; (3) in section 3125— (A) in subsection (a)(2) by striking “use” and the quotation mark that immediately follows it and inserting “use;”; (B) by realigning the matter in subsection (a)(2) that begins with “may have installed” and ends with “section 3123 of this title” so that it is flush to the left margin; and (C) by striking “provider for” and inserting “provider of” in subsection (d); (4) in section 3731 by striking “order of a district courts” and inserting “order of a district court” in the second undesignated paragraph; (5) in section 151 by striking “mean” and inserting “means”; (6) in section 208(b) by inserting “if” after “(4)”; (7) in section 209(d) by striking “under the terms of the chapter 41” and inserting “under the terms of chapter 41”; (8) in section 1014 by inserting a comma after “National Credit Union Administration Board”; and (9) in section 3291 by striking “the aforementioned” and inserting “such”. SEC. 330009. OTHER TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. (a) Section 419 of Controlled Substances Act.— Section 419(b) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 860(b)) is amended by striking “years Penalties” and inserting “years. Penalties”. (b) Section 667.— Section 667 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “The term ‘livestock’ has the meaning set forth in section 2311 of this title.”. (c) Section 1114.— Section 1114 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “or any other officer, agency, or employee of the United States” and inserting “or any other officer or employee of the United States or any agency thereof”. (d) Section 408 of Controlled Substances Act.— Section 408(q)(8) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 848(q)(8)) is amended by striking “applications, for writ” and inserting “applications for writ”. SEC. 330010. CORRECTION OF ERRORS FOUND DURING CODIFICATION. Title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in section 212 by striking “218” and inserting “213”; (2) in section 1917— (A) by striking “Civil Service Commission” and inserting “Office of Personnel Management”; and (B) by striking “the Commission” in paragraph (1) and inserting “such Office”; (3) by transferring the subchapter analysis for each Subchapter of each of chapters 227 and 229 to follow the heading of that subchapter; (4) so that the heading of section 1170 reads as follows: “§1170. Illegal trafficking in Native American human remains and cultural items”; (5) so that the item relating to section 1170 in the chapter analysis for chapter 53 reads as follows: “1170. Illegal trafficking in Native American human remains and cultural items.”; (6) in section 3509(a) by striking paragraph (11) and redesignating paragraphs (12) and (13) as paragraphs (11) and (12), respectively; (7) in section 3509— (A) by striking “subdivision” each place it appears and inserting “subsection”; and (B) by striking “government” each place it appears and inserting “Government”; (8) in section 2252(a)(3)(B) by striking “materails” and inserting “materials”; (9) in section 14 by striking “45,” and “608, 611, 612,”; (10) in section 3059A— (A) in subsection (b) by striking “this subsection” and inserting “subsection”; and (B) in subsection (c) by striking “this subsection” and inserting “subsection”; (11) in section 1761(c)— (A) by striking “and” at the end of paragraph (1); (B) by inserting “and” at the end of paragraph (3); and (C) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2)(B) and inserting a semicolon; (12) in the chapter analysis for chapter 11— (A) in the item relating to section 203 by inserting a comma after “officers” and by striking the comma after “others”; and (B) in the item relating to section 204 by inserting “the” before “United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit”; (13) in the chapter analysis for chapter 23, in the item relating to section 437, by striking the period immediately following “Indians”; (14) in the chapter analysis for the beginning of chapter 25, in the item relating to section 491, by striking the period immediately following “paper used as money”; (15) in section 207(a)(3) by striking “Clarification of Restrictions” and inserting “Clarification of restrictions”; (16) 16) in section 176 by striking “the government” and inserting “the Government”; (17) in section 3059A(e)(2)(iii) by striking “backpay” and inserting “back pay”; and (18) by adding a period at the end of the item relating to section 3059A in the chapter analysis for chapter 203. SEC. 330011. PROBLEMS RELATED TO EXECUTION OF PRIOR AMENDMENTS. (a) Incorrect Reference.— Section 2587(b) of Public Law 101–647 18 USC prec. 3041. is amended, effective as of the date on which that section took effect, by striking “The chapter heading for” and inserting “The chapter analysis for”. (b) Lack of Punctuation in Stricken Language.— Section 46(b) of the Criminal Law and Procedure Technical Amendments 18 USC 201 note. Act of 1986 is amended, effective as of the date on which that section took effect, so that— (A) in paragraph (1), the matter proposed to be stricken from the beginning of section 201(b) of title 18, United States Code, reads “(b) Whoever, directly”; and (B) in paragraph (2), a comma, rather than a semicolon, appears after “his lawful duty” in the matter to be stricken from paragraph (3) of section 201(b) of that title. (c) Biological Weapons.— (1) Section 3(b) of the Biological 18 USC 2516. Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989 is amended, effective as of the date on which that section took effect, by striking “2516(c)” and inserting “2516(l)(c)”. (2) The item in the part analysis for part I of title 18, United States Code, that relates to chapter 10 is amended by striking “Weapons” and inserting “weapons”. (d) Placement of New Section.— Section 404(a) of Public 18 USC 1169. Law 101–630 is amended, effective on the date such section took effect, by striking “adding at the end thereof” each place it appears and inserting “inserting after section 1169”. (e) Elimination of Erroneous Characterization of Matter Inserted.— Section 225(a) of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective 18 USC 3509. as of the date on which that section took effect, by striking “new rule”. (f) Clarification of Placement of Amendment.— Section 1205(c) of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the 18 USC 402. date on which that section took effect, by inserting “at the end” after “adding”. (g) Elimination of Duplicate Amendment.— Section 1606 of Public Law 101–647 (amending section 1114 of title 18, United States Code) is repealed effective as of the date of enactment 18 USC 1114. of that section. (h) Error in Amendment Phrasing.— Section 3502 of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the date on which that 18 USC 3. section took effect, by striking “10” and inserting “ten”. (i) Clarification that Amendments Were to Title 18.— Sections 3524, 3525, and 3528 of Public Law 101–647 are each 18 USC 922–924. amended, effective as of the date on which those sections took effect, by inserting “of title 18, United States Code” before “is amended”. (j) Correction of Paragraph Reference.— Section 3527 of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the date on which 18 USC 924. that section took effect, by striking “4th” and inserting “5th”. (k) Repeal of Obsolete Technical Correction to Section 1345.— Section 3542 of Public Law 101–647 is repealed, effective 18 USC 1345. as of the date of its enactment. (l) Repeal of Obsolete Technical Correction to Section 1956.— Section 3557(2)(E) of Public Law 101–647 is repealed, effective 18 USC 1956. as of the date of its enactment. (m) Clarification of Placement of Amendments.— Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the date of its enactment— (1) in section 3564(1) by inserting “each place it appears” 18 USC 2253. after the quotation mark following “2251” the first place it appears; and (2) in section 3565(3)(A) by inserting “each place it appears” 18 USC 2254. after the quotation mark following “subchapter”. (n) Correction of Word Quoted in Amendment.— Section 3586(1) of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the 18 USC prec. 3571. date on which that section took effect, by striking “fines” and inserting “fine”. (o) Elimination of Obsolete Technical Amendment to Section 4013.— Section 3599 of Public Law 101–647 is repealed, effective as of the 18 USC 4013. date of its enactment. (p) Correction of Directory Language.— Section 3550 of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the date on which 18 USC 1546. that section took effect, by striking “not more than”. (q) Repeal of Duplicate Provisions.— (1) Section 3568 of Public Law 101–647 is repealed, effective as of the date on which 18 USC 2516. that section took effect. (2) Section 1213 of Public Law 101–647 is repealed, effective 18 USC 3289. as of the date on which that section took effect. (r) Correction of Words Quoted in Amendment.— Section 2531(3) of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the 18 USC 2516. date on which that section took effect, by striking “1679(c)(2)” and inserting “1679a(c)(2)”. (s) Forfeiture.— (1) Section 1401 of Public Law 101–647 is 18 USC 982. amended, effective as of the date on which that section took effect— (A) by inserting a comma after “, 5316”; and (B) by inserting “the first place it appears” after the quotation mark following “5313(a). (2) Section 2525(a)(2) of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the date on which that section took effect, by striking “108(3)” and inserting “2508(3)”. SEC. 330012. AMENDMENT TO SECTION 1866 OF TITLE 18 TO ELIMINATE DUPLICATE PREDICATE CRIMES. Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is amended in subsection (c)(7)(E), by striking the period that follows a period. SEC. 330013. AMENDMENTS TO PART V OF TITLE 18. Part V of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by inserting after the heading for that part the following: “CHAPTER 601— IMMUNITY OF WITNESSES”; (2) in section 6001(1)— (A) by striking “Atomic Energy Commission” and inserting “Nuclear Regulatory Commission”; and (B) by striking “the Subversive Activities Control Board,” (3) by striking “part” the first place it appears and inserting “chapter”; and (4) by striking “part” each other place it appears and inserting “title”. SEC. 330014. UPDATE OF CROSS REFERENCE. 21 USC 848. Section 408(n)(11) of the Controlled Substances Act is amended by striking “section 405” and inserting “section 418”. SEC. 330015. CORRECTION OF ERROR IN AMENDATORY LANGUAGE. 21 USC 333. Section 1904 of Public Law 101–647 is amended, effective as of the date on which that section took effect, by striking “by inserting a new subsection (e) as follows” and inserting “so that subsection (e) reads as follows”. SEC. 330016. CORRECTION OF MISLEADING AND OUTMODED FINE AMOUNTS IN OFFENSES UNDER TITLE 18. Title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) (A) in sections 1693, 1694, 1695, and 1696 by striking “not more than $50” and inserting “under this title”; (B) in sections 333, 489, 754, 1303, 1699, 1701, 1703, 1710, 1723, 1726, 1730, and 2390 by striking “not more than $100” and inserting “under this title”; (C) in sections 1697 and 1698 by striking “not more than $150” and inserting “under this title”; (D) in sections 1165 and 2279 by striking “not more than $200” and inserting “under this title”; (E) in sections 701, 702, 703, 704, 705, 706, 707, 708, 710, 711, 711a, 713, 715, 1164, and 1858 by striking “not more than $250” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (F) in sections 916, 1501, 1502, 1719, 1725, and 1861 by striking “not more than $300” and inserting “under this title”; (G) in sections 4, 41, 42, 46, 47, 112, 154, 244, 288, 290, 336, 475, 501, 502, 755, 872, 875, 876, 877, 917, 1013, 1018, 1024, 1154, 1155, 1156, 1382, 1541, 1700, 1703, 1704, 1707, 1712, 1713, 1720, 1721, 1722, 1729, 1731, 1734, 1752, 1793, 1856, 1857, 1863, 1912, 1913, 1922, 2074, 2195, and 2511 by striking “not more than $500” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (H) in sections 81, 210, 211, 215, 217, 242, 245, 291, 292, 439, 442, 480, 483, 484, 490, 491, 494, 495, 503, 507, 510, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 604, 605, 641, 643, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 665, 712, 751, 752, 756, 795, 796, 797, 836, 844, 871, 875, 876, 877, 879, 911, 912, 913, 924, 957, 959, 961, 1003, 1012, 1021, 1025, 1026, 1071, 1112, 1163, 1262, 1263, 1264, 1301, 1302, 1304, 1306, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1361, 1363, 1384, 1504, 1508, 1509, 1657, 1705, 1706, 1707, 1711, 1715, 1716, 1733, 1738, 1761, 1762, 2276, 2277, 2278, 2382, and 2389 by striking “not more than $1,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (I) in sections 331, 482, 486, 499, 755, 873, 958, 1016, 1154, 1156, 1381, 1542, 1543, 1544, 1545, 1586, 1621, 1622, 1702, 1708, 1709, 1920, 1921, 1923, 2071, 2193, 2233, 2386, and 2424 by striking “not more than $2,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (J) in sections 431, 432, 479, 960, 1859, 1901, 1911, and 1959 by striking “not more than $3,000” and inserting “under this title”; (K) in sections 35, 81, 112, 152, 153, 155, 212, 213, 214, 285, 334, 351, 435, 436, 438, 471, 472, 473, 476, 477, 478, 481, 485, 487, 488, 497, 498, 505, 506, 508, 509, 541, 542, 543, 544, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551, 552, 592, 593, 602, 603, 606, 607, 642, 655, 658, 659, 660, 661, 663, 751, 799, 844, 872, 874, 875, 876, 877, 878, 914, 915, 924, 953, 954, 956, 1004, 1010, 1011, 1015, 1017, 1025, 1028, 1071, 1073, 1074, 1163, 1169, 1231, 1265, 1363, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428, 1429, 1461, 1462, 1463, 1465, 1503, 1505, 1506, 1507, 1510, 1581, 1582, 1583, 1584, 1585, 1588, 1658, 1659, 1717, 1732, 1735, 1737, 1751, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1909, 1915, 1991, 2072, 2073, 2113, 2217, 2152, 2197, 2231, 2244, 2314, 2316, 2317, 2344, and 2701 by striking “not more than $5,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (L) in sections 33, 224, 231, 241, 245, 246, 286, 289, 332, 335, 337, 351, 371, 437, 440, 441, 493, 496, 500, 510, 545, 595, 599, 600, 601, 641, 664, 665, 667, 757, 792, 793, 798, 844, 892, 893, 894, 924, 952, 955, 962, 963, 964, 965, 966, 967, 970, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1019, 1020, 1022, 1023, 1027, 1082, 1084, 1115, 1202, 1361, 1362, 1364, 1365, 1385, 1461, 1462, 1464, 1587, 1623, 1654, 1656, 1735, 1737, 1751, 1902, 1903, 1904, 1910, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1958, 1992, 2101, 2113, 2153, 2154, 2155, 2156, 2231, 2232, 2271, 2274, 2275, 2314, 2315, 2383, 2386, 2387, 2388, and 2512 by striking “not more than $10,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (M) in section 1028 by striking “not more than $15,000” and inserting “under this title”; (N) in sections 844, 878, 1728, 1955, 1958, 2321, 2384, and 2385 by striking “not more than $20,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (O) in sections 32, 114, 753, 1028, 1365, 1512, 1792, and 2118 by striking “not more than $25,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (P) in section 2118 by striking “not more than $35,000” and inserting “under this title”; (Q) in sections 1365, 1958, and 2118 by striking “not more than $50,000” and inserting “under this title”; (R) in section 951 by striking “not more than $75,000” and inserting “under this title”; (S) in sections 32, 1167, 1365, 2251, and 2344 by striking “not more than $100,000” each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (T) in section 2251 by striking “not more than $200,000” and inserting “under this title”; and (U) in sections 1158, 1167, 1512, 1513, 2251, 2318, 2320, and 2701 by striking “not more than $250,000” and inserting “under this title”; (2) (A) in sections 3 and 373 by inserting “(notwithstanding section 3571)” before “fined not more than one-half”; (B) in section 113 by striking “fine of not more than” through the immediately following dollar amount each place it appears and inserting “a fine under this title”; (C) in sections 115, 513, 709, 831, 1366, 1511 and 1959 by striking “of not more than” through the immediately following dollar amount each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; (D) in section 201 by inserting “under this title or” after “be fined”; and by inserting “whichever is greater,” before “or imprisoned”; (E) in section 402 by striking “fine” the first place it appears and inserting “a fine under this title”; (F) in section 443 by striking “shall, if a corporation, be fined not more than $50,000, and, if a natural person, be fined not more than $10,000” and inserting “shall be fined under this title”; (G) in sections 643, 644, 645, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, and 1711 by inserting “under this title or” after “be fined” the first place it appears; and by inserting “, whichever is greater,” before “or imprisoned” the first place it appears; (H) in sections 646 and 654 by inserting “under this title or” after “be fined” the first place it appears; and by inserting “whichever is greater,” before “or imprisoned” the first place it appears; (I) in section 1029 by striking “of not more than” through the immediately following dollar amount each place it appears and inserting “under this title”; and by inserting “, whichever is greater,” before “or imprisonment” each place it appears; (J) in section 2381 by inserting “under this title but” before “not less than $10,000”; and (K) in section 3146(b)(1)(A)(iv) by striking “fine under this chapter” and inserting “fined under this title”. SEC. 330017. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS TO TITLE 31 CRIMES. (a) Title 31, U.S.C., Amendments.— (1) Section 5321(a)(5)(A) of title 31, United States Code, is amended by inserting “any violation of” after “causing”. (2) Section 5324(a) of title 31, United States Code, is amended— (A) by striking “section 5313(a), section 5325, or the regulations issued thereunder or section 5325 or regulations prescribed under such section 5325” each place it appears and inserting “section 5313(a) or 5325 or any regulation prescribed under any such section”; and (B) by striking “with respect to such transaction”. (b) Amendment Relating to Title 31, U.S.C.— (1) Effective as of the date of enactment of the Annunzio-Wylie Anti-Money Laundering Act, section 1517(b) of that Act 31 USC 5318. is amended by striking “5314” and inserting “5318”. (2) Section 5239 of the Revised Statutes of the United States is amended by redesignating the second subsection (c) 12 USC 93. (as added by section 1502(a) of the Annunzio-Wylie Anti-Money Laundering Act) as subsection (d). SEC. 330018. REPEAL OF SUPERFLUOUS STATUTE OF LIMITATION AND TRANSFER OF CHILD ABUSE STATUTE OF LIMITATION. (a) In General.— Section 3283 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as follows: “§3283. Child abuse offenses “No statute of limitations that would otherwise preclude prosecution for an offense involving the sexual or physical abuse of a child under the age of 18 years shall preclude such prosecution before the child reaches the age of 25 years.”. (b) Conforming Repeal.— Section 3509(k) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the subsection heading and the first sentence and inserting “Stay of Civil Action.—”. (c) Technical Amendment.— The item in the chapter analysis for chapter 213 of title 18, United States Code, that relates to section 3283 is amended to read as follows: “3283. Child abuse offenses.”. SEC. 330019. TECHNICAL ERRORS IN SECTION 1956. (a) Technical Corrections.— Section 1956 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in subsection (c)(7)(B)(iii) by inserting a close parenthesis after “1978”; (2) by redesignating the second subsection (g) as subsection (h); and (3) in subsection (a)(2) by inserting “not more than” before “$500,000”. (b) Cross Reference Correction.— Section 1956(c)(7)(D) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “section 9(c) of the Food Stamp Act of 1977” and inserting “section 15 of the Food Stamp Act of 1977”. SEC. 330020. TECHNICAL ERROR. Section 1957(f)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the comma that follows a comma. SEC. 330021. CONFORMING SPELLING OF VARIANTS OF “KIDNAP”. Title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) by striking “kidnaping” each place it appears and inserting “kidnapping”; and (2) by striking “kidnaped” each place it appears and inserting “kidnapped”. SEC. 330022. MARGIN ERROR Section 2512(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by realigning the matter that begins with “to send through” and ends with “electronic communications” so that it is flush to the left margin. SEC. 330023. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS RELATING TO SECTION 248 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE. (a) In General.— Chapter 13 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— (1) in the chapter analysis so that the item relating to section 248 reads as follows: “248. Freedom of access to clinic entrances.”; (2) so that the heading of section 248 reads as follows: “§248. Freedom of access to clinic entrances”; and (3) in section 248(b) by inserting “, notwithstanding section 3571,” before “be not more than $25,000”. (b) Effective Date.— The amendments made by this subsection (a) shall take effect on the date of enactment of the Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act of 1994. SEC. 330024. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS NECESSITATED BY THE ENACTMENT OF THE DOMESTIC CHEMICAL DIVERSION CONTROL ACT OF 1993. (a) Missing conjunction.— Section 102(39)(A)(iv) of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 802(39)(A)(iv)) is amended by striking the period at the end and inserting “; or”. (b) Punctuation and Indentation Correction.— Section 21 USC 802. 102(34) of the Controlled Substances Act is amended— (1) by moving subparagraphs (V) and (W) two ems toward the left margin; (2) in subparagraph (V) by striking “b” and inserting “B”; and (3) in subparagraph (W) by striking “n” the first place it appears and inserting “N”. (c) Erroneous Cross References.— (1) Section 5(a) of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control 21 USC 971. Act of 1993 is amended by striking “section 1505(a)” and inserting “section 4”. (2) Section 9(b) of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control 21 USC 971. Act of 1993 is amended by striking “Controlled Substances Act” and inserting “Controlled Substances Import and Export Act”. (d) Correction of Amendatory Language.— (1) Section 2(a)(4)(B) of the Domestic Chemical Diversion 21 USC 802. Control Act of 1993 is amended by inserting “the first place it appears” before the semicolon. (2) Section 5(b)(3) of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act of 1993 is amended by striking “at the end” and 21 USC 960. inserting “after paragraph (4)”. (e) Missing Conforming Amendment.— Section 304(g) of the Controlled Substances Act is amended by inserting “or chemical” 21 USC 824. after “such substance” in the last sentence. (f) Effective Date.— The amendments made by this section 21 USC 802 note. shall take effect as of the date that is 120 days after the date of enactment of the Domestic Chemical Diversion Control Act of 1993. SEC. 330025. VICTIMS OF CRIME ACT. (a) Incorrect Section Reference.— Section 1402(d)(3) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C, 10601(d)(3)) is amended by striking “1404(a)” and inserting “1404A”. (b) Missing Text.— Section 1403(b)(1) of the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10602(b)(D) is amended by inserting after “domestic violence” the following: “ for— “(A) medical expenses attributable to a physical injury resulting from compensable crime, including expenses for mental health counseling and care; “(B) loss of wages attributable to a physical injury resulting from a compensable crime; and “(C) funeral expenses attributable to a death resulting from a compensable crime”.

  14. Community Development Banking and Financial Institutions Act of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–325 title I § 119(c) · 108 Stat. 2160

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 103–325 inserted “or any community development financial institution receiving financial assistance under the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994,” after “small business investment company,”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 103–325 inserted “or any community development financial institution receiving financial assistance under the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994,” after “small business investment company,”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Criminal Provision.— Section 657 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting “or any community development financial institution receiving financial assistance under the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994,” after “small business investment company,”.

  15. Economic Espionage Act of 1996

    Pub. L. 104–294 title VI § 606(a) · 110 Stat. 3488

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “$1,000” for “$100”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “$1,000” for “$100”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Sections 215, 288, 641, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 665, 872, 1003, 1025, 1163, 1361, 1707, 1711, and 2113 of title 18, United States Code, are amended by striking “$100” each place it appears and inserting “$1,000”.

  16. Pub. L. 106–78 title VII § 767 · 113 Stat. 1135

    Inserted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 767. Sections 657, 658, 1006, and 1014 of title 18, United States Code, are amended by— (1) inserting “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” each place it appears; and (2) inserting “or successor agency” after “Rural Development Administration” each place it appears.

  17. Federal Housing Finance Regulatory Reform Act of 2008

    Pub. L. 110–289 div. A title II § 1216(c) · 122 Stat. 2654

    Substituted · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Title 18, United States Code.— Title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking “Federal Housing Finance Board” each place such term appears in each of sections 212, 657, 1006, and 1014, and inserting “Federal Housing Finance Agency”.

  18. Enhancing Financial Institution Safety and Soundness Act of 2010

    Pub. L. 111–203 title III § 377(2) · 124 Stat. 1376

    Struck · 18 U.S.C. § 657

    Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “National Credit Union Administration,”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “National Credit Union Administration,”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in section 657, by striking “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation,”;

    Effective date note
    Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

18 of 21 references resolved to an enrolled provision · 3 partial

Notes

Historical and Revision Notes
1948 Act

Based on sections 1026(b) and 1514(c) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Agriculture, and sections 264(u), 984, 1121, 1138d(c), 1311, 1441(c), 1467(c), and 1731(c) of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, and section 616(c) of title 15, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Commerce and Trade (Dec. 23, 1913, ch. 6, § 12B(u), as added June 16, 1933, ch. 89, § 8, 48 Stat. 178; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 31, fourth paragraph, 39 Stat. 382; July 17, 1916, ch. 245, § 211(a), as added Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, § 2, 42 Stat. 1459; Mar. 4, 1923, ch. 252, title II, § 216(a), 42 Stat. 1471; Jan. 22, 1932, ch. 8, § 16(c), 47 Stat. 11; July 22, 1932, ch. 522, § 21(c), 47 Stat. 738; , Ex. Ord. No. 6084; June 13, 1933, ch. 64, § 8(c), 48 Stat. 135; June 16, 1933, ch. 98, § 64(c), 48 Stat. 268; Jan. 31, 1934, ch. 7, § 13, 48 Stat. 347; June 27, 1934, ch. 847, § 512(c), 48 Stat. 1265; Aug. 23, 1935, ch. 614, § 101, 49 Stat. 701; July 22, 1937, ch. 517, title IV, § 52(b), 50 Stat. 532; Feb. 16, 1938, ch. 30, title V, § 514(c), 52 Stat. 76; Aug. 14, 1946, ch. 964, § 3, 60 Stat. 1064).

Each of the eleven sections from which this section was derived contained similar provisions relating to embezzlement, false entries, and fraudulent issuance or assignment of obligations with respect to one or more named agencies or corporations.

These were separated and the embezzlement and misapplication provisions of all form the basis of this section, and with one exception the remaining provisions of each section forming the basis for section 1006 of this title. The sole exception was that portion of said section 616(c) of title 15 as to the disclosure of information which now forms section 1904 of this title.

The revised section condenses and simplifies the constituent provisions without change of substance except as in this note indicated.

The punishment in each section was the same except that in section 1026(b) of title 7, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Agriculture, and sections 984, 1121, and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, the maximum fine was $5,000. The revised section adopts the $5,000 maximum. (For same penalty covering similar offense, see section 656 of this title.)

The smaller punishment for an offense involving $100 or less was added. (See reviser’s notes to sections 641–645 of this title.)

The enumeration of “moneys, funds, credits, securities, or other things of value” does not occur in any one of the original sections but is an adequate, composite enumeration of the instruments mentioned in each.

References to persons aiding and abetting contained in sections 984, 1121, 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, were omitted as unnecessary, such persons being made principals by section 2 of this title.

The term “receiver” is used in sections 1121 and 1311 of title 12, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Banks and Banking, with reference to Federal intermediate banks and agricultural credit corporations, and is undoubtedly embraced in the term “connected in any capacity with,” but the phrase “and whoever, being a receiver of any such institution” was inserted in this section to obviate all doubt as to its comprehensive scope.

The suggestion has been made that “private examiners” should be included. These undoubtedly are covered by the words “connected in any capacity with.” (See also section 655 of this title.)

The term “or any department or agency of the United States” was inserted in each revised section in order to clarify the sweeping provisions against fraudulent acts and to obviate any possibility of ambiguity by reason of the omission of specific agencies named in the constituent sections. (See section 6 of this title defining “department and agency.” For other verbal changes and deletions see reviser’s note under section 656 of this title.)

Senate Revision Amendment

Certain words were stricken from the section as being unnecessary and inconsistent with other sections of this revision defining embezzlement and without changing existing law. See Senate Report No. 1620, amendment No. 7, 80th Cong.

1949 Act

[Section 11] conforms section 657 of title 18, U.S.C., to administrative practice which in turn was modified to comply with congressional policy “not to use the Farmers Home Corporation to carry out the functions and duties provided for in H.R. 5991 [Farmers Home Administration Act of 1946] but to vest the authority in the Secretary of Agriculture to be administered through the Farmers Home Administration as an agency of the Department of Agriculture” (H. Rept. No. 2683, to accompany H.R. 5991, 79th Cong., 2d sess.).

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994, referred to in text, is Pub. L. 103–325, , 108 Stat. 2160. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 4701 of Title 12, Banks and Banking, and Tables.

Amendments1949–2010 · 13 rounds

2010

Pub. L. 111–203 struck out “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation,” after “National Credit Union Administration,”.

2008

Pub. L. 110–289 substituted “Federal Housing Finance Agency” for “Federal Housing Finance Board”.

1999

Pub. L. 106–78 inserted “or successor agency” after “Farmers Home Administration” and after “Rural Development Administration”.

1996

Pub. L. 104–294 substituted “$1,000” for “$100”.

1994

Pub. L. 103–325 inserted “or any community development financial institution receiving financial assistance under the Riegle Community Development and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1994,” after “small business investment company,”.

Pub. L. 103–322 struck out “Reconstruction Finance Corporation,” before “Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” and “Farmers’ Home Corporation,” before “the Secretary of Agriculture”, and substituted “under this title” for “not more than $1,000” before “or imprisoned not more than one year, or both”.

1990

Pub. L. 101–647, § 2595(a)(2), substituted “Office of Thrift Supervision, the Resolution Trust Corporation, any Federal home loan bank, the Federal Housing Finance Board,” for “Home Owners’ Loan Corporation,”, and directed substitution of “institution, other than an insured bank (as defined in section 656), the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation” which was executed by making the substitution for “institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” to reflect the probable intent of Congress and the intervening amendment by Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, see below.

Pub. L. 101–647, § 2504(c), substituted “30” for “20” before “years”.

Pub. L. 101–647, § 1603, substituted “the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation” for “the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation”.

Pub. L. 101–624 substituted “Farmers Home Administration, the Rural Development Administration” for “Farmers’ Home Administration”.

1989

Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(8)(A), substituted “the Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation, a Farm Credit Bank, a” for “any land bank, intermediate credit bank,”.

Pub. L. 101–73, § 962(a)(7), substituted “National Credit Union Administration Board” for “Administrator of the National Credit Union Administration”.

Pub. L. 101–73, § 961(c), substituted “$1,000,000” for “$5,000” and “20 years” for “five years”.

1970

Pub. L. 91–468 inserted reference to National Credit Union Administration and its Administrator.

1967

Pub. L. 90–19 substituted “Department of Housing and Urban Development” for “Federal Housing Administration”.

1961

Pub. L. 87–353 struck out reference to Federal Farm Mortgage Corporation.

1958

Pub. L. 85–699 inserted reference to any small business investment company.

1956

Act , inserted reference to any institution the accounts of which are insured by the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.

1949

Act , inserted reference to Secretary of Agriculture acting through the Farmers’ Home Administration.

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Effective Date of 2010 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 111–203 effective on the transfer date, see section 351 of Pub. L. 111–203, set out as a note under section 906 of Title 2, The Congress.

Exceptions From Transfer of Functions

Functions of corporations of Department of Agriculture; boards of directors and officers of such corporations; Advisory Board of Commodity Credit Corporation; and Farm Credit Administration or any agency, officer, or entity of, under, or subject to supervision of said Administration excepted from functions of officers, agencies, and employees transferred to Secretary of Agriculture by Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1953, § 1, eff. , 18 F.R. 3219, 67 Stat. 633, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

National Credit Union Administration

Establishment as independent agency, membership etc., see section 1752 et seq. of Title 12, Banks and Banking.

Executive Documents

Farm Credit Administration

Establishment of Farm Credit Administration as independent agency, and other changes in status, functions, etc., see Ex. Ord. No. 6084 set out preceding section 2241 of Title 12, Banks and Banking. See also section 2001 et seq. of Title 12.

Credits

1948–2010 · 16 acts
  1. 1948June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 729
  2. 1949May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 11, 63 Stat. 90
  3. 1956July 28, 1956, ch. 773, § 1, 70 Stat. 714
  4. 1958Pub. L. 85–699, title VII, § 703, , 72 Stat. 698
  5. 1961Pub. L. 87–353, § 3(q), , 75 Stat. 774
  6. 1967Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(a), , 81 Stat. 27
  7. 1970Pub. L. 91–468, § 4, , 84 Stat. 1016
  8. 1989Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, §§ 961(c), 962(a)(7), (8)(A), , 103 Stat. 499, 502
  9. 1990Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, § 2303(e), , 104 Stat. 3981
  10. 1990Pub. L. 101–647, title XVI, § 1603, title XXV, §§ 2504(c), 2595(a)(2), , 104 Stat. 4843, 4861, 4907
  11. 1994Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§ 330004(6), 330016(1)(H), , 108 Stat. 2141, 2147
  12. 1994Pub. L. 103–325, title I, § 119(c), , 108 Stat. 2188
  13. 1996Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 606(a), , 110 Stat. 3511
  14. 1999Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 767, , 113 Stat. 1174
  15. 2008Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, § 1216(c), , 122 Stat. 2792
  16. 2010Pub. L. 111–203, title III, § 377(2), , 124 Stat. 1569.
Show as published

(June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 729; May 24, 1949, ch. 139, § 11, 63 Stat. 90; July 28, 1956, ch. 773, § 1, 70 Stat. 714; Pub. L. 85–699, title VII, § 703, , 72 Stat. 698; Pub. L. 87–353, § 3(q), , 75 Stat. 774; Pub. L. 90–19, § 24(a), , 81 Stat. 27; Pub. L. 91–468, § 4, , 84 Stat. 1016; Pub. L. 101–73, title IX, §§ 961(c), 962(a)(7), (8)(A), , 103 Stat. 499, 502; Pub. L. 101–624, title XXIII, § 2303(e), , 104 Stat. 3981; Pub. L. 101–647, title XVI, § 1603, title XXV, §§ 2504(c), 2595(a)(2), , 104 Stat. 4843, 4861, 4907; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, §§ 330004(6), 330016(1)(H), , 108 Stat. 2141, 2147; Pub. L. 103–325, title I, § 119(c), , 108 Stat. 2188; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 606(a), , 110 Stat. 3511; Pub. L. 106–78, title VII, § 767, , 113 Stat. 1174; Pub. L. 110–289, div. A, title II, § 1216(c), , 122 Stat. 2792; Pub. L. 111–203, title III, § 377(2), , 124 Stat. 1569.)

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