Title 23 — Highways
Chapter 1 — Federal-Aid Highways
§ 163. Safety incentives to prevent operation of motor vehicles by intoxicated persons
Statutory text
General Authority.—
The Secretary shall make a grant, in accordance with this section, to any State that has enacted and is enforcing a law that provides that any person with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 percent or greater while operating a motor vehicle in the State shall be deemed to have committed a per se offense of driving while intoxicated (or an equivalent per se offense).
Grants.—
For each fiscal year, funds authorized to carry out this section shall be apportioned to each State that has enacted and is enforcing a law meeting the requirements of subsection (a) in an amount determined by multiplying—
the amount authorized to carry out this section for the fiscal year; by
the ratio that the amount of funds apportioned to each such State under section 402 for such fiscal year bears to the total amount of funds apportioned to all such States under section 402 for such fiscal year.
Use of Grants.—
A State may obligate funds apportioned under subsection (b) for any project eligible for assistance under this title.
Federal Share.—
The Federal share of the cost of a project funded under this section shall be 100 percent.
Penalty.—
Fiscal years 2007 through 2011.—
On , and October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year 2011, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall withhold an amount equal to 8 percent of the amounts to be apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b).1
Fiscal year 2012 and thereafter.—
On , and October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall withhold an amount equal to 6 percent of the amounts to be apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 104(b).
Failure to comply.—
If, within 4 years from the date that an apportionment for a State is withheld in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary determines that the State has enacted and is enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the apportionment of the State shall be increased by an amount equal to the amount withheld. If, at the end of such 4-year period, any State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a) any amounts so withheld from such State shall lapse.
Authorization of Appropriations.—
In general.—
There are authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $55,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, $65,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2003, $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2005 $91,315,068 for the period of , through .2
Availability of funds.—
Notwithstanding section 118(b), the funds authorized by this subsection shall remain available until expended.
Footnotes
Legislative history
Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.
Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
Pub. L. 105–178 title I § 1404(a) · 112 Stat. 107
Enacted · 23 U.S.C. § 163
Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1404(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 240
Source evidence
Code source credit
Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1404(a), June 9, 1998, 112 Stat. 240Enacted provision · exact public law section
(a) In General.— Chapter 1 of title 23, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: “§ 163. Safety incentives to prevent operation of motor vehicles by intoxicated persons “(a) General Authority.— The Secretary shall make a grant, in accordance with this section, to any State that has enacted and is enforcing a law that provides that any person with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 percent or greater while operating a motor vehicle in the State shall be deemed to have committed a per se offense of driving while intoxicated (or an equivalent per se offense). “(b) Grants.— For each fiscal year, funds authorized to carry out this section shall be apportioned to each State that has enacted and is enforcing a law meeting the requirements of subsection (a) in an amount determined by multiplying— “(1) the amount authorized to carry out this section for the fiscal year; by “(2) the ratio that the amount of funds apportioned to each such State under section 402 for such fiscal year bears to the total amount of funds apportioned to all such States under section 402 for such fiscal year. “(c) Use of Grants.— A State may obligate funds apportioned under subsection (b) for any project eligible for assistance under this title. “(d) Federal Share.— The Federal share of the cost of a project funded under this section shall be 100 percent. “(e) Authorization of Appropriations.— “(1) In general.— There are authorized to be appropriated out of the Highway Trust Fund (other than the Mass Transit Account) to carry out this section $55,000,000 for fiscal year 1998, $65,000,000 for fiscal year 1999, $80,000,000 for fiscal year 2000, $90,000,000 for fiscal year 2001, $100,000,000 for fiscal year 2002, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2003. “(2) Availability of funds.— Notwithstanding section 118(b)(2), the funds authorized by this subsection shall remain available until expended.” .Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2003
Pub. L. 108–88 § 6(a)(2) · 117 Stat. 1110
Struck and inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 108–88 struck out “and” after “2002,” and inserted before period at end “, and $50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–88 struck out “and” after “2002,” and inserted before period at end “, and $50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended— (A) by striking “and”; and (B) by inserting before the period at the end the following: “, and $50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004
Pub. L. 108–202 § 6(b) · 118 Stat. 478
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 108–202 substituted “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004” for “$50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 108–202 substituted “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004” for “$50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Prevention of Intoxicated Driver Incentive Grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$50,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through February 29, 2004” and inserting “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part II
Pub. L. 108–224 § 5(b) · 118 Stat. 627
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 108–224 substituted “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004” for “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 108–224 substituted “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004” for “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Prevention of Intoxicated Driver Incentive Grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$70,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through April 30, 2004” and inserting “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part III
Pub. L. 108–263 § 5(b) · 118 Stat. 698
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 108–263 substituted “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004” for “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 108–263 substituted “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004” for “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Prevention of Intoxicated Driver Incentive Grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$90,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through June 30, 2004” and inserting “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part IV
Pub. L. 108–280 § 5(b) · 118 Stat. 876
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 108–280 substituted “$110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004” for “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 108–280 substituted “$110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004” for “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Prevention of Intoxicated Driver Incentive Grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$100,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2003, through July 31, 2004” and inserting “$110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2004, Part V
Pub. L. 108–310 § 6(a)(2) · 118 Stat. 1144
Struck and inserted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 108–310 struck out “and” after “2003,” and inserted “, and $73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005” before period at end
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–310 struck out “and” after “2003,” and inserted “, and $73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005” before period at end.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title 23 USC 163. is amended— (A) by striking “and”; and (B) by inserting before the period at the end the following: “, and $73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005
Pub. L. 109–14 § 5(a)(2) · 119 Stat. 324
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 109–14 substituted “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005” for “$73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 109–14 substituted “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005” for “$73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$73,333,333 for the period of October 1, 2004, through May 31, 2005” and inserting “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part II
Pub. L. 109–20 § 5(a)(2) · 119 Stat. 346
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 109–20 substituted “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005” for “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 109–20 substituted “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005” for “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$82,500,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through June 30, 2005” and inserting “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part III
Pub. L. 109–35 § 5(a)(2) · 119 Stat. 379
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 109–35 substituted “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005” for “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 109–35 substituted “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005” for “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$88,000,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 19, 2005” and inserting “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part IV
Pub. L. 109–37 § 5(a)(2) · 119 Stat. 394
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 109–37 substituted “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005” for “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005”
Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Pub. L. 109–37 substituted “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005” for “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$89,100,000 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 21, 2005” and inserting “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005”.Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2005, Part V
Pub. L. 109–40 § 5(a)(2) · 119 Stat. 410
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1)
Pub. L. 109–40 substituted “$91,315,068 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005” for “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–40 substituted “$91,315,068 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005” for “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) Prevention of intoxicated driver incentive grants.— Section 163(e)(1) of such title is amended by striking “$90,410,958 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 27, 2005” and inserting “$91,315,068 for the period of October 1, 2004, through July 30, 2005”.Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
Pub. L. 109–59 § 1407(a)(2) · 119 Stat. 1144
Redesignated · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)
Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(a)(2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(a)(2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: “(e) Penalty.— “(1) In general.— On October 1, 2003, and October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall withhold from amounts apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) an amount equal to the amount specified in paragraph (2). “(2) Amount to be withheld.— If a State is subject to a penalty under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall withhold for a fiscal year from the apportionments of the State described in paragraph (1) an amount equal to a percentage of the funds apportioned to the State under paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) for fiscal year 2003. The percentage shall be as follows: “(A) For fiscal year 2004, 2 percent. “(B) For fiscal year 2005, 4 percent. “(C) For fiscal year 2006, 6 percent. “(D) For fiscal year 2007, and each fiscal year thereafter, 8 percent. “(3) Failure to comply.— If, within 4 years from the date that an apportionment for a State is withheld in accordance with this subsection, the Secretary determines that the State has enacted and is enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the apportionment of the State shall be increased by an amount equal to the amount withheld. If, at the end of such 4-year period, any State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a) any amounts so withheld from such State shall lapse.” .Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
Pub. L. 109–59 § 1407(a)(1) · 119 Stat. 1144
Redesignated · 23 U.S.C. § 163(f)
Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f)
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).Enacted provision · exact public law section
(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); andSafe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users
Pub. L. 109–59 § 1407(b) · 119 Stat. 1144
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(f)(1)
Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(b), substituted “2004, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2005” for “2004, and”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(b), substituted “2004, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2005” for “2004, and”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(b) Authorization of Appropriations.— Section 163(f)(1) of such title (as redesignated by subsection (a)(1) of this section) is amended by striking “2004, and” and inserting “2004, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2005”.Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act
Pub. L. 112–141 div. A title I § 1404(i) · 126 Stat. 405
Added · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1); 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(2)
Pub. L. 112–141 added pars. (1) and (2)
Struck · 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(1); 23 U.S.C. § 163(e)(2)
Pub. L. 112–141 struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which related to penalty generally and amount to be withheld, respectively
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 112–141 added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which related to penalty generally and amount to be withheld, respectively.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(i) Operation of Motor Vehicles by Intoxicated Persons.— Section 163(e) of title 23, United States Code, is amended by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and inserting the following: “(1) Fiscal years 2007 through 2011.— On October 1, 2006, and October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter through fiscal year 2011, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall withhold an amount equal to 8 percent of the amounts to be apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b). “(2) Fiscal year 2012 and thereafter.— On October 1, 2011, and October 1 of each fiscal year thereafter, if a State has not enacted or is not enforcing a law described in subsection (a), the Secretary shall withhold an amount equal to 6 percent of the amounts to be apportioned to the State on that date under each of paragraphs (1) and (2) of section 104(b).” .Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act
Pub. L. 114–94 div. A title I § 1446(a)(9) · 129 Stat. 1312
Substituted · 23 U.S.C. § 163(f)(2)
Pub. L. 114–94 substituted “118(b)” for “118(b)(2)”
Source evidence
Code amendment note
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted “118(b)” for “118(b)(2)”.Enacted provision · exact public law section
(9) Section 163(f)(2) is amended by striking “118(b)(2)” and inserting “118(b)”.Effective date note
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective Oct. 1, 2015, see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
18 of 18 references resolved to an enrolled provision
Editorial Notes
References in Text
Section 104, referred to in subsec. (e)(1), was amended generally by Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1105(a), , 126 Stat. 427.
Amendments2003–2015 · 5 rounds
2015
Subsec. (f)(2). Pub. L. 114–94 substituted “118(b)” for “118(b)(2)”.
2012
Subsec. (e)(1), (2). Pub. L. 112–141 added pars. (1) and (2) and struck out former pars. (1) and (2) which related to penalty generally and amount to be withheld, respectively.
2005
Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(a)(2), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 109–40 substituted “$91,315,068 for the period of , through ” for “$90,410,958 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 109–37 substituted “$90,410,958 for the period of , through ” for “$89,100,000 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 109–35 substituted “$89,100,000 for the period of , through ” for “$88,000,000 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 109–20 substituted “$88,000,000 for the period of , through ” for “$82,500,000 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 109–14 substituted “$82,500,000 for the period of , through ” for “$73,333,333 for the period of , through ”.
Subsec. (f). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(a)(1), redesignated subsec. (e) as (f).
Subsec. (f)(1). Pub. L. 109–59, § 1407(b), substituted “2004, and $110,000,000 for fiscal year 2005” for “2004, and”.
2004
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–310 struck out “and” after “2003,” and inserted “, and $73,333,333 for the period of , through ” before period at end.
Pub. L. 108–280 substituted “$110,000,000 for fiscal year 2004” for “$100,000,000 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 108–263 substituted “$100,000,000 for the period of , through ” for “$90,000,000 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 108–224 substituted “$90,000,000 for the period of , through ” for “$70,000,000 for the period of , through ”.
Pub. L. 108–202 substituted “$70,000,000 for the period of , through ” for “$50,000,000 for the period of , through ”.
2003
Subsec. (e)(1). Pub. L. 108–88 struck out “and” after “2002,” and inserted before period at end “, and $50,000,000 for the period of , through ”.
Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries
Effective Date of 2015 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 114–94 effective , see section 1003 of Pub. L. 114–94, set out as a note under section 5313 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Effective Date of 2012 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 112–141 effective , see section 3(a) of Pub. L. 112–141, set out as an Effective and Termination Dates of 2012 Amendment note under section 101 of this title.
Withholding of Funds for Failure To Enact and Enforce Laws Relating to Driving While Intoxicated
Pub. L. 106–346, § 101(a) [title III, § 351], , 114 Stat. 1356, 1356A–34, directed the Secretary to withhold a percentage, beginning in fiscal year 2004, of the amount required to be apportioned for Federal-aid highways to any State under former pars. (1), (3), and (4) of section 104(b) of this title, if a State had not enacted and was not enforcing a provision described in section 163(a) of this title, and provided for increase of the apportionment by an amount equal to such reduction if within 4 years from the date of the reduction the Secretary determined that such State had enacted and was enforcing a provision described in section 163(a) of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1407(c), , 119 Stat. 1231.
Credits
1998–2015 · 15 acts
- 1998Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1404(a), , 112 Stat. 240
- 2003amended Pub. L. 108–88, § 6(a)(2), , 117 Stat. 1119
- 2004Pub. L. 108–202, § 6(b), , 118 Stat. 483
- 2004Pub. L. 108–224, § 5(b), , 118 Stat. 632
- 2004Pub. L. 108–263, § 5(b), , 118 Stat. 703
- 2004Pub. L. 108–280, § 5(b), , 118 Stat. 881
- 2004Pub. L. 108–310, § 6(a)(2), , 118 Stat. 1152
- 2005Pub. L. 109–14, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 329
- 2005Pub. L. 109–20, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 351
- 2005Pub. L. 109–35, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 384
- 2005Pub. L. 109–37, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 399
- 2005Pub. L. 109–40, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 416
- 2005Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1407(a), (b), , 119 Stat. 1231
- 2012Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1404(i), , 126 Stat. 559
- 2015Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1446(a)(9), , 129 Stat. 1437.
Show as published
(Added Pub. L. 105–178, title I, § 1404(a), , 112 Stat. 240; amended Pub. L. 108–88, § 6(a)(2), , 117 Stat. 1119; Pub. L. 108–202, § 6(b), , 118 Stat. 483; Pub. L. 108–224, § 5(b), , 118 Stat. 632; Pub. L. 108–263, § 5(b), , 118 Stat. 703; Pub. L. 108–280, § 5(b), , 118 Stat. 881; Pub. L. 108–310, § 6(a)(2), , 118 Stat. 1152; Pub. L. 109–14, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 329; Pub. L. 109–20, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 351; Pub. L. 109–35, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 384; Pub. L. 109–37, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 399; Pub. L. 109–40, § 5(a)(2), , 119 Stat. 416; Pub. L. 109–59, title I, § 1407(a), (b), , 119 Stat. 1231; Pub. L. 112–141, div. A, title I, § 1404(i), , 126 Stat. 559; Pub. L. 114–94, div. A, title I, § 1446(a)(9), , 129 Stat. 1437.)