Skip to content
Congress Index

119th Congress

Menu

119th Congress

Title 42 — The Public Health and Welfare

Chapter 105 — Community Services Programs

§ 9836. Designation of Head Start agencies

Statutory text

(a)

Authority to designate

(1)

In general

The Secretary is authorized to designate as a Head Start agency any local public or private nonprofit agency, including community-based and faith-based organizations, or for-profit agency, within a community, pursuant to the requirements of this section.

(2)

Interim policy

Notwithstanding paragraph (1), until such time as the Secretary develops and implements the system for designation renewal under this section, the Secretary is authorized to designate as a Head Start agency, any local public or private nonprofit agency, including community-based and faith-based organizations, or for-profit agency, within a community, in the manner and process utilized by the Secretary prior to .

(b)

Application for designation renewal

To be considered for designation renewal, an entity shall submit an application to the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may require.

(c)

System for designation renewal

(1)

In general

The Secretary shall develop a system for designation renewal that integrates the recommendations of the expert panel convened under paragraph (2) to determine if a Head Start agency is delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program that meets the educational, health, nutritional, and social needs of the children and families it serves, and meets program and financial management requirements and standards described in section 9836a(a)(1) of this title, based on—

(A)

annual budget and fiscal management data;

(B)

program reviews conducted under section 9836a(c) of this title;

(C)

annual audits required under section 9842 of this title;

(D)

classroom quality as measured under section 9836a(c)(2)(F) of this title; and

(E)

Program Information Reports.

(2)

Expert panel

Not later than 3 months after , the Secretary shall convene an expert panel of 7 members to make recommendations to the Secretary on the development of a transparent, reliable, and valid system for designation renewal.

(3)

Composition of expert panel

The Secretary, in convening such panel, shall appoint the following:

(A)
(i)

One member, who has demonstrated competency, as evidenced by training, expertise, and experience, in early childhood program accreditation.

(ii)

One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in research on early childhood development.

(iii)

One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in governance and finance of nonprofit organizations.

(iv)

One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in delivery of services to populations of children with special needs and their families.

(v)

One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in assessment and evaluation of programs serving young children.

(B)

An employee from the Office of Head Start.

(C)

An executive director of a Head Start agency.

(4)

Expert panel report

Within 9 months after being convened by the Secretary, the expert panel shall issue a report to the Secretary that provides recommendations on a proposed system for designation renewal that takes into account the criteria in subparagraphs (A) through (E) of paragraph (1) to evaluate whether a Head Start agency is fulfilling its mission to deliver a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program, including adequately meeting its governance, legal, and financial management requirements.

(5)

Public comment and consideration

Not later than 3 months after receiving the report described in paragraph (4), the Secretary shall publish a notice describing a proposed system for designation renewal in the Federal Register, including a proposal for the transition to such system, providing at least 90 days for public comment. The Secretary shall review and consider public comments prior to finalizing the system for designation renewal described in this subsection.

(6)

Designation renewal system

Not later than 12 months after publishing a notice describing the proposed system under paragraph (5), the Secretary shall implement the system for designation renewal and use that system to determine—

(A)

whether a Head Start grantee is successfully delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program; and

(B)

whether the grantee has any unresolved deficiencies found during the last triennial review under section 9836a(c) of this title.

(7)

Implementation of the designation renewal system

(A)

In general

A grantee who is determined under such system—

(i)

to be delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program shall be designated (consistent with section 9838 of this title) as a Head Start agency for the period of 5 years described in section 9833 of this title;

(ii)

to not be delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program shall be subject to an open competition as described in subsection (d); and

(iii)

in the case of an Indian Head Start agency, to not be delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program shall (notwithstanding clause (ii)) be subject to the requirements of subparagraph (B).

(B)

Tribal government consultation and reevaluation

On making a determination described in subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary shall engage in government-to-government consultation with the appropriate tribal government or governments for the purpose of establishing a plan to improve the quality of Head Start programs operated by the Indian Head Start agency. Such plan shall be established and implemented within 6 months after the Secretary’s determination. Not more than 6 months after the implementation of that plan, the Secretary shall reevaluate the performance of the Indian Head Start agency. If the Indian Head Start agency is still not delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program, the Secretary shall conduct an open competition as described in subsection (d), subject to the limitations described in subsection (e).

(8)

Transparency, reliability, and validity

The Secretary shall ensure the system for designation renewal is fair, consistent, and transparent and is applied in a manner that renews designations, in a timely manner, grantees as Head Start agencies for periods of 5 years if such grantees are delivering high-quality and comprehensive Head Start programs. The Secretary shall periodically evaluate whether the criteria of the system are being applied in a manner that is transparent, reliable, and valid.

(9)

Transition

(A)

In general

Each Head Start agency shall be reviewed under the system for designation renewal described in paragraph (6), not later than 3 years after the implementation of such system.

(B)

Limitation

A Head Start agency shall not be subject to the requirements of the system for designation renewal prior to 18 months after .

(C)

Schedule

The Secretary shall establish and implement a schedule for reviewing each Head Start agency under the system for designation renewal described in paragraph (6), consistent with subparagraphs (A) and (B).

(10)

Reports to Congress

The Secretary shall—

(A)

make available to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate the report described in paragraph (4);

(B)

concurrently with publishing a notice in the Federal Register as described in paragraph (5), provide a report to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate that provides a detailed description of the proposed system described in paragraph (5), including a clear rationale for any differences between the proposed system and the recommendations of the expert panel, if any such differences exist; and

(C)

prior to implementing the system for designation renewal, provide a report to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate—

(i)

summarizing the public comment on the proposed system and the Secretary’s response to such comment; and

(ii)

describing the final system for designation renewal and the plans for implementation of such system.

(d)

Designation when no entity is renewed

(1)

In general

If no entity in a community is determined to be successfully delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program, as specified in subsection (c), the Secretary shall, after conducting an open competition, designate for a 5-year period a Head Start agency from among qualified applicants in such community.

(2)

Considerations for designation

In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall consider the effectiveness of each such applicant to provide Head Start services, based on—

(A)

any past performance of such applicant in providing services comparable to Head Start services, including how effectively such applicant provided such comparable services;

(B)

the plan of such applicant to provide comprehensive health, educational, nutritional, social, and other services needed to aid participating children in attaining their full potential, and to prepare children to succeed in school;

(C)

the plan of such applicant to attract and retain qualified staff capable of delivering, including implementing, a high-quality and comprehensive program, including the ability to carry out a research based curriculum aligned with the Head Start Child Outcomes Framework and, as appropriate, State early learning standards;

(D)

the ability of such applicant to maintain child-to-teacher ratios and family service worker caseloads that reflect best practices and are tied to high-quality service delivery;

(E)

the capacity of such applicant to serve eligible children with—

(i)

curricula that are based on scientifically valid research, that are developmentally appropriate, and that promote the school readiness of children participating in the program involved; and

(ii)

teaching practices that are based, as appropriate, on scientifically valid research, that are developmentally appropriate, and that promote the school readiness of children participating in the program involved;

(F)

the plan of such applicant to meet standards described in section 9836a(a)(1) of this title, with particular attention to the standards described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of such section;

(G)

the proposed budget of the applicant and plan of such applicant to maintain strong fiscal controls and cost-effective fiscal management;

(H)

the plan of such applicant to coordinate and collaborate with other public or private entities providing early childhood education and development programs and services for young children in the community involved, including—

(i)

preschool programs under title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.);

(ii)

programs under section 619 and part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1419, 1431 et seq.);

(iii)

State prekindergarten programs;

(iv)

child care programs;

(v)

the educational programs that the children in the Head Start program involved will enter at the age of compulsory school attendance; and

(vi)

local entities, such as a public or school library, for—

(I)

conducting reading readiness programs;

(II)

developing innovative programs to excite children about the world of books, including providing fresh books in the Head Start classroom;

(III)

assisting in literacy training for Head Start teachers; or

(IV)

supporting parents and other caregivers in literacy efforts;

(I)

the plan of such applicant to coordinate the Head Start program that the applicant proposes to carry out, with public and private entities that are willing to commit resources to assist the Head Start program in meeting its program needs;

(J)

the plan of such applicant—

(i)

to facilitate the involvement of parents (including grandparents and kinship caregivers, as appropriate) of children participating in the proposed Head Start program, in activities (at home and, if practicable, at the location of the Head Start program) designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children;

(ii)

to afford such parents the opportunity to participate in the development and overall conduct of the program at the local level, including transportation assistance, as appropriate;

(iii)

to offer (directly or through referral to local entities, public and school libraries, and entities carrying out family support programs) to such parents—

(I)

family literacy services; and

(II)

parenting skills training;

(iv)

to offer to parents of participating children substance abuse counseling (either directly or through referral to local entities), if needed, including information on the effect of drug exposure on infants and fetal alcohol syndrome;

(v)

at the option of such applicant, to offer (directly or through referral to local entities) to such parents—

(I)

training in basic child development (including cognitive, social, and emotional development);

(II)

assistance in developing literacy and communication skills;

(III)

opportunities to share experiences with other parents (including parent-mentor relationships);

(IV)

regular in-home visitation;

(V)

health services, including information on maternal depression; or

(VI)

any other activity designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children;

(vi)

to provide, with respect to each participating family, a family needs assessment that includes consultation with such parents (including foster parents, grandparents, and kinship caregivers, where applicable), in a manner and language that such parents can understand, to the extent practicable, about the benefits of parent involvement and about the activities described in this subparagraph in which such parents may choose to become involved (taking into consideration their specific family needs, work schedules, and other responsibilities); and

(vii)

to extend outreach to fathers (including father figures), in appropriate cases, in order to strengthen the role of those fathers in families, in the education of young children, and in the Head Start program, by working directly with the fathers through activities such as—

(I)

in appropriate cases, including the fathers in home visits and providing opportunities for direct father-child interactions; and

(II)

targeting increased male participation in the conduct of the program;

(K)

the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of limited English proficient children and their families, including procedures to identify such children, plans to provide trained personnel, and plans to provide services to assist the children in making progress toward the acquisition of the English language, while making meaningful progress in attaining the knowledge, skills, abilities, and development described in section 9836a(a)(1)(B) of this title;

(L)

the plan of such applicant to meet the diverse needs of the population served;

(M)

the plan of such applicant who chooses to assist younger siblings of children who will participate in the Head Start program to obtain health services from other sources;

(N)

the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of children with disabilities, including procedures to identify such children, procedures for referral of such children for evaluation to State or local agencies providing services under section 619 or part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1419, 1431 et seq.), and plans for collaboration with those State or local agencies;

(O)

the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of homeless children, including transportation needs, and the needs of children in foster care; and

(P)

other factors related to the requirements of this subchapter.

(3)

Priority

In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants that have demonstrated capacity in providing effective, comprehensive, and well-coordinated early childhood education and development services and programs to children and their families.

(e)

Prohibition against non-Indian Head Start agency receiving a grant for an Indian Head Start program

(1)

In general

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in paragraph (2), under no condition may a non-Indian Head Start agency receive a grant to carry out an Indian Head Start program.

(2)

Exception

In a community in which there is no Indian Head Start agency available for designation to carry out an Indian Head Start program, a non-Indian Head Start agency may receive a grant to carry out an Indian Head Start program but only until such time as an Indian Head Start agency in such community becomes available and is designated pursuant to this section.

(f)

Interim provider

If no agency in a community is designated under subsection (d), and there is no qualified applicant in the community, the Secretary shall designate a qualified agency to carry out the Head Start program in the community on an interim basis until a qualified applicant from the community is designated under subsection (d).

(g)

Parent and community participation

The Secretary shall require that the practice of significantly involving parents and community residents in the area affected by the program involved, in the selection of Head Start agencies, be continued.

(h)

Community

For purposes of this subchapter, a community may be a city, county, or multicity or multicounty unit within a State, an Indian reservation (including Indians in any off-reservation area designated by an appropriate tribal government in consultation with the Secretary), or a neighborhood or other area (irrespective of boundaries or political subdivisions) that provides a suitable organizational base and possesses the commonality of interest needed to operate a Head Start program.

Legislative history

Reconstructed from this section’s Code source credit and amendment notes, resolved against the local Statutes at Large. Editorial notes are evidence, not the law that made the change.

  1. Head Start Act

    Pub. L. 97–35 title VI § 641 · 95 Stat. 357

    Enacted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836

    Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 641, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 501

    Source evidence

    Code source credit
    Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 641, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 501

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    Sec. 641. designation of head start agencies (a) The Secretary is authorized to designate as a Head 42 USC 9836. Start agency any local public or private nonprofit agency which (1) has the power and authority to carry out the purposes of this subchapter and perform the functions set forth in section 642 within a community; and (2) is determined by the Secretary to be capable of planning, conducting, administering, and evaluating, either directly or by other arrangements, a Head Start program. (b) For purposes of this subchapter, a community may be a city, “Community.” county, or multicity or multicounty unit within a State, an Indian reservation, or a neighborhood or other area (irrespective of boundaries or political subdivisions) which provides a suitable organizational base and possesses the commonality of interest needed to operate a Head Start program. (c) In the administration of the provisions of this section, the Secretary shall give priority in the designation of Head Start agencies to any local public or private nonprofit agency which is receiving funds under any Head Start program on the date of the enactment of this Act, except that— (1) the Secretary shall, before giving such priority, determine that the agency involved meets program and fiscal requirements established by the Secretary; and (2) if there is no such agency because of any change in the assistance furnished to programs for economically disadvantaged persons, then the Secretary shall give priority in the designation of Head Start agencies to any successor agency which is operated in substantially the same manner as the predecessor agency which did receive funds in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made. The provisions of clause (2) shall apply only to agencies actually operating Head Start programs. (d) The Secretary shall require that the practice of significantly involving parents and area residents affected by the program in selection of Head Start agencies be continued.

  2. Human Services Reauthorization Act

    Pub. L. 98–558 § 104(a) · 98 Stat. 2878

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(a)

    Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(a), inserted “, within a community,” after “private nonprofit agency”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(a), inserted “, within a community,” after “private nonprofit agency”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Section 641(a) of the Head Start Act is amended by inserting after “agency” the second time it appears “, within a community,”.

  3. Human Services Reauthorization Act

    Pub. L. 98–558 § 104(b)(1) · 98 Stat. 2878

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)

    Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(1), substituted “unless” for “, except that” in provisions preceding cl. (1)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(1), substituted “unless” for “, except that” in provisions preceding cl. (1).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by striking out “, except that” in the matter preceding clause (1) and inserting in lieu thereof “unless”;

  4. Human Services Reauthorization Act

    Pub. L. 98–558 § 104(b)(2) · 98 Stat. 2878

    1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(2), (3), substituted “makes a finding” for “shall, before giving such priority, determine”

    2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(2), (3), substituted “fails to meet” for “meet”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(2), (3), substituted “makes a finding” for “shall, before giving such priority, determine” and “fails to meet” for “meet”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by striking out “shall, before giving such priority, determine” in clause (1) and inserting in lieu thereof “makes a finding”;

  5. Human Services Reauthorization Act

    Pub. L. 98–558 § 104(b)(4) · 98 Stat. 2878

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

    Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(4), inserted “except that” before “if”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(4), inserted “except that” before “if”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) by inserting “except that” before “if” in clause (2).

  6. Human Services Reauthorization Act

    Pub. L. 98–558 § 104(c) · 98 Stat. 2878

    1. Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(f)

      Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(c), added subsecs. (d) and (e)

    2. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(f)

      Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(c), redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(c), added subsecs. (d) and (e) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (c) Section 641 of the Head Start Act is amended by redesignating 42 USC 9836. subsection (d) as subsection (f) and by inserting after subsection (c) the following new subsections: “(d) If there is no Head Start agency as described in subsection (CM2), and no existing Head Start program serving a community, then the Secretary may designate a Head Start agency from among qualified applicants in such community. Any such designation shall be governed by the program and fiscal requirements, criteria, and standards applicable on September 1, 1983, to then existing Head Start agencies. “(e) The provisions of subsections (c) and (d) shall be applied by the Secretary in the distribution of any additional appropriations made available under this subchapter during any fiscal year as well as to initial designations of Head Start agencies.”.

  7. Head Start Expansion and Quality Improvement Act

    Pub. L. 101–501 § 107 · 104 Stat. 1222

    1. Amended · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)

      Pub. L. 101–501, § 107, designated existing provisions as par. (1)

    2. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)

      Pub. L. 101–501, § 107, redesignated former par. (1) as subpar. (A)

    3. Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)

      Pub. L. 101–501, § 107, added subpar. (B) and pars. (2) to (4)

    4. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)

      Pub. L. 101–501, § 107, struck out former par. (2) and last sentence which read as follows:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–501, § 107, designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former par. (1) as subpar. (A), added subpar. (B) and pars. (2) to (4), and struck out former par. (2) and last sentence which read as follows:

    “(2) except that if there is no such agency because of any change in the assistance furnished to programs for economically disadvantaged persons, then the Secretary shall give priority in the designation of Head Start agencies to any successor agency which is operated in substantially the same manner as the predecessor agency which did receive funds in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made. The provisions of clause (2) shall apply only to agencies actually operating Head Start programs.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 107. CONDITIONS ON RENEWED FUNDING OF GRANTEES. (a) In General.— Section 641(c) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836(c)) is amended— (1) by redesignating paragraph (1) as subparagraph (A), (2) by inserting “(1)” after “(c)”, and (3) by striking paragraph (2) and the matter following such paragraph and inserting the following: “(B) except that, if there is no agency of the type referred to in subparagraph (A) because of any change in the assistance furnished to programs for economically disadvantaged persons, the Secretary shall give priority in the designation of Head Start agencies to any successor agency that is operating a Head Start program in substantially the same manner as the predecessor agency that did receive funds in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made. “(2) The Secretary shall conduct a full review of each designated Head Start agency at least once during each 3-year period, and shall determine whether each agency meets program and fiscal requirements established by the Secretary. “(3) In carrying out a review of each Head Start agency under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall— “(A) to the maximum extent practicable, carry out such review by using employees of the Department of Health and Human Services who are knowledgeable about Head Start programs; “(B) ensure that an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is knowledgeable about Head Start programs supervises such review at the site of such agency; “(C) measure the compliance of the programs of such agency with the performance standards in effect under section 651(b); and “(D) identify the types and conditions of facilities in which such programs are located. “(4) The results of a review conducted under this subsection shall not be sufficient alone for the purpose of determining whether to continue, or to discontinue, providing funds to a particular Head Start agency.”.

  8. Head Start Expansion and Quality Improvement Act

    Pub. L. 101–501 § 108 · 104 Stat. 1222

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)

    Pub. L. 101–501, § 108, inserted at end “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency and subject to the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall consider the effectiveness of each such applicant to provide Head Start services, based on—” and pars. (1) to (7)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–501, § 108, inserted at end “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency and subject to the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall consider the effectiveness of each such applicant to provide Head Start services, based on—” and pars. (1) to (7).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 108. DESIGNATION OF HEAD START AGENCIES. Section 641(d) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836(d)) is amended by adding at the end the following: “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency and subject to the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall consider the effectiveness of each such applicant to provide Head Start services, based on— “(1) any past performance of such applicant in providing services comparable to Head Start services, including how effectively such applicant provided such comparable services; “(2) the plan of such applicant to provide comprehensive health, nutritional, educational, social, and other services needed to aid participating children in attaining their full potential; “(3) the plan of such applicant to coordinate the Head Start program it proposes to carry out, with other preschool programs and with the educational programs such children will enter at the age of compulsory school attendance; “(4) the plan of such applicant to involve parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program in appropriate educational services (in accordance with the performance standards in effect under section 651(b) or through referral of such parents to educational services available in the community) in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; “(5) the ability of such applicant to carry out the plans described in paragraphs (2), (3), and (4); “(6) other factors related to the requirements of this subchapter; and “(7) the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of non-English language children in the community.”.

  9. Head Start Improvement Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–401 § 2(e)(1) · 106 Stat. 1956

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

    Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(e)(1), inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the Secretary shall not give such priority to any agency with respect to which financial assistance has been terminated, or an application for refunding has been denied, under this subchapter by the Secretary after affording such agency reasonable notice and opportunity for a full and fair hearing in accordance with section 9841(a)(3) of this title.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(e)(1), inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the Secretary shall not give such priority to any agency with respect to which financial assistance has been terminated, or an application for refunding has been denied, under this subchapter by the Secretary after affording such agency reasonable notice and opportunity for a full and fair hearing in accordance with section 9841(a)(3) of this title.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) Section 641(c)(1) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836(c)(1) is amended by adding at the end the following: “Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the Secretary shall not give such priority to any agency with respect to which financial assistance has been terminated, or an application for refunding has been denied, under this subchapter by the Secretary after affording such agency reasonable notice and opportunity for a full and fair nearing in accordance with section 646(a)(3).”.

  10. Head Start Improvement Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–401 § 2(f) · 106 Stat. 1956

    1. Amended · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

      Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(f), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A)

    2. Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

      Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(f), added subpars. (B) and (C)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(f), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (f) Review of Head Start Agencies.— Section 641(c)(2) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836(c)(2)) is amended— (1) by inserting “(A)” after “(2)”, and (2) by adding at the end the following: “(B) The Secretary shall conduct a review of each newly designated Head Start agency immediately after the completion of the first year such agency carries out a Head Start program. “(C) The Secretary shall conduct follow up reviews of Head Start agencies when appropriate.”.

  11. Head Start Improvement Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–401 § 2(g) · 106 Stat. 1956

    Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(8); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(9)

    Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(g), added pars. (8) and (9)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(8), (9). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(g), added pars. (8) and (9).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (g) Designation of Head Start Agencies.— Section 641(d) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836(d)) is amended— (1) in paragraph (6) by striking “and” at the end, (2) in paragraph (7) by striking the period at the end and inserting a semicolon, and (3) by adding at the end the following: “(8) the plan of such applicant to provide (directly or through referral to educational services available in the community) parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program with child development and literacy skills training in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; and “(9) the plan of such applicant who chooses to assist younger siblings of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program to obtain health services from other sources.”.

  12. Head Start Improvement Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–401 § 2(h)(3) · 106 Stat. 1956

    Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(e)

    Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (3) by inserting after subsection (d) the following: “(e) If, in a community served by a Head Start program, there is no applicant qualified for designation as a Head Start agency to carry out such program, the Secretary may appoint an interim grantee to carry out such program until a qualified applicant is so designated.”.

  13. Head Start Improvement Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–401 § 2(h)(1) · 106 Stat. 1956

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(e)

    Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(1), substituted “(c), (d), and (e)” for “(c) and (d)”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(1), substituted “(c), (d), and (e)” for “(c) and (d)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subsection (e) by striking “(c) and (d)” and inserting “(c), (d), and (e)”,

  14. Head Start Improvement Act of 1992

    Pub. L. 102–401 § 2(h)(2) · 106 Stat. 1956

    Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(f); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(g)

    Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(2), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (f) and (g), respectively

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(2), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (f) and (g), respectively.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) by redesignating subsections (e) and (D as subsections (f) and (g), respectively, and

  15. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(a) · 108 Stat. 623

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(b)

    Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(a), inserted “(including Indians in any area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation)” after “Indian reservation”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(a), inserted “(including Indians in any area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation)” after “Indian reservation”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (a) Indian Reservations.— Section 641(b) (42 U.S.C. 9836(b)) is amended by inserting after “Indian reservation” the following: “(including Indians in any area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation)”.

  16. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(b)(2) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(2), (3), (5), inserted “(subject to paragraph (2))” after “the provisions of this section”

    2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(2), (3), (5), struck out subpar. (A)

    3. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(2), (3), (5), inserted “the Secretary makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary.” after “unless”

    4. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(2), (3), (5), redesignated subpar. (B) as par. (2) and concluding provisions as par. (3)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(2), (3), (5), inserted “(subject to paragraph (2))” after “the provisions of this section”, struck out subpar. (A), inserted “the Secretary makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary.” after “unless”, and redesignated subpar. (B) as par. (2) and concluding provisions as par. (3).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in the first sentence— (A) by inserting “(subject to paragraph (2))” before “, the Secretary shall give priority”; and (B) by striking “unless” and all that follows through the end of subparagraph (A) and inserting the following: “unless the Secretary makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary.”;

  17. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(b)(1) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (3), (4), (6), redesignated par. (1)(B) as (2) and realigned margins

    2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (3), (4), (6), substituted “If” for “except that, if”

    3. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (3), (4), (6), substituted “paragraph (1)” for “subparagraph (A)”

    4. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (3), (4), (6), struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (3), (4), (6), redesignated par. (1)(B) as (2) and realigned margins, substituted “If” for “except that, if” and “paragraph (1)” for “subparagraph (A)”, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

    “(2)(A) The Secretary shall conduct a full review of each designated Head Start agency at least once during each 3-year period, and shall determine whether each agency meets program and fiscal requirements established by the Secretary. “(B) The Secretary shall conduct a review of each newly designated Head Start agency immediately after the completion of the first year such agency carries out a Head Start program. “(C) The Secretary shall conduct followup reviews of Head Start agencies when appropriate.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by striking paragraphs (2) through (4);

  18. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(b)(1) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(3)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (5), redesignated concluding provisions of par. (1) as (3)

    2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(3)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (5), substituted “this subsection” for “this paragraph”

    3. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(3)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (5), struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “In carrying out a review of each Head Start agency under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall—

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (5), redesignated concluding provisions of par. (1) as (3), substituted “this subsection” for “this paragraph”, and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “In carrying out a review of each Head Start agency under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall—

    “(A) to the maximum extent practicable, carry out such review by using employees of the Department of Health and Human Services who are knowledgeable about Head Start programs; “(B) ensure that an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is knowledgeable about Head Start programs supervises such review at the site of such agency; “(C) measure the compliance of the programs of such agency with the performance standards in effect under section 9846(b) of this title; and “(D) identify the types and conditions of facilities in which such programs are located.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by striking paragraphs (2) through (4);

  19. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(b)(1) · 108 Stat. 623

    Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(4)

    Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: “The results of a review conducted under this subsection shall not be sufficient alone for the purpose of determining whether to continue, or to discontinue, providing funds to a particular Head Start agency.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: “The results of a review conducted under this subsection shall not be sufficient alone for the purpose of determining whether to continue, or to discontinue, providing funds to a particular Head Start agency.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) by striking paragraphs (2) through (4);

  20. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(c)(1) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(1)–(3)(A), in introductory provisions substituted “If no entity in a community is entitled to the priority specified in subsection (c) of this section,” for “If there is no Head Start agency as described in subsection (c)(2) of this section, and no existing Head Start program serving a community,”

    2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(1)–(3)(A), in introductory provisions struck out “Any such designation shall be governed by the program and fiscal requirements, criteria, and standards applicable on September 1, 1983, to then existing Head Start agencies.” after first sentence and “subject to the preceding sentence” after “as a Head Start agency”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(1)–(3)(A), in introductory provisions substituted “If no entity in a community is entitled to the priority specified in subsection (c) of this section,” for “If there is no Head Start agency as described in subsection (c)(2) of this section, and no existing Head Start program serving a community,” and struck out “Any such designation shall be governed by the program and fiscal requirements, criteria, and standards applicable on September 1, 1983, to then existing Head Start agencies.” after first sentence and “subject to the preceding sentence” after “as a Head Start agency”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in the first sentence, by striking all that precedes “then the Secretary” and inserting “If no entity in a community is entitled to the priority specified in subsection (c),”;

  21. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(c)(3)(B) · 108 Stat. 623

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(3)

    Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(3)(B), inserted “, including Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.),” after “preschool programs”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(3)(B), inserted “, including Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.),” after “preschool programs”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting “, including Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.),” after “preschool programs”; and

  22. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(c)(3)(C) · 108 Stat. 623

    Amended · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)

    Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(3)(C), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to involve parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program in appropriate educational services (in accordance with the performance standards in effect under section 9846(b) of this title or through referral of such parents to educational services available in the community) in order to aid their children to attain their full potential;”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(3)(C), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to involve parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program in appropriate educational services (in accordance with the performance standards in effect under section 9846(b) of this title or through referral of such parents to educational services available in the community) in order to aid their children to attain their full potential;”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) in paragraph (4), to read as follows: “(4) the plan of such applicant— “(A) to seek the involvement of parents of participating children in activities designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children; “(B) to afford such parents the opportunity to participate in the development, conduct, and overall performance of the program at the local level; “(C) to offer (directly or through referral to local entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.), public and school libraries, and family support programs) to such parents— “(i) family literacy services; and “(ii) parenting skills training; “(D) at the option of such applicant, to offer (directly or through referral to local entities) to such parents— “(i) training in basic child development; “(ii) assistance in developing communication skills; “(iii) opportunities for parents to share experiences with other parents; “(iv) substance abuse counseling; or “(v) any other activity designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children; and “(E) to provide, with respect to each participating family, a family needs assessment that includes consultation with such parents about the benefits of parent involvement and about the activities described in subparagraphs (C) and (D) in which such parents may choose to become involved (taking into consideration their specific family needs, work schedules, and other responsibilities);”;

  23. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(c)(4) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(7)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(4), substituted “non-English language background children and their families” for “non-English language children”

    2. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(7)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(4), inserted “and” after semicolon

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(4), substituted “non-English language background children and their families” for “non-English language children” and inserted “and” after semicolon.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (4) in paragraph (7)— (A) by striking “non-English language children” and inserting “non-English language background children and their families”; and (B) by inserting “and” after the semicolon;

  24. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(c)(5) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(8); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(9)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(5), (6), redesignated par. (9) as (8)

    2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(8); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(9)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(5), (6), struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to provide (directly or through referral to educational services available in the community) parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program with child development and literacy skills training in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; and”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(8), (9). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(5), (6), redesignated par. (9) as (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to provide (directly or through referral to educational services available in the community) parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program with child development and literacy skills training in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; and”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) by striking paragraph (8); and

  25. Head Start Act Amendments of 1994

    Pub. L. 103–252 § 107(d) · 108 Stat. 623

    1. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(f); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(g)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(d), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f)

    2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(f); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(g)

      Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(d), struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “The provisions of subsections (c), (d), and (e) of this section shall be applied by the Secretary in the distribution of any additional appropriations made available under this subchapter during any fiscal year as well as to initial designations of Head Start agencies.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(d), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “The provisions of subsections (c), (d), and (e) of this section shall be applied by the Secretary in the distribution of any additional appropriations made available under this subchapter during any fiscal year as well as to initial designations of Head Start agencies.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (d) Conforming Amendment.— Section 641 (42 U.S.C. 9836) is amended— (1) by striking subsection (f); and (2) by redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (f).

  26. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(1) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(a)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(1), inserted “or for-profit” after “nonprofit” and “(in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved, if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs)” after “Secretary” in cl. (2)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(1), inserted “or for-profit” after “nonprofit” and “(in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved, if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs)” after “Secretary” in cl. (2).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (1) in subsection (a)— (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting “or for–profit” after “nonprofit”; and (B) by inserting “(in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved, if such State expends non–Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs)” after “Secretary” the last place it appears;

  27. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(2) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(b)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(2), substituted “off-reservation area designated by an appropriate tribal government in consultation with the Secretary” for “area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(2), substituted “off-reservation area designated by an appropriate tribal government in consultation with the Secretary” for “area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (2) in subsection (b), by striking “area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation” and inserting “off-reservation area designated by an appropriate tribal government in consultation with the Secretary”;

  28. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(3)(A) · 112 Stat. 2702

    1. Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(A), inserted “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “Secretary shall” and “or for-profit” after “nonprofit”

    2. Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(1)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(A), substituted “determines that the agency involved fails to meet program and financial management requirements, performance standards described in section 9836a(a)(1) of this title, results-based performance measures developed by the Secretary under section 9836a(b) of this title, or other requirements established by the Secretary” for “makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(A), inserted “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “Secretary shall” and “or for-profit” after “nonprofit” and substituted “determines that the agency involved fails to meet program and financial management requirements, performance standards described in section 9836a(a)(1) of this title, results-based performance measures developed by the Secretary under section 9836a(b) of this title, or other requirements established by the Secretary” for “makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in paragraph (1)— (i) by inserting “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “shall”; (ii) by inserting “or for–profit” after “nonprofit”; and (iii) by striking “makes a finding” and all that follows through the period at the end, and inserting the following: “determines that the agency involved fails to meet program and financial management requirements, performance standards described in section 641A(a)(1), results-based performance measures developed by the Secretary under section 641A(b), or other requirements established by the Secretary.”;

  29. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(3)(B) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(2)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(B), (C), inserted “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “Secretary shall” and realigned margins

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(B), (C), inserted “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “Secretary shall” and realigned margins.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (2), by inserting “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “shall”; and

  30. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(3)(C) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Changed · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(c)(3)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(C), realigned margins

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(C), realigned margins.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (C) by aligning the margins of paragraphs (2) and (3) with the margin of paragraph (1);

  31. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(A) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(A), inserted in introductory provisions “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall give priority to any qualified agency that functioned as a Head Start delegate agency in the community and carried out a Head Start program that the Secretary determines met or exceeded such performance standards and such results-based performance measures.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(A), inserted in introductory provisions “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall give priority to any qualified agency that functioned as a Head Start delegate agency in the community and carried out a Head Start program that the Secretary determines met or exceeded such performance standards and such results-based performance measures.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by inserting after the first sentence the following: “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall give priority to any qualified agency that functioned as a Head Start delegate agency in the community and carried out a Head Start program that the Secretary determines met or exceeded such performance standards and such results-based performance measures.”;

  32. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(B) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(3)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(B), inserted “and programs under part C and section 619 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C 1431–1445, 1419)” after “(20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(B), inserted “and programs under part C and section 619 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C 1431–1445, 1419)” after “(20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting “and programs under part C and section 619 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C 1431–1445, 1419)” after “(20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)”;

  33. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(i) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(A)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(i), inserted “(at home and in the center involved where practicable)” after “activities”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(i), inserted “(at home and in the center involved where practicable)” after “activities”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting “(at home and in the center involved where practicable)” after “activities”;

  34. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(v) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(D)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(v), added subpar. (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4)(D). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(v), added subpar. (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (v) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the following: “(D) to offer to parents of participating children substance abuse counseling (either directly or through referral to local entities), including information on drug-exposed infants and fetal alcohol syndrome;”;

  35. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(ii)(I) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Inserted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(D)(iii)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(I), inserted “or” at end

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4)(D)(iii). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(I), inserted “or” at end.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (I) in clause (iii), by adding “or” at the end;

  36. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(ii)(II) · 112 Stat. 2702

    1. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(D)(iv); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(D)(v)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(II), (III), redesignated cl. (v) as (iv)

    2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(D)(iv); 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(D)(v)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(II), (III), struck out former cl. (iv) which read as follows: “substance abuse counseling; or”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4)(D)(iv), (v). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(II), (III), redesignated cl. (v) as (iv) and struck out former cl. (iv) which read as follows: “substance abuse counseling; or”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (II) by striking clause (iv); and

  37. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(iv) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(E)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iv), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E). Former subpar. (E) redesignated (F)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4)(E). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iv), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E). Former subpar. (E) redesignated (F).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F), respectively; and

  38. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(iii) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(E)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iii), substituted “, (D), and (E)” for “and (D)”

    Target inherited from the preceding amendment note.

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iii), substituted “, (D), and (E)” for “and (D)”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (iii) in subparagraph (E), by striking “and (D)” and inserting “, (D), and (E)”;

  39. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(C)(iv) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(4)(F)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iv), redesignated subpar. (E) as (F)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(4)(F). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iv), redesignated subpar. (E) as (F).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) and (E) as subparagraphs (E) and (F), respectively; and

  40. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(D) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Amended · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(7)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(D), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of non-English language background children and their families in the community; and”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(D), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of non-English language background children and their families in the community; and”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (D) by amending paragraph (7) to read as follows: “(7) the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of non-English background children and their families, including needs related to the acquisition of the English language;”;

  41. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(4)(E) · 112 Stat. 2702

    1. Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(8)(10)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(E)–(G), added pars. (8) and (10)

    2. Redesignated · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(8)(10)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(E)–(G), redesignated former par. (8) as (9)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(E)–(G), added pars. (8) and (10) and redesignated former par. (8) as (9).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (E) in paragraph (8)— (i) by striking the period at the end and inserting “; and”; and (ii) by redesignating such paragraph as paragraph (9);

  42. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(5) · 112 Stat. 2702

    1. Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(e)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(5), added subsec. (e)

    2. Struck · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(e)

      Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(5), struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: “If, in a community served by a Head Start program, there is no applicant qualified for designation as a Head Start agency to carry out such program, the Secretary may appoint an interim grantee to carry out such program until a qualified applicant is so designated.”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(5), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: “If, in a community served by a Head Start program, there is no applicant qualified for designation as a Head Start agency to carry out such program, the Secretary may appoint an interim grantee to carry out such program until a qualified applicant is so designated.”

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (5) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following: “(e) If no agency in the community receives priority designation under subsection (c), and there is no qualified applicant in the community, the Secretary shall designate a qualified agency to carry out the Head Start program in the community on an interim basis until a qualified applicant from the community is so designated.”; and

  43. Head Start Amendments of 1998

    Pub. L. 105–285 § 107(6) · 112 Stat. 2702

    Added · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(g)

    Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(6), added subsec. (g)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(6), added subsec. (g).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    (6) by adding at the end the following: “(g) If the Secretary determines that a nonprofit agency and a for-profit agency have submitted applications for designation of equivalent quality under subsection (d), the Secretary may give priority to the nonprofit agency. In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency under subsection (d), the Secretary shall give priority to applicants that have demonstrated capacity in providing comprehensive early childhood services to children and their families.”.

  44. Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004

    Pub. L. 108–446 title III § 305 · 118 Stat. 2647

    Substituted · 42 U.S.C. § 9836(d)(3)

    Pub. L. 108–446 substituted “U.S.C. 1431–1444” for “U.S.C 1431–1445”

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 108–446 substituted “U.S.C. 1431–1444” for “U.S.C 1431–1445”.

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 305. IDEA TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS TO OTHER LAWS. (a) Title 10.— Section 2164(f) of title 10, United States Code is amended— (1) in paragraph (1)(B)— (A) by striking “infants and toddlers” each place the term appears and inserting “infants or toddlers”; (B) by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”; and (C) by striking “1471” and inserting “1431”; and (2) in paragraph (3)— (A) in subparagraph (A)— (i) by striking “602(a)(1)” and inserting “602”; and (ii) by striking “1401(a)(1)” and inserting “1401”; (B) by striking subparagraph (B); (C) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph (B); and (D) in subparagraph (B) (as so redesignated)— (i) by striking “and toddlers” and inserting “or toddlers”; (ii) by striking “672(1)” and inserting “632”; and (iii) by striking “1472(1)” and inserting “1432”. (b) Defense Dependents Education Act of 1978.— Section 1409(c)(2) of the Defense Dependents Education Act of 1978 (20 U.S.C. 927(c)(2)) is amended— (1) by striking “677” and inserting “636”; and (2) by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”. (c) Higher Education Act of 1965.— The Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 465(a)(2)(C) (20 U.S.C. 1087ee(a)(2)(C), by striking “Individuals With” and inserting “Individuals with” and; (2) in section 469(c) (20 U.S.C. 1087ii(c)), by striking “602(a)(1) and 672(1)” and inserting “602 and 632”. (d) Education of the Deaf Act.— The matter preceding subparagraph (A) of section 104(b)(2) of the Education of the Deaf Act (20 U.S.C. 4304(b)(2)) is amended by striking “618(a)(1)(A)” and inserting “618(a)(1)”. (e) Goals 2000: Educate America Act.— Section 3(a)(9) of the Goals 2000: Educate America Act (20 U.S.C. 5802(a)(9)) is amended by striking “602(a)(17)” and inserting “602”. (f) School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994.— Section 4(15) of the School-to-Work Opportunities Act of 1994 (20 U.S.C. 6103(15)) is amended— (1) by striking “602(a)(17)” and inserting “602”; and (2) by striking “1401(17)” and inserting “1401”. (g) Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965.— The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 1111(b)(2)(I)(ii) (20 U.S.C. 6311(b)(2)(I)(ii)), by striking “612(a)(17)(A)” and inserting “612(a)(16)(A)”; (2) in section 5208 (20 U.S.C. 7221g), by striking “602(11)” and inserting “602”; and (3) in section 5563(b)(8)(C) (20 U.S.C. 7273b(b)(8)(C)), by striking “682” and inserting “671”. (h) Rehabilitation Act of 1973.— The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 101(a)(11)(D)(ii) (29 U.S.C. 721(a)(11)(D)(ii)), by striking “(as added by section 101 of Public Law 105–17)”; (2) in section 105(b)(1)(A)(ii) (29 U.S.C. 725(b)(1)(A)(ii)), by striking “682(a) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (as added by section 101 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997; Public Law 105–17)” and inserting “671 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act”; (3) in section 105(c)(6) (29 U.S.C. 725(c)(6))— (A) by striking “612(a)(21)” and inserting “612(a)(20)”; (B) by striking “Individual with” and inserting “Individuals with”; and (C) by striking “(as amended by section 101 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997; Public Law 105–17)”; (4) in section 302(f)(1)(D)(ii) (29 U.S.C. 772 (f)(1)(D)(ii)), by striking “(as amended by section 101 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (Public Law 105–17))”; (5) in section 303(c)(6) (29 U.S.C. 773(c)(6))— (A) by striking “682(a)” and inserting “671”; and (B) by striking “(as added by section 101 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997; Public Law 105–17)”; and (6) in section 303(c)(4)(A)(ii) (29 U.S.C. 773(c)(4)(A)(ii)), by striking “682(a) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (as added by section 101 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997; Public Law 105–17)” and inserting “671 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act”. (i) Public Health Service Act.— The Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 201 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 399A(f) 42 USC 290bb–25. (42 U.S.C. 280d(f), by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”; (2) in section 399(n)(3) (42 U.S.C. 280c–6(n)(3)), by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”; (3) in section 399A(b)(8) 42 USC 290bb–25. (42 U.S.C. 280d(b)(8)), by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”; (4) in section 562(d)(3)(B) (42 U.S.C. 290ff–1(d)(3)(B)), by striking “and H” and inserting “and C”; and (5) in section 563(d)(2) (42 U.S.C. 290ff–2(d)(2)), by striking “602(a)(19)” and inserting “602”. (j) Social Security Act.— The Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 1903(c) (42 U.S.C. 1396b(c)), by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”; and (2) in section 1915(c)(5)(C)(i) (42 U.S.C. 1396n(c)(5)(C)(i)), by striking “(as defined in section 602(16) and (17) of the Education of the Handicapped Act (20 U.S.C. 1401(16), (17))” and inserting “(as such terms are defined in section 602 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1401))”. (k) Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973.— Section 211(a) of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 5011(a)) is amended— (1) by striking “part H” and inserting “part C”; and (2) by striking “1471” and inserting “1431”. (l) Head Start Act.— The Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 640(a)(5)(C)(iv) (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)(5)(C)(iv)), by striking “1445” and inserting “1444”; (2) in section 640(d) (42 U.S.C. 9835(d))— (A) by striking “U.S.C” and inserting “U.S.C.”; and (B) by striking “1445” and inserting “1444”; (3) in section 641(d)(3) (42 U.S.C. 9836(d)(3)), by striking “U.S.C 1431–1445” and inserting “U.S.C. 1431–1444”; and (4) in section 642(c) (42 U.S.C. 9837(c)), by striking “1445” and inserting “1444”. (m) National and Community Service Act of 1990.— Section 101(21)(B) of the National and Community Service Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12511(21)(B)) is amended— (1) by striking “602(a)(1)” and inserting “602”; and (2) by striking “1401(a)(1)” and inserting “1401”. (n) Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000.— The Developmental Disabilities Assistance and Bill of Rights Act of 2000 (42 U.S.C. 15001 et seq.) is amended— (1) in section 125(c)(5)(G)(i) (42 U.S.C. 15025(c)(5)(G)(i)), by striking “subtitle C” and inserting “part C”; and (2) in section 154(a)(3)(E)(ii)(VI) (42 U.S.C. 15064(a)(3)(E)(ii)(VI))— (A) by striking “682 or 683” and inserting “671 or 672”; and (B) by striking “(20 U.S.C. 1482, 1483)”. (o) District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995.— The District of Columbia School Reform Act of 1995 (Public Law 104–134) is amended— (1) 110 Stat. 1321–107. in section 2002(32)— (A) by striking “602(a)(1)” and inserting “602”; and (B) by striking “1401(a)(1)” and inserting “1401”; (2) in section 2202(19), 110 Stat. 1321–116. by striking “Individuals With” and inserting “Individuals with”; and (3) 110 Stat. 1321–125. in section 2210— (A) in the heading for subsection (c), by striking “With Disabilities” and inserting “with Disabilities”; and (B) in subsection (c), by striking “Individuals With” and inserting “Individuals with”.

  45. Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007

    Pub. L. 110–134 § 7 · 121 Stat. 1363

    Amended · 42 U.S.C. § 9836

    Pub. L. 110–134 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of and prerequisites for designation of Head Start agencies in subsec. (a), definition of community in subsec. (b), priority in administration of section provisions in subsec. (c), designation in community without entity entitled to priority and qualified applicants in subsec. (d), designation on interim basis in subsec. (e), involvement of parents and area residents in selection of agencies in subsec. (f), and priority for nonprofit agencies and applicants with demonstrated capacity in subsec. (g)

    Source evidence

    Code amendment note
    Pub. L. 110–134 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of and prerequisites for designation of Head Start agencies in subsec. (a), definition of community in subsec. (b), priority in administration of section provisions in subsec. (c), designation in community without entity entitled to priority and qualified applicants in subsec. (d), designation on interim basis in subsec. (e), involvement of parents and area residents in selection of agencies in subsec. (f), and priority for nonprofit agencies and applicants with demonstrated capacity in subsec. (g).

    Enacted provision · exact public law section
    SEC. 7. DESIGNATION OF HEAD START AGENCIES.   Section 641 of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836) is amended to read as follows: “SEC. 641. DESIGNATION OF HEAD START AGENCIES. “(a) Authority To Designate.— “(1) In general.— The Secretary is authorized to designate as a Head Start agency any local public or private nonprofit agency, including community-based and faith-based organizations, or for-profit agency, within a community, pursuant to the requirements of this section. “(2) Interim policy.— Notwithstanding paragraph (1), until such time as the Secretary develops and implements the system for designation renewal under this section, the Secretary is authorized to designate as a Head Start agency, any local public or private nonprofit agency, including community-based and faith-based organizations, or for-profit agency, within a community, in the manner and process utilized by the Secretary prior to the enactment of the Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007. “(b) Application for Designation Renewal.— To be considered for designation renewal, an entity shall submit an application to the Secretary, at such time and in such manner as the Secretary may require. “(c) System for Designation Renewal.— “(1) In general.— The Secretary shall develop a system for designation renewal that integrates the recommendations of the expert panel convened under paragraph (2) to determine if a Head Start agency is delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program that meets the educational, health, nutritional, and social needs of the children and families it serves, and meets program and financial management requirements and standards described in section 641A(a)(1), based on— “(A) annual budget and fiscal management data; “(B) program reviews conducted under section 641A(c); “(C) annual audits required under section 647; “(D) classroom quality as measured under section 641A(c)(2)(F); and “(E) Program Information Reports. “(2) Expert panel.— Not Deadline. later than 3 months after the date of enactment of the Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007, the Secretary shall convene an expert panel of 7 members to make recommendations to the Secretary on the development of a transparent, reliable, and valid system for designation renewal. “(3) Composition of expert panel.— The Secretary, in convening such panel, shall appoint the following: “(A) (i) One member, who has demonstrated competency, as evidenced by training, expertise, and experience, in early childhood program accreditation. “(ii) One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in research on early childhood development. “(iii) One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in governance and finance of nonprofit organizations. “(iv) One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in delivery of services to populations of children with special needs and their families. “(v) One member, who has demonstrated competency (as so evidenced) in assessment and evaluation of programs serving young children. “(B) An employee from the Office of Head Start. “(C) An executive director of a Head Start agency. “(4) Expert panel report.— Within 9 months after being convened by the Secretary, the expert panel shall issue a report to the Secretary that provides recommendations on a proposed system for designation renewal that takes into account the criteria in subparagraphs (A) through (E) of paragraph (1) to evaluate whether a Head Start agency is fulfilling its mission to deliver a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program, including adequately meeting its governance, legal, and financial management requirements. “(5) Public comment and consideration.— Not Deadline. Federal Register, publication. later than 3 months after receiving the report described in paragraph (4), the Secretary shall publish a notice describing a proposed system for designation renewal in the Federal Register, including a proposal for the transition to such system, providing at least 90 days for public comment. The Secretary shall review and consider public comments prior to finalizing the system for designation renewal described in this subsection. “(6) Designation renewal system.— Not Deadline. later than 12 months after publishing a notice describing the proposed system under paragraph (5), the Secretary shall implement the system for designation renewal and use that system to determine— “(A) whether a Head Start grantee is successfully delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program; and “(B) whether the grantee has any unresolved deficiencies found during the last triennial review under section 641A(c). “(7) Implementation of the designation renewal system.— “(A) In general.— A grantee who is determined under such system— “(i) to be delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program shall be designated (consistent with section 643) as a Head Start agency for the period of 5 years described in section 638; “(ii) to not be delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program shall be subject to an open competition as described in subsection (d); and “(iii) in the case of an Indian Head Start agency, to not be delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program shall (notwithstanding clause (ii)) be subject to the requirements of subparagraph (B). “(B) Tribal government consultation and reevaluation.— On making a determination described in subparagraph (A)(iii), the Secretary shall engage in government-to-government consultation with the appropriate tribal government or governments for the purpose of establishing a plan to improve the quality of Head Start programs operated by the Indian Head Start agency. Such plan shall be established and implemented within 6 months after the Secretary’s determination. Not more than 6 months after the implementation of that plan, the Secretary shall reevaluate the performance of the Indian Head Start agency. If the Indian Head Start agency is still not delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program, the Secretary shall conduct an open competition as described in subsection (d), subject to the limitations described in subsection (e). “(8) Transparency, reliability, and validity.— The Secretary shall ensure the system for designation renewal is fair, consistent, and transparent and is applied in a manner that renews designations, in a timely manner, grantees as Head Start agencies for periods of 5 years if such grantees are delivering high-quality and comprehensive Head Start programs. The Evaluation. Secretary shall periodically evaluate whether the criteria of the system are being applied in a manner that is transparent, reliable, and valid. “(9) Transition.— “(A) In general.— Each Deadline. Head Start agency shall be reviewed under the system for designation renewal described in paragraph (6), not later than 3 years after the implementation of such system. “(B) Limitation.— A Head Start agency shall not be subject to the requirements of the system for designation renewal prior to 18 months after the date of enactment of the Improving Head Start for School Readiness Act of 2007. “(C) Schedule.— The Secretary shall establish and implement a schedule for reviewing each Head Start agency under the system for designation renewal described in paragraph (6), consistent with subparagraphs (A) and (B). “(10) Reports to congress.— The Secretary shall— “(A) make available to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate the report described in paragraph (4); “(B) concurrently with publishing a notice in the Federal Register as described in paragraph (5), provide a report to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate that provides a detailed description of the proposed system described in paragraph (5), including a clear rationale for any differences between the proposed system and the recommendations of the expert panel, if any such differences exist; and “(C) prior to implementing the system for designation renewal, provide a report to the Committee on Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate— “(i) summarizing the public comment on the proposed system and the Secretary’s response to such comment; and “(ii) describing the final system for designation renewal and the plans for implementation of such system. “(d) Designation When No Entity Is Renewed.— “(1) In general.— If no entity in a community is determined to be successfully delivering a high-quality and comprehensive Head Start program, as specified in subsection (c), the Secretary shall, after conducting an open competition, designate for a 5-year period a Head Start agency from among qualified applicants in such community. “(2) Considerations for designation.— In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall consider the effectiveness of each such applicant to provide Head Start services, based on— “(A) any past performance of such applicant in providing services comparable to Head Start services, including how effectively such applicant provided such comparable services; “(B) the plan of such applicant to provide comprehensive health, educational, nutritional, social, and other services needed to aid participating children in attaining their full potential, and to prepare children to succeed in school; “(C) the plan of such applicant to attract and retain qualified staff capable of delivering, including implementing, a high-quality and comprehensive program, including the ability to carry out a research based curriculum aligned with the Head Start Child Outcomes Framework and, as appropriate, State early learning standards; “(D) the ability of such applicant to maintain child-to-teacher ratios and family service worker caseloads that reflect best practices and are tied to high-quality service delivery; “(E) the capacity of such applicant to serve eligible children with— “(i) curricula that are based on scientifically valid research, that are developmentally appropriate, and that promote the school readiness of children participating in the program involved; and “(ii) teaching practices that are based, as appropriate, on scientifically valid research, that are developmentally appropriate, and that promote the school readiness of children participating in the program involved; “(F) the plan of such applicant to meet standards described in section 641A(a)(1), with particular attention to the standards described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of such section; “(G) the proposed budget of the applicant and plan of such applicant to maintain strong fiscal controls and cost-effective fiscal management; “(H) the plan of such applicant to coordinate and collaborate with other public or private entities providing early childhood education and development programs and services for young children in the community involved, including— “(i) programs implementing grant agreements under the Early Reading First and Even Start programs under subparts 2 and 3 of part B of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6371 et seq., 6381 et seq.); “(ii) other preschool programs under title I of that Act (20 U.S.C. 6301 et seq.); “(iii) programs under section 619 and part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1419, 1431 et seq.); “(iv) State prekindergarten programs; “(v) child care programs; “(vi) the educational programs that the children in the Head Start program involved will enter at the age of compulsory school attendance; and “(vii) local entities, such as a public or school library, for— “(I) conducting reading readiness programs; “(II) developing innovative programs to excite children about the world of books, including providing fresh books in the Head Start classroom; “(III) assisting in literacy training for Head Start teachers; or “(IV) supporting parents and other caregivers in literacy efforts; “(I) the plan of such applicant to coordinate the Head Start program that the applicant proposes to carry out, with public and private entities that are willing to commit resources to assist the Head Start program in meeting its program needs; “(J) the plan of such applicant— “(i) to facilitate the involvement of parents (including grandparents and kinship caregivers, as appropriate) of children participating in the proposed Head Start program, in activities (at home and, if practicable, at the location of the Head Start program) designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children; “(ii) to afford such parents the opportunity to participate in the development and overall conduct of the program at the local level, including transportation assistance, as appropriate; “(iii) to offer (directly or through referral to local entities, such as entities carrying out Even Start programs under subpart 3 of part B of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6381 et seq.), public and school libraries, and entities carrying out family support programs) to such parents— “(I) family literacy services; and “(II) parenting skills training; “(iv) to offer to parents of participating children substance abuse counseling (either directly or through referral to local entities), if needed, including information on the effect of drug exposure on infants and fetal alcohol syndrome; “(v) at the option of such applicant, to offer (directly or through referral to local entities) to such parents— “(I) training in basic child development (including cognitive, social, and emotional development); “(II) assistance in developing literacy and communication skills; “(III) opportunities to share experiences with other parents (including parent-mentor relationships); “(IV) regular in-home visitation; “(V) health services, including information on maternal depression; or “(VI) any other activity designed to help such parents become full partners in the education of their children; “(vi) to provide, with respect to each participating family, a family needs assessment that includes consultation with such parents (including foster parents, grandparents, and kinship caregivers, where applicable), in a manner and language that such parents can understand, to the extent practicable, about the benefits of parent involvement and about the activities described in this subparagraph in which such parents may choose to become involved (taking into consideration their specific family needs, work schedules, and other responsibilities); and “(vii) to extend outreach to fathers (including father figures), in appropriate cases, in order to strengthen the role of those fathers in families, in the education of young children, and in the Head Start program, by working directly with the fathers through activities such as— “(I) in appropriate cases, including the fathers in home visits and providing opportunities for direct father-child interactions; and “(II) targeting increased male participation in the conduct of the program; “(K) the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of limited English proficient children and their families, including procedures to identify such children, plans to provide trained personnel, and plans to provide services to assist the children in making progress toward the acquisition of the English language, while making meaningful progress in attaining the knowledge, skills, abilities, and development described in section 641A(a)(1)(B); “(L) the plan of such applicant to meet the diverse needs of the population served; “(M) the plan of such applicant who chooses to assist younger siblings of children who will participate in the Head Start program to obtain health services from other sources; “(N) the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of children with disabilities, including procedures to identify such children, procedures for referral of such children for evaluation to State or local agencies providing services under section 619 or part C of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1419, 1431 et seq.), and plans for collaboration with those State or local agencies; “(O) the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of homeless children, including transportation needs, and the needs of children in foster care; and “(P) other factors related to the requirements of this subchapter. “(3) Priority.— In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall give priority to applicants that have demonstrated capacity in providing effective, comprehensive, and well-coordinated early childhood education and development services and programs to children and their families. “(e) Prohibition Against Non-Indian Head Start Agency Receiving a Grant for an Indian Head Start Program.— “(1) In general.— Notwithstanding any other provision of law, except as provided in paragraph (2), under no condition may a non-Indian Head Start agency receive a grant to carry out an Indian Head Start program. “(2) Exception.— In a community in which there is no Indian Head Start agency available for designation to carry out an Indian Head Start program, a non-Indian Head Start agency may receive a grant to carry out an Indian Head Start program but only until such time as an Indian Head Start agency in such community becomes available and is designated pursuant to this section. “(f) Interim Provider.— If no agency in a community is designated under subsection (d), and there is no qualified applicant in the community, the Secretary shall designate a qualified agency to carry out the Head Start program in the community on an interim basis until a qualified applicant from the community is designated under subsection (d). “(g) Parent and Community Participation.— The Secretary shall require that the practice of significantly involving parents and community residents in the area affected by the program involved, in the selection of Head Start agencies, be continued. “(h) Community.— For purposes of this subchapter, a community may be a city, county, or multicity or multicounty unit within a State, an Indian reservation (including Indians in any off-reservation area designated by an appropriate tribal government in consultation with the Secretary), or a neighborhood or other area (irrespective of boundaries or political subdivisions) that provides a suitable organizational base and possesses the commonality of interest needed to operate a Head Start program.” .

67 of 67 references resolved to an enrolled provision

Editorial Notes

References in Text

The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(H)(i), is Pub. L. 89–10, , 79 Stat. 27. Title I of the Act is classified generally to subchapter I (§ 6301 et seq.) of chapter 70 of Title 20, Education. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 6301 of Title 20 and Tables.

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, referred to in subsec. (d)(2)(H)(ii), (N), is title VI of Pub. L. 91–230, , 84 Stat. 175. Part C of the Act is classified generally to subchapter III (§ 1431 et seq.) of chapter 33 of Title 20, Education. Section 619 of the Act is classified to section 1419 of Title 20. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see section 1400 of Title 20 and Tables.

Amendments1984–2007 · 7 rounds

Subsec. (d)(2)(H)(i). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(nn)(2)(A), redesignated cl. (ii) as (i), struck out “other” before “preschool programs” and substituted “the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965” for “that Act”, and struck out former cl. (i) which read as follows: “programs implementing grant agreements under the Early Reading First and Even Start programs under subparts 2 and 3 of part B of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6371 et seq., 6381 et seq.);”.

Subsec. (d)(2)(H)(ii) to (vii). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(nn)(2)(A)(ii), redesignated cls. (iii) to (vii) as (ii) to (vi), respectively. Former cl. (ii) redesignated (i).

Subsec. (d)(2)(J)(iii). Pub. L. 114–95, § 9215(nn)(2)(B), struck out “, such as entities carrying out Even Start programs under subpart 3 of part B of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6381 et seq.)” after “local entities” in introductory provisions.

2007

Pub. L. 110–134 amended section generally. Prior to amendment, section related to authorization of and prerequisites for designation of Head Start agencies in subsec. (a), definition of community in subsec. (b), priority in administration of section provisions in subsec. (c), designation in community without entity entitled to priority and qualified applicants in subsec. (d), designation on interim basis in subsec. (e), involvement of parents and area residents in selection of agencies in subsec. (f), and priority for nonprofit agencies and applicants with demonstrated capacity in subsec. (g).

2004

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 108–446 substituted “U.S.C. 1431–1444” for “U.S.C 1431–1445”.

1998

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(1), inserted “or for-profit” after “nonprofit” and “(in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved, if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs)” after “Secretary” in cl. (2).

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(2), substituted “off-reservation area designated by an appropriate tribal government in consultation with the Secretary” for “area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(A), inserted “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State involved if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “Secretary shall” and “or for-profit” after “nonprofit” and substituted “determines that the agency involved fails to meet program and financial management requirements, performance standards described in section 9836a(a)(1) of this title, results-based performance measures developed by the Secretary under section 9836a(b) of this title, or other requirements established by the Secretary” for “makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(B), (C), inserted “, in consultation with the chief executive officer of the State if such State expends non-Federal funds to carry out Head Start programs,” after “Secretary shall” and realigned margins.

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(3)(C), realigned margins.

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(A), inserted in introductory provisions “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency, the Secretary shall give priority to any qualified agency that functioned as a Head Start delegate agency in the community and carried out a Head Start program that the Secretary determines met or exceeded such performance standards and such results-based performance measures.”

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(B), inserted “and programs under part C and section 619 of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C 1431–1445, 1419)” after “(20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.)”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(A). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(i), inserted “(at home and in the center involved where practicable)” after “activities”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(D). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(v), added subpar. (D). Former subpar. (D) redesignated (E).

Subsec. (d)(4)(D)(iii). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(I), inserted “or” at end.

Subsec. (d)(4)(D)(iv), (v). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(ii)(II), (III), redesignated cl. (v) as (iv) and struck out former cl. (iv) which read as follows: “substance abuse counseling; or”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(E). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iv), redesignated subpar. (D) as (E). Former subpar. (E) redesignated (F).

Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iii), substituted “, (D), and (E)” for “and (D)”.

Subsec. (d)(4)(F). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(C)(iv), redesignated subpar. (E) as (F).

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(D), amended par. (7) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (7) read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to meet the needs of non-English language background children and their families in the community; and”.

Subsec. (d)(8) to (10). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(4)(E)–(G), added pars. (8) and (10) and redesignated former par. (8) as (9).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(5), added subsec. (e) and struck out former subsec. (e) which read as follows: “If, in a community served by a Head Start program, there is no applicant qualified for designation as a Head Start agency to carry out such program, the Secretary may appoint an interim grantee to carry out such program until a qualified applicant is so designated.”

Subsec. (g). Pub. L. 105–285, § 107(6), added subsec. (g).

1994

Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(a), inserted “(including Indians in any area designated by the Bureau of Indian Affairs as near-reservation)” after “Indian reservation”.

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(2), (3), (5), inserted “(subject to paragraph (2))” after “the provisions of this section”, struck out subpar. (A), inserted “the Secretary makes a finding that the agency involved fails to meet program, financial management, and other requirements established by the Secretary.” after “unless”, and redesignated subpar. (B) as par. (2) and concluding provisions as par. (3).

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (3), (4), (6), redesignated par. (1)(B) as (2) and realigned margins, substituted “If” for “except that, if” and “paragraph (1)” for “subparagraph (A)”, and struck out former par. (2) which read as follows:

“(2)(A) The Secretary shall conduct a full review of each designated Head Start agency at least once during each 3-year period, and shall determine whether each agency meets program and fiscal requirements established by the Secretary.

“(B) The Secretary shall conduct a review of each newly designated Head Start agency immediately after the completion of the first year such agency carries out a Head Start program.

“(C) The Secretary shall conduct followup reviews of Head Start agencies when appropriate.”

Subsec. (c)(3). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), (5), redesignated concluding provisions of par. (1) as (3), substituted “this subsection” for “this paragraph”, and struck out former par. (3) which read as follows: “In carrying out a review of each Head Start agency under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall—

“(A) to the maximum extent practicable, carry out such review by using employees of the Department of Health and Human Services who are knowledgeable about Head Start programs;

“(B) ensure that an employee of the Department of Health and Human Services who is knowledgeable about Head Start programs supervises such review at the site of such agency;

“(C) measure the compliance of the programs of such agency with the performance standards in effect under section 9846(b) of this title; and

“(D) identify the types and conditions of facilities in which such programs are located.”

Subsec. (c)(4). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(b)(1), struck out par. (4) which read as follows: “The results of a review conducted under this subsection shall not be sufficient alone for the purpose of determining whether to continue, or to discontinue, providing funds to a particular Head Start agency.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(1)–(3)(A), in introductory provisions substituted “If no entity in a community is entitled to the priority specified in subsection (c) of this section,” for “If there is no Head Start agency as described in subsection (c)(2) of this section, and no existing Head Start program serving a community,” and struck out “Any such designation shall be governed by the program and fiscal requirements, criteria, and standards applicable on , to then existing Head Start agencies.” after first sentence and “subject to the preceding sentence” after “as a Head Start agency”.

Subsec. (d)(3). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(3)(B), inserted “, including Even Start programs under part B of chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.),” after “preschool programs”.

Subsec. (d)(4). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(3)(C), amended par. (4) generally. Prior to amendment, par. (4) read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to involve parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program in appropriate educational services (in accordance with the performance standards in effect under section 9846(b) of this title or through referral of such parents to educational services available in the community) in order to aid their children to attain their full potential;”.

Subsec. (d)(7). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(4), substituted “non-English language background children and their families” for “non-English language children” and inserted “and” after semicolon.

Subsec. (d)(8), (9). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(c)(5), (6), redesignated par. (9) as (8) and struck out former par. (8) which read as follows: “the plan of such applicant to provide (directly or through referral to educational services available in the community) parents of children who will participate in the proposed Head Start program with child development and literacy skills training in order to aid their children to attain their full potential; and”.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 103–252, § 107(d), redesignated subsec. (g) as (f) and struck out former subsec. (f) which read as follows: “The provisions of subsections (c), (d), and (e) of this section shall be applied by the Secretary in the distribution of any additional appropriations made available under this subchapter during any fiscal year as well as to initial designations of Head Start agencies.”

1992

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(e)(1), inserted at end “Notwithstanding any other provision of this paragraph, the Secretary shall not give such priority to any agency with respect to which financial assistance has been terminated, or an application for refunding has been denied, under this subchapter by the Secretary after affording such agency reasonable notice and opportunity for a full and fair hearing in accordance with section 9841(a)(3) of this title.”

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(f), designated existing provisions as subpar. (A) and added subpars. (B) and (C).

Subsec. (d)(8), (9). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(g), added pars. (8) and (9).

Subsec. (e). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(3), added subsec. (e). Former subsec. (e) redesignated (f).

Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(1), substituted “(c), (d), and (e)” for “(c) and (d)”.

Subsecs. (f), (g). Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(h)(2), redesignated subsecs. (e) and (f) as (f) and (g), respectively.

1990

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 101–501, § 107, designated existing provisions as par. (1), redesignated former par. (1) as subpar. (A), added subpar. (B) and pars. (2) to (4), and struck out former par. (2) and last sentence which read as follows:

“(2) except that if there is no such agency because of any change in the assistance furnished to programs for economically disadvantaged persons, then the Secretary shall give priority in the designation of Head Start agencies to any successor agency which is operated in substantially the same manner as the predecessor agency which did receive funds in the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the determination is made.

The provisions of clause (2) shall apply only to agencies actually operating Head Start programs.”

Subsec. (d). Pub. L. 101–501, § 108, inserted at end “In selecting from among qualified applicants for designation as a Head Start agency and subject to the preceding sentence, the Secretary shall consider the effectiveness of each such applicant to provide Head Start services, based on—” and pars. (1) to (7).

1984

Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(a), inserted “, within a community,” after “private nonprofit agency”.

Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(1), substituted “unless” for “, except that” in provisions preceding cl. (1).

Subsec. (c)(1). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(2), (3), substituted “makes a finding” for “shall, before giving such priority, determine” and “fails to meet” for “meet”.

Subsec. (c)(2). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(b)(4), inserted “except that” before “if”.

Subsecs. (d) to (f). Pub. L. 98–558, § 104(c), added subsecs. (d) and (e) and redesignated former subsec. (d) as (f).

Statutory Notes and Related Subsidiaries

Change of Name

Committee on Education and Labor of House of Representatives changed to Committee on Education and the Workforce of House of Representatives by House Resolution No. 5, One Hundred Eighteenth Congress, .

Effective Date of 2015 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 114–95 effective , except with respect to certain noncompetitive programs and competitive programs, see section 5 of Pub. L. 114–95, set out as a note under section 6301 of Title 20, Education.

Effective Date of 1994 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 103–252 effective , but not applicable to Head Start agencies and other recipients of financial assistance under the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) until , see section 127 of Pub. L. 103–252, set out as a note under section 9832 of this title.

Effective Date of 1992 Amendment

Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(e)(2), , 106 Stat. 1957, provided that: “The amendment made by paragraph (1) [amending this section] shall apply only with respect to terminations of financial assistance, and denials of refunding, occurring after .”

Amendment by section 2(f)–(h) of Pub. L. 102–401 effective , but not applicable with respect to fiscal years beginning before , and amendment by section 2(e)(1) of Pub. L. 102–401 effective , see section 4 of Pub. L. 102–401, set out as a note under section 9835 of this title.

Effective Date of 1990 Amendment

Amendment by Pub. L. 101–501 effective , see section 1001(a) of Pub. L. 101–501, set out as a note under section 8621 of this title.

Head Start Designation Renewal System

Pub. L. 116–159, div. D, title IV, § 4401, , 134 Stat. 743, provided that:

“Notwithstanding section 638 of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9833), if the Secretary of Health and Human Services—

“(1)

is required to make a determination under paragraph (6) of section 641(c) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 9836a(c) [sic, probably should be “42 U.S.C. 9836(c)”]) whether to renew the designation of a Head Start agency for which such determination under the schedule developed pursuant to paragraph (9)(C) of such section 641(c) is required to be made before ; and

“(2)

cannot make such determination in accordance with such schedule because the Secretary lacks any information described in any of subparagraphs (A) through (E) of section 641(c)(1) of such Act required for the purpose of making such determination;

then before , the Secretary shall extend for not more than 2 years the 5-year period otherwise applicable to the designation of such Head Start agency under such Act [42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.].”

Credits

1981–2015 · 9 acts
  1. 1981Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 641, , 95 Stat. 501
  2. 1984Pub. L. 98–558, title I, § 104, , 98 Stat. 2878
  3. 1990Pub. L. 101–501, title I, §§ 107, 108, , 104 Stat. 1229, 1230
  4. 1992Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(e)(1), (f)–(h), , 106 Stat. 1957
  5. 1994Pub. L. 103–252, title I, § 107, , 108 Stat. 629
  6. 1998Pub. L. 105–285, title I, § 107, , 112 Stat. 2712
  7. 2004Pub. L. 108–446, title III, § 305(l)(3), , 118 Stat. 2806
  8. 2007Pub. L. 110–134, § 7, , 121 Stat. 1378
  9. 2015Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(nn)(2), , 129 Stat. 2176.
Show as published

(Pub. L. 97–35, title VI, § 641, , 95 Stat. 501; Pub. L. 98–558, title I, § 104, , 98 Stat. 2878; Pub. L. 101–501, title I, §§ 107, 108, , 104 Stat. 1229, 1230; Pub. L. 102–401, § 2(e)(1), (f)–(h), , 106 Stat. 1957; Pub. L. 103–252, title I, § 107, , 108 Stat. 629; Pub. L. 105–285, title I, § 107, , 112 Stat. 2712; Pub. L. 108–446, title III, § 305(l)(3), , 118 Stat. 2806; Pub. L. 110–134, § 7, , 121 Stat. 1378; Pub. L. 114–95, title IX, § 9215(nn)(2), , 129 Stat. 2176.)

Parsed from the official OLRC USLM XML in data/usc_all/usc42.xml · release point 119-108 · OLRC build 2026-09-09

USLM identifier /us/usc/t42/s9836